modernization
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B2 noun /ˌmɒd.ən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

modernization

Meaning
The process of adapting something to modern needs or habits.
Example
Modernization of industries reduces pollution.
B2 noun /ˈmɔːl.tə/

Malta

Meaning
a sweet citrus fruit similar to orange, also known as blood orange or sweet orange
Example
Malta is a popular citrus fruit in Bangladesh known for its sweet taste and high vitamin C content.
B2 noun ˈmɒn.ɪ.tər.ɪŋ

monitoring

Meaning
The action of observing and checking the progress or quality of something over a period of time.
Example
Monitoring ensures compliance with standards.
B2 adjective ˈmem.ər.ə.bəl

memorable

Meaning
Worth remembering or easily remembered, especially because of being special or unusual.
Example
Memorable events inspire generations.
B2 verb /mɔːrn/

mourn

Meaning
To feel or express deep sadness or grief, especially because of someone's death.
Example
They gathered to mourn the loss of their friend.
B2 noun /məˈræl.ə.ti/

Morality

Meaning
principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong behavior
Example
The debate focused on the morality of the decision.
B2 adjective /ˌmiː.diˈiː.vəl/

medieval

Meaning
Relating to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from about the 5th to the 15th century.
Example
The castle is a famous medieval monument.
B2 noun /ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi/

methodology

Meaning
A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.
Example
The research was conducted using a new methodology.
B2 noun /mɪkst ˈkʌlər/

Mixed colour

Meaning
a color created by combining two or more different colors
Example
The mixed colour created a beautiful gradient on the canvas.
B2 noun /mɪnt/

Mint

Meaning
An aromatic plant used for flavoring; also a place where money is manufactured
Example
She added fresh mint leaves to the tea for a refreshing taste.
B2 noun /ˈmɪsaɪl/ or /ˈmɪsəl/

missile

Meaning
a weapon that is self-propelled and directed toward a target
Example
The army launched a missile towards the enemy base.
B2 noun /ˈmɒtəʊ/

motto

Meaning
A short sentence or phrase that expresses a guiding belief or principle.
Example
Her motto in life is 'never give up.'
B2 noun /mɒsk/

mosque

Meaning
A Muslim place of worship.
Example
They gathered at the mosque for the Friday prayer.
B2 verb /ˈmɑːdɪfaɪ/

modify

Meaning
to change or alter something; to make partial changes
Example
We need to modify the plan to include more details.
B2 noun /ˈmʊzlɪm/

muslim

Meaning
a follower of Islam
Example
He is a devout Muslim.
B2 noun /ˈmɛr.ɪt/

Merit

Meaning
The quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially deserving praise, reward, or attention
Example
She was promoted based on her merit and hard work.
B2 adjective ˈmɒn.ɪ.tri

monetary

Meaning
Relating to money or currency.
Example
The monetary implications are significant for investors.
B2 adjective məˈriːn

marine

Meaning
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the sea; living or growing in the sea.
Example
Marine ecosystems are highly sensitive to human activity.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪd.əl.eɪdʒd/

Middle-aged

Meaning
being of an age between young and old; typically between 40-60 years old
Example
The middle-aged man started a new career.
B2 noun /mɪˈθɒlədʒi/

mythology

Meaning
A collection of myths, especially belonging to a particular culture or religion.
Example
Greek mythology is filled with stories of gods and heroes.
B2 noun /ˈmɒdjuːl/

module

Meaning
a self-contained unit of a course or system, typically part of a larger whole
Example
The module on machine learning was difficult but informative.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnə(r)/

miner

Meaning
a person who works in a mine, extracting minerals or other resources
Example
The miner worked in the coal mine for many years.
B2 adverb /ˈmen.tə.li/

Mentally

Meaning
relating to the mind; in terms of mental processes
Example
She was mentally preparing herself for the exam.
B2 noun /ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/

molecule

Meaning
The smallest unit of a chemical compound that retains its chemical properties.
Example
A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
B2 noun /ˈmʌð.ər.hʊd/

