B2 noun /ræɡ/

Rag

Meaning

a piece of old cloth used for cleaning; worn-out clothing

Example

She used an old rag to clean the dusty table.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪtʃ.u.əl/

Ritual

Meaning

relating to religious or ceremonial practices

Example

The wedding ceremony included many traditional ritual elements.

B2 noun /ˌriː.əˈʃʊr.əns/

Reassurance

Meaning

comfort or confidence given to someone to remove their fears or doubts

Example

She needed reassurance that everything would be okay.

B2 noun /rɪˈdʒɛkʃən/

rejection

Meaning

the action of refusing or dismissing something or someone

Example

Her rejection of the offer surprised everyone.

B2 adjective /rɪˈmuːvəbəl/

removable

Meaning

able to be removed or taken away

Example

This phone has a removable battery.

B2 noun /ˈreɪn.dʒər/

ranger

Meaning

A person responsible for protecting and managing forests, parks, or natural areas.

Example

The park ranger guided the tourists through the forest trail.

B2 noun, verb /rɪˈzɔːrt/

resort

Meaning

A place for rest or recreation; to turn to something for help or solution.

Example

They stayed at a beach resort during their vacation.

B2 noun /rɪˈstreɪnt/

Restraint

Meaning

the action of keeping someone or something under control; self-control

Example

She showed great restraint in not responding to the criticism.

B2 noun /ˈraɪvəl/

Rival

Meaning

a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field

Example

The two companies have been business rivals for decades.

B2 adjective /rɪˈlʌktənt/

Reluctant

Meaning

unwilling; hesitant; disinclined to do something;

Example

She was reluctant to share her personal information.

B2 noun /rɪˈvaɪ.vəl/

Revival

Meaning

an improvement in the condition or strength of something; renewed interest in or attention to something

Example

There has been a revival of interest in traditional crafts.

B2 adjective ˈræd.ɪ.kəl

radical

Meaning

Capable of bringing fundamental changes opposite to conventional beliefs or systems.

Example

The leader proposed radical economic reforms.

B2 verb /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/

reinforce

Meaning

To strengthen or support something with additional material, people, or effort.

Example

The teacher used examples to reinforce the lesson.

B2 adjective rəʊˈbʌst

robust

Meaning

Strong and healthy; vigorous; able to withstand or overcome adverse conditions.

Example

The robust infrastructure ensures reliable communication.

B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/

resilient

Meaning

Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.

Example

Resilient materials ensure durability.

B2 adjective /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

Reserved

Meaning

slow to reveal emotion or opinions; restrained in manner

Example

She is quite reserved and doesn't talk much in meetings.

B2 noun/adjective /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

republican

Meaning

a member or supporter of a republican political party or system

Example

The republican candidate won the election.

B2 noun /ˈrɛzərvwɑːr/

reservoir

Meaning

A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

Example

The city built a new reservoir to ensure enough drinking water for its residents.

B2 noun /ˈraɪfəl/

Rifle

Meaning

a gun with a long barrel that is fired from the shoulder

Example

The soldier carried a rifle during the mission.

B2 verb /rɪˈzɜːv/

reserve

Meaning

to keep something for future use; to book in advance

Example

I want to reserve a table for dinner.

B2 noun ˈrɛstɪŋ pleɪs

resting place

Meaning

A place where someone or something rests, especially a burial site.

Example

The resting place of the martyrs is near the river.

B2 verb /rɪˈstrɪkt/

restrict

Meaning

To limit the size, amount, or range of something.

Example

The government decided to restrict the use of plastic bags.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪdən/

ridden

Meaning

Full of or dominated by something unpleasant.

Example

The country was ridden with corruption.

B2 verb /riːˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

reorganize

Meaning

to arrange something again in a different way for greater efficiency or order

Example

The manager decided to reorganize the team structure.

B2 verb /ˌriː.kənˈstrʌkt/

reconstruct

Meaning

to build or form something again after it has been damaged or destroyed

Example

The city was reconstructed after the earthquake.

B2 noun /ræk/

Rack

Meaning

a framework or structure for holding or storing things

Example

She hung her coat on the rack by the door.

B2 noun /ˈrɪk.ʃɔː/

Rickshaw

Meaning

a light two-wheeled passenger vehicle drawn by one or more people

Example

We took a rickshaw to reach the busy marketplace.

B2 noun /ˌrezəˈveɪʃən/

Reservation

Meaning

the action of reserving something; an arrangement whereby something is reserved for a particular person; a qualification to an expression of agreement or approval

Example

I made a reservation at the restaurant for tonight.

B2 verb /ˈrɛkən/

reckon

Meaning

To think, believe, or expect something; to calculate or estimate.

