B2 verb /ˈrendər/

render

Meaning

to provide or give; to make or cause to become

Example

The artist renders the scene beautifully.

B2 noun /reɪk/

Rake

Meaning

a garden tool with a long handle and prongs for gathering leaves; to gather with a rake

Example

He used a rake to gather the fallen autumn leaves.

B2 noun ˌriːfɔːˈreɪʃən

reforestation

Meaning

The natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted.

Example

Reforestation efforts are crucial to restoring ecosystems.

B2 noun /ˈrɛzərvwɑːr/

reservoir

Meaning

A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

Example

The city built a new reservoir to ensure enough drinking water for its residents.

B2 noun /rɒd/

rod

Meaning

a thin straight bar, especially of metal or wood

Example

He used an iron rod to support the structure.

B2 noun /ˈraɪvəlri/

Rivalry

Meaning

competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field; the state of being rivals

Example

The rivalry between the two teams made the match exciting.

B2 adjective /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

Reserved

Meaning

slow to reveal emotion or opinions; restrained in manner

Example

She is quite reserved and doesn't talk much in meetings.

B2 verb /rɪˈzaɪd/

reside

Meaning

to live or dwell in a particular place

Example

They reside in a large house near the river.

B2 adjective /rɪˈmuːvəbəl/

removable

Meaning

able to be removed or taken away

Example

This phone has a removable battery.

B2 noun ˈruθləs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən

ruthless competition

Meaning

Fierce and merciless rivalry or contest, without pity or compassion.

Example

Ruthless competition for power leads to societal issues.

B2 noun /ˌrɛfəˈriː/

referee

Meaning

a person who oversees a game or match to ensure the rules are followed

Example

The referee stopped the game after a foul.

B2 verb /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh

Meaning

to make fresh again; to restore energy

Example

A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.

B2 adjective /ˈrændəm/

Random

Meaning

without pattern or predetermined order; happening by chance

Example

She selected a random book from the library shelf.

B2 noun /ræntʃ/

ranch

Meaning

a large farm where animals such as cattle or sheep are raised

Example

They own a huge cattle ranch in Texas.

B2 noun /ˈraɪvəl/

Rival

Meaning

a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field

Example

The two companies have been business rivals for decades.

B2 noun/verb /rɪˈmɑːrk/

remark

Meaning

something that is said; a comment

Example

She made a remark about the weather.

B2 noun, verb /ræmp/

ramp

Meaning

a sloping surface joining two different levels; as a verb, to increase or rise sharply

Example

The car drove up the ramp into the parking garage.

B2 noun /ˈreɪtɪŋ/

rating

Meaning

an evaluation or assessment, usually numerical

Example

The movie received a high rating from critics.

B2 adjective /ˌrez.ɪˈden.ʃəl/

residential

Meaning

Designed for people to live in.

Example

The institution was fully residential.

B2 noun /rɪb/

Rib

Meaning

one of the curved bones that protect the chest and lungs

Example

He broke his rib in the accident.

B2 noun /ˈreɪn.dʒər/

ranger

Meaning

A person responsible for protecting and managing forests, parks, or natural areas.

Example

The park ranger guided the tourists through the forest trail.

B2 noun /ˈrep.taɪl/

Reptile

Meaning

a cold-blooded animal with scaly skin that lays eggs on land

Example

The lizard is a common reptile found in gardens.

B2 noun /ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/

representation

Meaning

the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something

Example

Her representation of the team was impeccable.

B2 noun, verb /rɪˈzɔːrt/

resort

Meaning

A place for rest or recreation; to turn to something for help or solution.

Example

They stayed at a beach resort during their vacation.

B2 verb /ˈreɡjəleɪt/

regulate

Meaning

to control or maintain according to rules or laws

Example

The government regulates food safety.

B2 verb /rɪˈzɑlv/

resolve

Meaning

to solve a problem; to decide firmly

Example

The manager resolves the conflict between employees.

B2 noun /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

reproduction

Meaning

The process of producing offspring; the act of copying or duplicating.

Example

The textbook included a detailed diagram of human reproduction.

B2 noun /rɪˈfreʃ.mənt/

Refreshment

Meaning

food and drink that is served as a light meal; something that refreshes

Example

We served light refreshments after the meeting.

B2 verb /rɪˈteɪn/

retain

Meaning

to keep possession of something

Example

The company decided to retain its experienced employees.

B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstənt/

resistant

Meaning

not affected by something; able to oppose or withstand

Example

This fabric is resistant to water and stains.