Motherhood

Meaning
the state of being a mother; the qualities of a mother
Example
She embraced the joys and challenges of motherhood.
B2 noun məˈmɔːriəl

memorial

Meaning
A structure or building made to remind people of a person or event.
Example
Thousands gather at the National Memorial.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪ.ɡrənt/

migrant

Meaning
A person who moves from one place to another, especially to find work or better living conditions.
Example
Many migrants travel long distances to find employment.
B2 adverb /ˈmɒdərətli/

moderately

Meaning
to a reasonable extent, not excessively
Example
She exercises moderately to stay healthy.
B2 noun /məʊˈbɪləti/

mobility

Meaning
The ability to move or be moved freely and easily; the quality of being mobile.
Example
The mobility of workers is essential for the success of the project.
B2 noun /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

manufacturing

Meaning
the process of making products on a large scale using machinery
Example
The country is investing heavily in the manufacturing sector.
B2 adjective /ˈmaɪti/

mighty

Meaning
having great power or strength; very strong or impressive
Example
The mighty river flows through the heart of the country.
B2 adjective /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/

mathematical

Meaning
relating to mathematics or the use of mathematics
Example
The mathematical equation was difficult to solve.
B2 adverb /ˈmɪərli/

merely

Meaning
Only; nothing more than.
Example
She was merely trying to help.
B2 noun /ˈmæt.rəs/

Mattress

Meaning
a large rectangular pad for supporting the reclining body, used as or on a bed
Example
We bought a new mattress for our bedroom.
B2 adverb /mɪdst/

Midst

Meaning
in the middle of; among
Example
She stood in the midst of the crowd.
B2 adjective /ˈmæn.ju.əl/

Manual

Meaning
done by hand; operated by hand; not automatic
Example
This is a manual process that requires careful attention.
B2 verb /maɪˈɡreɪt/

migrate

Meaning
To move from one region or habitat to another, especially regularly according to the seasons or for work.
Example
Birds migrate south during the winter.
B2 noun /mæt/

Mat

Meaning
a piece of coarse material placed on a floor for people to wipe their feet on
Example
Please wipe your feet on the mat before entering.
B2 adverb /ˈmæn.ju.ə.li/

Manually

Meaning
by hand; using physical effort rather than machines
Example
The data was entered manually into the system.
B2 noun /ˈmʌð.ər.lænd/

Motherland

Meaning
the country where one was born or has citizenship; homeland
Example
He always spoke fondly of his motherland.
B2 noun ˈmʌltiˌtɑːskɪŋ

multitasking

Meaning
The performance of more than one task at the same time
Example
Multitasking reduces efficiency.
B2 noun /meɪz/

Maze

Meaning
A network of paths designed as a puzzle; a confusing situation
Example
The children got lost in the corn maze at the harvest festival.
B2 verb /mɒk/

mock

Meaning
To make fun of someone or something in a cruel or unkind way.
Example
The students mocked his accent during class.
B2 verb /ˈmɑː.vəl/

marvel

Meaning
To be filled with wonder or astonishment.
Example
People marvel at their surroundings.
B2 adjective /ˈmɛʒərd/

measured

Meaning
carefully considered and deliberate
Example
She spoke in a calm, measured tone.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnd.fʊl.nəs/

mindfulness

Meaning
The basic human ability to be fully present, aware of where we are and what we're doing.
Example
Mindfulness practices improve focus and emotional balance.
B2 noun /ˈmɑːrkɪtˌpleɪs/

marketplace

Meaning
a place where goods and services are bought and sold; an open area for trade
Example
The town's marketplace is crowded every Friday morning.
B2 noun /ˈmɔɪs.tʃər/

Moisture

Meaning
water or dampness that exists in small amounts in the air or on a surface
Example
The skin cream helps retain moisture.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

mining

Meaning
the process of extracting valuable minerals or other resources from the earth
Example
Mining in this area has increased in recent years.
B2 noun /ˈməʊtərɪst/

motorist

Meaning
a person who drives a motor vehicle, especially a car or motorcycle
Example
The motorist stopped to help after seeing the accident on the highway.
B2 adjective /ˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Manageable