Example

I reckon it will rain later today.

B2 adjective ˌriːprəˈdʌktɪv

reproductive

Meaning

Relating to the reproduction of offspring.

Example

The reproductive cycle of pests can cause rapid infestations.

B2 noun /ˈreɪtɪŋ/

rating

Meaning

an evaluation or assessment, usually numerical

Example

The movie received a high rating from critics.

B2 verb /ˈruːɪn/

ruin

Meaning

to destroy or damage beyond repair; to spoil completely

Example

Heavy rain could ruin our picnic plans.

B2 adverb /ˈred.ɪ.li/

Readily

Meaning

willingly; easily; without hesitation

Example

She readily agreed to help with the project.

B2 noun /ˈraɪvəlri/

Rivalry

Meaning

competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field; the state of being rivals

Example

The rivalry between the two teams made the match exciting.

B2 noun /ˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

regulation

Meaning

A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.

Example

Government regulation ensures fair business practices.

B2 noun /ræntʃ/

ranch

Meaning

a large farm where animals such as cattle or sheep are raised

Example

They own a huge cattle ranch in Texas.

B2 noun /ˈrɪb.ən/

ribbon

Meaning

a long, narrow strip of fabric used for tying or decoration

Example

She tied her hair with a red ribbon.

B2 noun /ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/

representation

Meaning

the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something

Example

Her representation of the team was impeccable.

B2 verb /rɪˈfreɪn/

refrain

Meaning

To hold oneself back from doing something.

Example

Please refrain from smoking in this area.

B2 noun, verb, adjective /ræŋk/

rank

Meaning

A position in a hierarchy; to place in order according to importance or quality.

Example

She quickly rose to a senior rank in the company.

B2 noun /ˈrɪdəl/

Riddle

Meaning

a question or statement intentionally phrased so as to require ingenuity in ascertaining its answer or meaning; a puzzle

Example

The ancient riddle stumped all the scholars for years.

B2 noun /ˈruːlɪŋ/

ruling

Meaning

an official decision made by a judge or authority.

Example

The court’s ruling favored the defendant.

B2 verb /ˈreɡjəleɪt/

regulate

Meaning

to control or maintain according to rules or laws

Example

The government regulates food safety.

B2 noun /ˈrɒbəɹi/

robbery

Meaning

the crime of stealing from someone or somewhere using force or threat

Example

The police are investigating the robbery at the local store.

B2 noun /ˌreɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃənz/

regulations

Meaning

Rules or directives made and maintained by an authority.

Example

Strict regulations ensure fair practices.

B2 noun ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən

restoration

Meaning

The process of returning something to its former condition.

Example

The restoration of the forest began after decades of neglect.

B2 verb /rɪˈzaɪd/

reside

Meaning

to live or dwell in a particular place

Example

They reside in a large house near the river.

B2 adverb /rɪˈlʌk.tənt.li/

Reluctantly

Meaning

in an unwilling manner; with hesitation or resistance

Example

She reluctantly agreed to help with the project.

B2 adjective /rɪˈfreʃ.ɪŋ/

Refreshing

Meaning

making one feel energized and renewed; pleasantly new or different

Example

The cool breeze was refreshing after the hot day.

B2 verb /ˌriːəˈʃʊr/

reassure

Meaning

to say or do something to remove someone's doubts or fears

Example

The teacher reassured the students before the exam.

B2 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃənz

revolutions

Meaning

Dramatic and wide-reaching changes in political, social, or economic systems, often involving the overthrow of a government or social order.

Example

Revolutions often lead to significant societal changes.

B2 adjective /rɪˈliːvd/

relieved

Meaning

feeling happy and less worried after something stressful has been removed or resolved

Example

She felt relieved after hearing the good news.

B2 noun /rɪb/

Rib

Meaning

one of the curved bones that protect the chest and lungs

Example

He broke his rib in the accident.

B2 adjective /ˈrest.ləs/

Restless

Meaning

unable to rest or relax; constantly moving or fidgeting

Example

The child was restless during the long car journey.

B2 verb /rɪˈfaɪn/

refine

Meaning

to improve by making small changes; to purify

Example

The chef refines the recipe to perfection.

B2 verb /rɒt/

rot

Meaning

to decay or decompose; to become corrupt

Example

The fruit will rot if left in the sun.

B2 verb /rɪˈliːv/

relieve

Meaning

to make pain, distress, or difficulty less severe or serious

Example

The medicine helped relieve his headache.

B2 verb /rɪˈkɔːl/

recall

Meaning

to bring (a memory, fact, or situation) back into one's mind

Example

I can't recall the last time we met.