B2 verb /rɪˈzɛnt/

resent

Meaning

to feel bitterness or displeasure about something or someone

Example

She began to resent the constant criticism from her boss.

B2 verb /rɪˈtriːv/

retrieve

Meaning

to get something back that was lost or taken; to recover

Example

She managed to retrieve her lost phone from the taxi.

B2 verb /ˌriːkriˈeɪt/

recreate

Meaning

to create or produce something again, especially a new version of something lost or destroyed

Example

The team recreated the lost dataset from backups.

B2 noun /ˌrɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

realization

Meaning

the act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact

Example

Her realization of the problem helped solve the issue.

B2 adverb /ˈræp.ɪd.li/

Rapidly

Meaning

at a fast speed; quickly

Example

The company is rapidly expanding into new markets.

B2 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrsfəl/

resourceful

Meaning

Having the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties.

Example

She is very resourceful when it comes to solving unexpected problems.

B2 verb /ˌriːjuˈnaɪt/

reunite

Meaning

to bring together again after separation

Example

The family was reunited after many years.

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zər/

Razor

Meaning

a sharp-edged instrument used for shaving hair from the skin

Example

He shaved his beard with a sharp razor.

B2 verb /rɪˈɡeɪn/

regain

Meaning

to get back something that was lost; to recover

Example

He regains his strength after the illness.

B2 noun /rɪˈstrɪk.ʃən/

Restriction

Meaning

a limiting condition or measure; the limitation or control of someone or something

Example

There are strict restrictions on smoking in public places.

B2 noun /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/

reliability

Meaning

the quality of being trustworthy or performing consistently well

Example

Customers value the reliability of our service.

B2 adjective /ˈrɑː.ki/

Rocky

Meaning

full of rocks; unsteady; difficult

Example

The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪski/

risky

Meaning

Involving the possibility of danger, harm, or loss

Example

Investing in that startup is risky but could bring high rewards.

B2 verb /riːˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

reorganize

Meaning

to arrange something again in a different way for greater efficiency or order

Example

The manager decided to reorganize the team structure.

B2 verb /rɪˈsaɪt/

recite

Meaning

To say aloud something learned, especially poetry or text, from memory.

Example

The child recited a poem in front of the class.

B2 noun rɪˈzentmənt

resentment

Meaning

Bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly.

Example

Resentment grew among the students.

B2 adverb /rɪˈspektɪvli/

Respectively

Meaning

in the order given; separately and in the order already mentioned

Example

John and Mary are 25 and 30 years old respectively.

B2 verb /rɪˈstreɪn/

restrain

Meaning

to hold back or control; to limit or restrict

Example

Please restrain your dog.

B2 adjective /rɪˈspɒn.sɪv/

Responsive

Meaning

reacting quickly and positively; readily reacting to suggestions or changes

Example

The website is very responsive and loads quickly on all devices.

B2 verb rɪˈzaɪn

resign

Meaning

Voluntarily leave a job or other position.

Example

Ministers were forced to resign.

B2 noun /rɪˈdʒɛkʃən/

rejection

Meaning

the action of refusing or dismissing something or someone

Example

Her rejection of the offer surprised everyone.

B2 noun /ˈrɛfjuːdʒ/

refuge

Meaning

a place that provides shelter or protection from danger or distress

Example

The villagers took refuge in the temple during the storm.

B2 verb /ˈreɪn.dʒɪŋ/

ranging

Meaning

Extending or varying between limits.

Example

The temperatures are ranging from 15 to 30 degrees this week.

B2 verb rɪˈstɔːr

restore

Meaning

To bring back to a former or original state; to reinstate.

Example

Restoring the tradition of student politics is necessary.

B2 verb /rɪˈstrɪkt/

restrict

Meaning

To limit the size, amount, or range of something.

Example

The government decided to restrict the use of plastic bags.

B2 noun /ˈraɪdər/

rider

Meaning

A person who rides a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle.

Example

The rider fell off the horse.

B2 adjective /ˈruː.tɪd/

Rooted

Meaning

deeply established; firmly fixed

Example

His beliefs are deeply rooted in tradition.

B2 adverb /rɪˈpɔːtɪdli/

reportedly

Meaning

according to what is said or believed, although not confirmed

Example

The company has reportedly agreed to the new terms.

B2 noun /reɪdʒ/

rage

Meaning

intense anger or fury

Example

She shouted in a fit of rage after hearing the news.

B2 noun, verb /rɪər/

rear

Meaning

the back part of something; to bring up or raise children or animals

Example

The mother cat reared her kittens in a quiet corner.