Meaning
able to be controlled or dealt with; feasible
Example
The workload is manageable if we plan properly.
B2 adverb /mɔːrˈoʊvər/

moreover

Meaning
Used to add information that supports or emphasizes what has already been said.
Example
The job is challenging; moreover, it requires excellent communication skills.
B2 noun /ˈmʌtn/

Mutton

Meaning
meat from an adult sheep; lamb meat
Example
The restaurant serves delicious mutton curry with rice.
B2 noun /menˈtæləti/

Mentality

Meaning
The characteristic attitude of mind or way of thinking of a person or group
Example
The team needs to develop a winning mentality to succeed.
B2 noun ˈmɪdl klæs

middle-class

Meaning
The social group between the upper and working classes, typically consisting of well-educated people.
Example
The middle-class was largely affected by the decision.
B2 noun /ˈmæstəri/

Mastery

Meaning
Great skill or expertise in a subject or activity
Example
His mastery of the violin impressed audiences around the world.
B2 noun /ˈmɜːrtʃənt/

merchant

Meaning
a person or company involved in the trade of goods, especially in large quantities
Example
The merchant sold spices from distant lands.
B2 verb /ˈmɑːdərət/

moderate

Meaning
to make less extreme or intense; to control or preside over
Example
She moderated the heated debate between the candidates.
B2 noun /mɪl/

mill

Meaning
a building equipped with machinery for grinding grain or manufacturing goods
Example
The old flour mill has been converted into a museum.
B2 verb /mɜːrdʒ/

merge

Meaning
to combine or join together; to blend into one
Example
The two companies decided to merge to increase their market share.
B2 adjective /mɑːrkt/

Marked

Meaning
clearly noticeable; distinct; obvious
Example
There was a marked improvement in her performance.
B2 noun /ˈmɑːrkər/

marker

Meaning
an object used to indicate a position, place, or boundary; a pen with a thick tip used for writing or drawing
Example
He used a red marker to underline the important points.
B2 adjective /məˈkænɪkəl/

mechanical

Meaning
relating to machines or the way they work
Example
She has a good understanding of mechanical systems.
B2 adjective /ˈmʌd.i/

muddy

Meaning
covered in or full of mud; unclear or confused
Example
The children came back with muddy shoes after playing outside.
B2 noun /ˈmɜːrsi/

Mercy

Meaning
Compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom it is in one's power to punish
Example
The judge showed mercy and gave him a lighter sentence.
B2 adjective /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/

Mutual

Meaning
shared by two or more parties; reciprocal
Example
They have a mutual respect for each other.
B2 noun /ˈmɒdəreɪtər/

moderator

Meaning
A person who leads or oversees discussions, debates, or forums to maintain order.
Example
The moderator asked each panelist to share their views.
B2 adjective /mjuːt/

Mute

Meaning
silent; unable to speak; without sound
Example
He remained mute during the entire meeting.
B2 noun /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

manipulation

Meaning
The action of manipulating someone or something in a skillful manner; handling or controlling in a subtle, unfair, or unscrupulous way.
Example
Media manipulation influences public opinion.
B2 noun /məˈlɛəriə/

malaria

Meaning
a serious infectious disease spread by mosquitoes, causing fever, chills, and sweating
Example
Malaria is a common disease in tropical regions.
B2 noun /məˈʃiː.nər.i/

machinery

Meaning
machines collectively, or the parts of a machine; also, the system or process by which something works
Example
The factory invested in new machinery to increase production.
B2 noun /ˈmeɪnˌlænd/

mainland

Meaning
the principal landmass of a country or continent, as opposed to the surrounding islands
Example
The mainland of Australia is home to most of its population.
B2 verb /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/

misuse

Meaning
To use something incorrectly or for the wrong purpose.
Example
Misusing social media profiles can harm relationships.
B2 noun /ˈmeɪnstriːm/

mainstream

Meaning
the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional; the dominant trend in opinion or fashion
Example
Social media has become a mainstream source of news for many people.
B2 adjective /ˌmʌl.tiˈpɜː.pəs/

