insecurity
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B2 noun /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊərɪti/

insecurity

Meaning
lack of confidence or assurance; a state of uncertainty or vulnerability
Example
Her insecurity made her doubt her abilities despite her experience.
B2 verb /ˈɪmɪɡreɪt/

immigrate

Meaning
to come to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
He immigrated to Canada five years ago.
B2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.tər.i/

introductory

Meaning
Serving as an introduction; preliminary or preparatory.
Example
The professor gave an introductory lecture on economics.
B2 noun ɪnˈsɛntɪvz

incentives

Meaning
Things that motivate or encourage one to do something.
Example
Tax incentives are used to encourage investment in renewable energy.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/

imperial

Meaning
Relating to an empire or emperor; having supreme authority.
Example
The imperial palace was a symbol of the emperor's power.
B2 noun /ˈɪɡ.nər.əns/

Ignorance

Meaning
lack of knowledge or information; the state of being uninformed about something
Example
His ignorance about basic computer skills made it difficult for him to find a job.
B2 verb /ɪnˈheɪl/

inhale

Meaning
to breathe in; to draw air into the lungs
Example
Take a deep breath and inhale slowly.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈfɔːrmətɪv/

Informative

Meaning
giving or providing useful information; educational; instructive
Example
The documentary was very informative and educational.
B2 noun /ɪnˈkluːʒən/

inclusion

Meaning
the action or state of including or being included within a group or structure
Example
Diversity and inclusion are key values in modern workplaces.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmætʃʊr/

Immature

Meaning
not fully developed; lacking emotional or intellectual development; childish
Example
His immature behavior during the meeting disappointed everyone.
B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪər/

interfere

Meaning
to become involved in something that is not your concern; to hinder or obstruct
Example
Parents should not interfere in their children’s personal choices.
B2 verb /ɪnˈʃʊər/

insure

Meaning
to provide insurance; to make certain
Example
I need to insure my new car.
B2 noun /ɪnˈspekʃən/

inspection

Meaning
a careful examination of something, especially to check that it is correct or safe
Example
The building passed the safety inspection last week.
B2 adjective + noun aɪˈdiːəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt

ideal environment

Meaning
Perfect or most suitable conditions for growth or development
Example
Winter creates an ideal environment for vegetable growth.
B2 noun /ˌaɪ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/

Isolation

Meaning
the process or fact of isolating or being isolated; separation from other people or things
Example
The patient was kept in isolation to prevent the spread of the infectious disease.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈfekʃəs/

infectious

Meaning
capable of causing infection or disease; spreading easily from one person to another; able to spread feelings or attitudes such as enthusiasm
Example
Her infectious laughter made everyone in the room smile.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/

importantly

Meaning
in a way that is of great significance or value
Example
Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.
B2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən/

intersection

Meaning
a point where two or more things intersect, especially a road or path
Example
The intersection of Main Street and 5th Avenue is always busy.
B2 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/

Industrial Revolution

Meaning
The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery and characterized by the use of steam power and the growth of factories.
Example
The Industrial Revolution marked a shift in production processes.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

Infection

Meaning
the process of infecting or the state of being infected; a disease caused by germs
Example
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection in her throat.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/

intensive

Meaning
Involving a lot of effort, energy, or concentration in a short period of time.
Example
She attended an intensive English course before moving abroad.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɒlərəns/

intolerance

Meaning
unwillingness to accept or endure beliefs, behaviors, or conditions different from one's own
Example
The leader was criticized for his intolerance toward other religions.
B2 adjective ˌɪnstrəˈmɛntl

instrumental

Meaning
Serving as a crucial means, agent, or tool; having a part in bringing about a result.
Example
Children can be instrumental in building a better society.
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɜːr/

infer

Meaning
to conclude or deduce something from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements
Example
From his silence, I inferred that he was not happy with the decision.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsətɪv/