B2 adverb /ruːˈtiːnli/

routinely

Meaning

as part of a regular procedure; habitually

Example

The staff routinely checks the equipment for safety.

B2 adverb /rɪˈɡɑrdləs/

regardless

Meaning

without paying attention to the current situation or condition

Example

She will go to the party regardless of the weather.

B2 adjective /ˈrʌn daʊn/

run-down

Meaning

in a poor condition; worn out or neglected

Example

They live in a run-down house at the edge of town.

B2 verb /riːp/

reap

Meaning

to cut or gather a crop; to receive as a consequence of actions

Example

Farmers reap wheat in the late summer.

B2 adjective /ˈrɒt.ən/

Rotten

Meaning

decayed; spoiled; bad

Example

The apple is rotten and should be thrown away.

B2 adverb /ˈred.ɪ.li/

Readily

Meaning

willingly; easily; without hesitation

Example

She readily agreed to help with the project.

B2 noun /ˈroʊstɪd miːt/

Roasted meat

Meaning

meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over fire

Example

The roasted meat was perfectly seasoned and tender.

B2 noun/verb rɪˈfɔːm

reform

Meaning

Make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.

Example

Reform in the education system was a priority.

B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

Meaning

to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed

Example

The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.

B2 adjective /rɪˈflektɪv/

Reflective

Meaning

thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images

Example

After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zən/

Raisin

Meaning

dried grape

Example

She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.

B2 noun /rɪˈfɔːr.mər/

Reformer

Meaning

a person who works to bring about positive changes in society or institutions

Example

The social reformer dedicated her life to improving education for all children.

B2 noun /ˈrerəti/

Rarity

Meaning

the state of being rare; something that is uncommon or scarce

Example

The antique vase was a rarity worth thousands of dollars.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪɡ.ər.əs/

rigorous

Meaning

Extremely thorough and demanding in analysis or practice.

Example

A rigorous study plan helps students achieve better results.

B2 noun /ˈrem.ə.di/

Remedy

Meaning

a medicine or treatment for a disease; a solution to a problem

Example

This herbal remedy helps with headaches.

B2 noun, verb /ˈriːteɪl/

retail

Meaning

the sale of goods to the public in small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale

Example

The company specializes in the retail of clothing and accessories.

B2 noun /ˈreɪʃoʊ/

ratio

Meaning

a relationship between two numbers showing how many times the first number contains the second

Example

The ratio of boys to girls in the class is 2:1.

B2 verb /rɪˈfaɪn/

refine

Meaning

to improve by making small changes; to purify

Example

The chef refines the recipe to perfection.

B2 noun /ˈreb.əl/

Rebel

Meaning

a person who resists authority or control

Example

The young rebel refused to follow the school rules.

B2 noun /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/

Recipient

Meaning

a person who receives something

Example

She was the recipient of the prestigious award.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪdʒ.ɪd/

Rigid

Meaning

hard and stiff; not able to bend; strict and unwilling to change

Example

The company has a rigid dress code that all employees must follow.

B2 noun /rɛlm/

realm

Meaning

A kingdom or domain; a field or area of activity or interest.

Example

He is well known in the realm of science.

B2 verb /ˈrɛkən/

reckon

Meaning

To think, believe, or expect something; to calculate or estimate.

Example

I reckon it will rain later today.

B2 noun /roʊˈteɪʃən/

Rotation

Meaning

the action of rotating around an axis or center; a single turn

Example

The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours to complete.

B2 noun, verb /ræŋks/

ranks

Meaning

Positions within a group, especially in a hierarchy or organization.

Example

He quickly moved up the ranks of the army.

B2 noun/adjective /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

republican

Meaning

a member or supporter of a republican political party or system

Example

The republican candidate won the election.

B2 verb /rɪˈkɜːr/

recur

Meaning

to happen again, especially repeatedly or at regular intervals

Example

The headache tends to recur every few weeks.

B2 noun /rɪˈbel.jən/

Rebellion

Meaning

an act of armed resistance to an established government or leader

Example

The rebellion against the king lasted for three years.

B2 adjective /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Rational

Meaning

based on reason and logic; sensible and practical

Example

She made a rational decision based on the available facts.

B2 verb /rɪˈzɜːv/

reserve

Meaning

to keep something for future use; to book in advance

Example

I want to reserve a table for dinner.

B2 noun /rɪˈlʌk.təns/

Reluctance

Meaning

unwillingness to do something; hesitation

Example

He showed reluctance to accept the job offer.