Multipurpose

Meaning
having multiple uses or functions; versatile
Example
This multipurpose tool can be used as a knife, screwdriver, and bottle opener.
B2 noun ˈme.trɪks

metrics

Meaning
A system or standard of measurement; a set of numbers that give information about a particular process or activity.
Example
Metrics are crucial for evaluating performance.
B2 noun /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

mechanism

Meaning
A system of parts working together in a machine; a process or technique for achieving something.
Example
The mechanism of the clock stopped working after years of use.
B2 adjective /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/

magnetic

Meaning
having the power to attract metal objects or to attract people or things in a strong way
Example
The magnetic field of the Earth protects us from harmful solar radiation.
B2 noun /ˌmɪs.bɪˈheɪ.vjər/

Misbehaviour

Meaning
Bad or unacceptable behavior, especially by children or in formal situations
Example
The student was punished for his misbehaviour in class.
B2 adjective /məˈtjʊr/

mature

Meaning
fully developed or grown, especially emotionally or intellectually
Example
She has become a mature and confident leader.
B2 adjective /mɪsˈliːdɪŋ/

misleading

Meaning
giving the wrong idea or impression
Example
The advertisement was misleading and gave false information.
B2 noun /ˈmɛr.meɪd/

Mermaid

Meaning
A mythical sea creature with the head and torso of a woman and the tail of a fish
Example
The little girl loved stories about mermaids living under the sea.
B2 verb /maʊnt/

mount

Meaning
to climb up, rise, or fix something in place
Example
They plan to mount a camera on the wall.
B2 adjective /ˈmaɪnd.fəl/

Mindful

Meaning
being conscious or aware; paying attention to the present moment
Example
She is always mindful of her surroundings and pays attention to details.
B2 noun /ˈmæstərpiːs/

Masterpiece

Meaning
A work of outstanding artistry, skill, or workmanship
Example
The Mona Lisa is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of all time.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/

Mischievous

Meaning
playfully naughty; causing minor trouble; impish
Example
The mischievous child hid his sister's favorite toy.
B2 noun ˈmɛn.təl ˈfoʊ.kəs

mental focus

Meaning
The ability to concentrate deeply on a specific task or thought; mental concentration and attention.
Example
Meditation improves mental focus and cognitive performance.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪnɪməl/

minimal

Meaning
the smallest or least amount possible
Example
The damage to the car was minimal after the accident.
B2 noun /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən/

medication

Meaning
a drug or other form of medicine used to treat or prevent disease
Example
The doctor prescribed medication for his headache.
B2 noun /məˈskiː.toʊ net/

Mosquito-net

Meaning
a fine mesh fabric used to cover beds or windows to keep mosquitoes and other insects out
Example
We use a mosquito net to protect ourselves from insect bites.
B2 adverb /ˈmɔːrəli/

Morally

Meaning
in accordance with principles of right and wrong behavior; ethically
Example
She felt morally obligated to help the refugees.
B2 noun məˈtæb.əl.ɪ.zəm

metabolism

Meaning
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Example
Exercise boosts metabolism and burns calories.
B2 verb /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃər/

manufacture

Meaning
to produce goods in large quantities using machinery; to make or create something
Example
The company manufactures electronic devices for global markets.
B2 noun /mɑːrz/

Mars

Meaning
The fourth planet from the Sun; the Roman god of war
Example
Scientists are planning a manned mission to Mars in the next decade.
B2 noun ˈmɒn.ə.ki

monarchy

Meaning
A form of government with a monarch at the head, where supreme power is held by a single person such as a king or queen.
Example
The monarchy was abolished during the revolution.
B2 noun /ˈmɛtəfɔːr/

metaphor

Meaning
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable.
Example
Time is a thief is a common metaphor for how quickly life passes.
B2 noun /ˈmɑːrbəl/

marble

Meaning
a hard, smooth stone used in building and sculpture, often white with colored lines
Example
The floor of the palace was made of white marble.
B2 adjective /ˌmɛtrəˈpɑːlɪtən/

metropolitan

Meaning
Relating to a large city, its surrounding areas, or its lifestyle.
Example
She moved to a metropolitan area for better job opportunities.
B2 noun /ˈmæd.nəs/