B2 noun /ˌreɡ.jʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

Regularity

Meaning

the quality of being regular; occurring at fixed intervals or in a consistent pattern

Example

The regularity of his exercise routine helped him stay healthy.

B2 noun /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs.mənt/

reinforcement

Meaning

Strengthening or supporting something, especially behavior or learning.

Example

Positive reinforcement helps in learning.

B2 noun /rɪˈsɛs/

recess

Meaning

A short break from work or school; also a small space set back in a wall.

Example

The children played outside during recess.

B2 adjective /ˈrek.ləs/

Reckless

Meaning

acting without thinking about consequences; careless; dangerous;

Example

His reckless driving caused a serious accident.

B2 noun /rɪˈvendʒ/

Revenge

Meaning

the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands

Example

She sought revenge against those who betrayed her trust.

B2 adverb /ruːˈtiːnli/

routinely

Meaning

as part of a regular procedure; habitually

Example

The staff routinely checks the equipment for safety.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪɡ.ər.əs/

rigorous

Meaning

Extremely thorough and demanding in analysis or practice.

Example

A rigorous study plan helps students achieve better results.

B2 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrsfəl/

resourceful

Meaning

Having the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties.

Example

She is very resourceful when it comes to solving unexpected problems.

B2 noun /ˈrʊki/

rookie

Meaning

a person who is new to an activity or organization; a beginner

Example

The rookie policeman made a few mistakes on his first day.

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zər/

Razor

Meaning

a sharp-edged instrument used for shaving hair from the skin

Example

He shaved his beard with a sharp razor.

B2 adverb /rɪˈɡɑrdləs/

regardless

Meaning

without paying attention to the current situation or condition

Example

She will go to the party regardless of the weather.

B2 noun /rɪˈfjuː.zəl/

Refusal

Meaning

the act of saying no to something or not accepting something

Example

His refusal to cooperate made the project more difficult.

B2 adverb /ˈræp.ɪd.li/

Rapidly

Meaning

at a fast speed; quickly

Example

The company is rapidly expanding into new markets.

B2 noun /ˈriːteɪlər/

retailer

Meaning

a person or business that sells goods to consumers rather than to other businesses

Example

The retailer offers discounts on electronic products.

B2 noun /rɪˈzembləns/

Resemblance

Meaning

the state of being alike or similar; similarity in appearance or character

Example

There's a strong resemblance between the two sisters.

B2 noun rɪˈkruːt.mənt

recruitment

Meaning

The action of finding new people to join an organization or support a cause.

Example

Recruitment strengthens the workforce.

B2 noun /ˈrɛlɪvənsi/

relevancy

Meaning

the quality of being closely connected or appropriate

Example

The professor questioned the relevancy of the example to the topic.

B2 noun /rɪˈlʌk.təns/

Reluctance

Meaning

unwillingness to do something; hesitation

Example

He showed reluctance to accept the job offer.

B2 noun /ˈrɔɪəlti/

royalty

Meaning

Members of a royal family or payment made to the owner of a patent, copyright, or natural resource.

Example

The author receives a royalty for every book sold.

B2 noun rɪˈpʌb.lɪk

republic

Meaning

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

Example

A republic is governed by representatives of the people.

B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstənt/

resistant

Meaning

not affected by something; able to oppose or withstand

Example

This fabric is resistant to water and stains.

B2 noun /ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən/

Repetition

Meaning

the action of repeating something that has already been said or written

Example

Constant repetition helps students memorize vocabulary effectively.

B2 verb /rɪˈstreɪn/

restrain

Meaning

to hold back or control; to limit or restrict

Example

Please restrain your dog.

B2 noun /rɪˈfɔːr.mər/

Reformer

Meaning

a person who works to bring about positive changes in society or institutions

Example

The social reformer dedicated her life to improving education for all children.

B2 adjective /rɪˈflektɪv/

Reflective

Meaning

thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images

Example

After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.

B2 noun /rɪˈmuː.vəl/

Removal

Meaning

the action of taking something away or eliminating it; dismissal from office

Example

The removal of the old furniture took all day.

B2 adjective /rɪˈspek.tə.bəl/

Respectable

Meaning

worthy of respect; having good reputation; decent

Example

He comes from a respectable family in the community.

B2 adjective /rɪˈstrɪk.tɪd/

Restricted

Meaning

limited or controlled; subject to restrictions

Example

Access to this area is restricted to authorized personnel only.

B2 noun /ˌrɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

realization

Meaning

the act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact

Example

Her realization of the problem helped solve the issue.

B2 noun ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn

reconstruction

Meaning

The action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed.

Example

The reconstruction project took years.

B2 noun/verb /ræft/

raft

Meaning

A flat structure made of logs or planks tied together, used as a boat or floating platform; to travel or transport on such a structure.