B2 noun /ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən/

Repetition

Meaning

the action of repeating something that has already been said or written

Example

Constant repetition helps students memorize vocabulary effectively.

B2 noun /rɪˈstreɪnt/

Restraint

Meaning

the action of keeping someone or something under control; self-control

Example

She showed great restraint in not responding to the criticism.

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zɪnz/

Raisins

Meaning

dried grapes, often used in cooking and baking

Example

She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.

B2 noun /ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən/

revelation

Meaning

A surprising and previously unknown fact, especially one made known in a dramatic way.

Example

The book was full of shocking revelations about the politician.

B2 noun /rɪˈvendʒ/

Revenge

Meaning

the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands

Example

She sought revenge against those who betrayed her trust.

B2 adjective ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i

revolutionary

Meaning

Involving or causing a complete or dramatic change.

Example

Revolutionary ideas are reshaping the industry.

B2 noun /ˈrɛlɪvənsi/

relevancy

Meaning

the quality of being closely connected or appropriate

Example

The professor questioned the relevancy of the example to the topic.

B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪn.dər/

Remainder

Meaning

the part that is left over; what remains after the other parts have been taken away

Example

The remainder of the food was stored in the refrigerator.

B2 noun /ˌreɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃənz/

regulations

Meaning

Rules or directives made and maintained by an authority.

Example

Strict regulations ensure fair practices.

B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning

to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.

Example

He rambled on about his childhood for hours.

B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

Meaning

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition

Example

Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.

B2 adjective /rɪˈliːvd/

relieved

Meaning

feeling happy and less worried after something stressful has been removed or resolved

Example

She felt relieved after hearing the good news.

B2 noun ˈrɛstɪŋ pleɪs

resting place

Meaning

A place where someone or something rests, especially a burial site.

Example

The resting place of the martyrs is near the river.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪdən/

ridden

Meaning

Full of or dominated by something unpleasant.

Example

The country was ridden with corruption.

B2 adjective /ˈrest.ləs/

Restless

Meaning

unable to rest or relax; constantly moving or fidgeting

Example

The child was restless during the long car journey.

B2 verb /ˈrʌm.bəl/

rumble

Meaning

to make a continuous deep, resonant sound

Example

Thunder rumbled in the distance.

B2 noun/verb /ræft/

raft

Meaning

A flat structure made of logs or planks tied together, used as a boat or floating platform; to travel or transport on such a structure.

Example

They built a raft to cross the river.

B2 noun /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

reasoning

Meaning

the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgment

Example

Her reasoning for leaving was clear and logical.

B2 noun /ˈruːdnəs/

Rudeness

Meaning

the quality of being impolite, discourteous, or offensive in behavior or speech

Example

His rudeness shocked everyone at the dinner party.

B2 verb /ˌriːəˈreɪndʒ/

rearrange

Meaning

to change the order or position of something

Example

She decided to rearrange the furniture in her living room.

B2 noun /ˈrɔɪəlti/

royalty

Meaning

Members of a royal family or payment made to the owner of a patent, copyright, or natural resource.

Example

The author receives a royalty for every book sold.

B2 noun /ˈreɪsɪzəm/

racism

Meaning

the belief that some races are superior to others, leading to unfair treatment or prejudice

Example

The organization works to eliminate racism in all forms.

B2 adverb /ˈraɪtli/

Rightly

Meaning

correctly; properly; justly

Example

She rightly pointed out the mistakes in the report.

B2 adjective /rɪˈfaɪnd/

Refined

Meaning

elegant and cultured in appearance, manner, or taste; purified

Example

She has very refined taste in art and music.

B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪnz/

remains

Meaning

the parts, pieces, or substances that are left after the rest has been used or removed

Example

The remains of the meal were left on the table.

B2 adjective /rɪˈfreʃ.ɪŋ/

Refreshing

Meaning

making one feel energized and renewed; pleasantly new or different

Example

The cool breeze was refreshing after the hot day.

B2 noun /ˈraɪət/

Riot

Meaning

a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd; an uncontrolled outburst

Example

The peaceful protest turned into a riot when violence broke out.

B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/

resilient

Meaning

Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.

Example

Resilient materials ensure durability.

B2 noun /rɪm/

rim

Meaning

the outer edge or border of a circular object

Example

The coffee cup had a chip on its rim.

B2 adjective ˌriːprəˈdʌktɪv

reproductive

Meaning

Relating to the reproduction of offspring.

Example

The reproductive cycle of pests can cause rapid infestations.