Madness

Meaning
the state of being mentally ill, especially severely; extremely foolish behavior
Example
It would be madness to drive in this storm.
B2 noun /ˈmʌs.tərd/

Mustard

Meaning
A pungent seed or condiment made from ground mustard seeds
Example
She added mustard seeds to the curry for extra flavor.
B2 noun /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪvjər/

misbehavior

Meaning
bad or improper behavior
Example
The teacher punished the student for his misbehavior.
B2 verb ম্যানিফেস্ট

manifest

Meaning
To show or demonstrate clearly; to become evident or apparent.
Example
Symptoms of De Quervain's Syndrome may manifest after prolonged phone use.
B2 adjective /mæɡˈnɪfɪsənt/

magnificent

Meaning
extremely beautiful, impressive, or splendid
Example
The view from the mountain was truly magnificent.
B2 noun /ˈmɑːr.tɪn/

Martin

Meaning
small swift-flying bird that catches insects on the wing
Example
The martin built its nest under the bridge.
B2 adjective /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.ləs/

Meaningless

Meaning
without purpose; having no significance; pointless
Example
The data became meaningless without proper context.
B2 noun /ˈmɪs.tʃɪf/

Mischief

Meaning
Playful behavior that causes minor trouble or annoyance but is not meant to cause serious harm
Example
The children were full of mischief during the summer holidays.
B2 verb /ˈmɒdənaɪz/

modernize

Meaning
To adapt something to modern needs or styles; to update or improve.
Example
The company plans to modernize its IT infrastructure.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪθɪkəl/

Mythical

Meaning
existing only in myths or legends; imaginary or fictitious
Example
Dragons are mythical creatures that appear in many cultures.
B2 noun /mjuːl/

Mule

Meaning
the offspring of a donkey and a horse, used as a working animal
Example
The farmer used a mule to carry heavy loads.
B2 noun /ˈmærəθən/

marathon

Meaning
a long-distance running race, typically 42.195 kilometers (26.2 miles)
Example
She completed the marathon in under four hours.
B2 noun /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən/

multiplication

Meaning
the mathematical process of combining numbers to get a product; the act of increasing in number or amount
Example
Multiplication is one of the basic operations taught in elementary mathematics.
B2 verb /ˈmeməraɪz/

memorize

Meaning
to learn something by heart; to commit to memory
Example
Students need to memorize important formulas for the exam.
B2 noun /məˈtʃʊrəti/

Maturity

Meaning
The state of being mature; full development physically or emotionally
Example
With age comes wisdom and emotional maturity.
B2 adverb /ˈmɪzərəbli/

Miserably

Meaning
in a wretched or unhappy manner; extremely badly
Example
The team performed miserably in the championship.
B2 noun /ˈmænʃən/

mansion

Meaning
a large, impressive house
Example
The billionaire lives in a luxurious mansion overlooking the ocean.
B2 adjective /ˈmæskjəlɪn/

masculine

Meaning
having qualities traditionally associated with men
Example
He has a deep, masculine voice.
B2 verb ˈmɪnɪmaɪz

minimize

Meaning
Reduce (something, especially something unwanted or unpleasant) to the smallest possible amount or degree.
Example
Efforts should be made to minimize plastic usage.
B2 noun /ˈmɪnərəl/

mineral

Meaning
a naturally occurring substance that is solid and inorganic, often used in industry or nutrition
Example
Calcium is an important mineral for strong bones.
B2 noun /ˈmɛmoʊ/

memo

Meaning
a written message, typically in a business setting
Example
He wrote a memo to the staff about the upcoming meeting.
B2 noun ˈmɑːr.kɪt ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

market economy

Meaning
An economic system where production and pricing decisions are controlled by individuals and based on supply and demand.
Example
A market economy allows businesses to compete freely.
B2 verb /mɛnd/

mend

Meaning
To repair something that is broken or damaged.
Example
She learned to mend her torn dress.