Example

They built a raft to cross the river.

B2 adjective rɪˈnaʊnd

renowned

Meaning

Known or talked about by many people; famous.

Example

The renowned scientist led the reform panel.

B2 noun /ˈrækɪt/

racket

Meaning

A piece of equipment used to hit the ball in sports like tennis or badminton; also a loud noise or an illegal scheme.

Example

He bought a new tennis racket for the match.

B2 noun /roʊˈteɪʃən/

Rotation

Meaning

the action of rotating around an axis or center; a single turn

Example

The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours to complete.

B2 verb /rɪˈsaɪt/

recite

Meaning

To say aloud something learned, especially poetry or text, from memory.

Example

The child recited a poem in front of the class.

B2 noun /rʌst/

Rust

Meaning

reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by oxidation; corrosion

Example

The old car was covered in rust after years of neglect.

B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪnz/

remains

Meaning

the parts, pieces, or substances that are left after the rest has been used or removed

Example

The remains of the meal were left on the table.

B2 verb /rɪˈzɛmbəl/

resemble

Meaning

to look like or be similar to something or someone

Example

She resembles her mother in both appearance and mannerisms.

B2 verb /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

rejoice

Meaning

to feel or show great joy; to celebrate

Example

The family rejoices at the good news.

B2 adjective /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/

renewable

Meaning

Able to be renewed or replaced naturally; not depleted when used.

Example

Renewable resources minimize environmental damage.

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zən/

Raisin

Meaning

dried grape

Example

She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.

B2 verb /ˈroʊ.teɪt/

rotate

Meaning

to turn around a central point or axis

Example

The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours.

B2 adjective /rɪˈspɒn.sɪv/

Responsive

Meaning

reacting quickly and positively; readily reacting to suggestions or changes

Example

The website is very responsive and loads quickly on all devices.

B2 verb /ˈrɛnəˌveɪt/

renovate

Meaning

to restore something old to a good state or to improve it

Example

They decided to renovate the old house before moving in.

B2 verb /ˈrʌm.bəl/

rumble

Meaning

to make a continuous deep, resonant sound

Example

Thunder rumbled in the distance.

B2 verb /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/

reproduce

Meaning

To make a copy of something; to generate offspring.

Example

Many animals reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions.

B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

Meaning

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition

Example

Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.

B2 noun /rɪˈhɜːr.səl/

Rehearsal

Meaning

a practice performance of a play, concert, or other work for later public performance

Example

The final rehearsal before opening night went perfectly.

B2 adverb /rɪˈpɔːtɪdli/

reportedly

Meaning

according to what is said or believed, although not confirmed

Example

The company has reportedly agreed to the new terms.

B2 verb /reɪp/

rape

Meaning

to force someone to have sexual intercourse without their consent

Example

The law strictly punishes those who commit rape.

B2 noun /ˈræŋkɪŋ/

ranking

Meaning

a position in a list or hierarchy, especially in terms of performance or importance

Example

His ranking in the competition improved after each round.

B2 verb /ˈreɪn.dʒɪŋ/

ranging

Meaning

Extending or varying between limits.

Example

The temperatures are ranging from 15 to 30 degrees this week.

B2 noun /ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən/

revelation

Meaning

A surprising and previously unknown fact, especially one made known in a dramatic way.

Example

The book was full of shocking revelations about the politician.

B2 noun rɪˈsɛʃ.ən

recession

Meaning

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.

Example

The country faced a severe recession due to the financial crisis.

B2 adjective /ˈreɪʃəl/

racial

Meaning

relating to a race of people

Example

Racial equality is an important issue in many societies.

B2 noun /roʊst/

Roast

Meaning

Meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over an open fire

Example

The Sunday roast was perfectly cooked and very tender.

B2 noun /ˌrɛfəˈriː/

referee

Meaning

a person who oversees a game or match to ensure the rules are followed

Example

The referee stopped the game after a foul.

B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

Meaning

to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed

Example

The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.

B2 verb /rɪˈtriːv/

retrieve

Meaning

to get something back that was lost or taken; to recover

Example

She managed to retrieve her lost phone from the taxi.

B2 noun /ˈraɪdər/

rider

Meaning

A person who rides a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle.

Example

The rider fell off the horse.

B2 adjective /ˈruːθ.ləs/

Ruthless

Meaning

showing no pity or compassion; cruel; merciless

Example

The ruthless dictator showed no mercy to his enemies.

B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning

to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.

Example

He rambled on about his childhood for hours.

B2 verb /reɪd/

raid

Meaning

to attack suddenly; to search and seize

Example

Police raid the illegal gambling house.