insensitive

Meaning
Showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.
Example
His insensitive comment hurt her deeply.
B2 noun ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən

inflammation

Meaning
A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful.
Example
Chronic inflammation can lead to severe diseases.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnt/

intent

Meaning
the purpose or reason behind an action; a strong determination to do something
Example
Her intent was to improve the quality of education in the community.
B2 noun /ɪsˈlɑːm/

islam

Meaning
the religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad, based on belief in one God (Allah)
Example
Islam emphasizes peace, justice, and compassion.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnsəti/

intensity

Meaning
The quality of being extreme, strong, or forceful in degree.
Example
The intensity of the storm frightened the villagers.
B2 noun ɪnˈfleɪʃən

inflation

Meaning
A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Example
Inflation erodes the purchasing power of consumers.
B2 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Indication

Meaning
a sign or piece of information that indicates something; a suggestion or hint
Example
The dark clouds were a clear indication that a storm was approaching the area.
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɛkt/

infect

Meaning
To contaminate with a disease-causing organism.
Example
The virus can infect healthy people quickly.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfɪnɪti/

infinity

Meaning
A concept describing something without any limit or end.
Example
The universe seems to stretch into infinity.
B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡrəl

integral

Meaning
Necessary to make a complete whole; essential or fundamental.
Example
Exercise is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/

incorporate

Meaning
to include something as part of a whole; to form a corporation
Example
The new design incorporates advanced technology.
B2 verb /ɪmˈplaɪ/

imply

Meaning
To suggest something without directly stating it.
Example
Her tone seemed to imply that she was upset.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈædɪkwət/

inadequate

Meaning
Not sufficient or good enough.
Example
The funding was inadequate to complete the project.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛns/

intense

Meaning
Of extreme force, degree, or strength.
Example
She felt intense pain after the accident.
B2 noun ˈɪnəveɪtɪv tuːlz

innovative tools

Meaning
Creative devices or advanced technologies that introduce new methods or approaches to accomplish tasks.
Example
Teachers use innovative tools to enhance classroom learning.
B2 verb /ɪnˈveɪd/

invade

Meaning
to enter a place or country forcefully, especially as an enemy
Example
The army invaded the neighboring country.
B2 noun ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən

installation

Meaning
The action or process of installing someone or something, or of being installed.
Example
The installation of the submarine cable is almost complete.
B2 noun /ˈɪntərfeɪs/

interface

Meaning
a point where two systems, subjects, or organizations meet and interact
Example
The user interface is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly.
B2 noun /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

inability

Meaning
the state of being unable to do something
Example
His inability to make decisions affected his career.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Invisible

Meaning
unable to be seen; not visible to the eye
Example
The bacteria are invisible without a microscope.
B2 noun, verb /ˌɪnkənˈviːniəns/

inconvenience

Meaning
trouble or difficulty caused to someone; to cause trouble or difficulty to someone
Example
We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the delay.
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪmentɪd

implemented

Meaning
Put a decision or plan into effect; carried out or executed.
Example
The master plans were partially implemented.
B2 adjective /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/

infinite

Meaning
limitless or endless in space, extent, or number
Example
The universe is often described as infinite.
B2 verb /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/

initiate

Meaning
to begin or start; to introduce someone to a new activity
Example
The company will initiate a new training program.
B2 noun /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən/

interruption

Meaning
the act of stopping or breaking the continuity of something; a pause caused by an external action
Example
The meeting was delayed due to an unexpected interruption.
B2 adjective /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idle

Meaning
lazy; inactive; not working or being used
Example
The factory workers were idle during the strike.
B2 noun /ɪmˈpɒlɪtnəs/

impoliteness

Meaning
lack of good manners or courtesy; rude behavior
Example
His impoliteness towards the guests shocked everyone.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkwaɪər/

inquire

Meaning
to ask; to investigate
Example
She inquired about the job opening.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/

inconsistent

Meaning
Not staying the same throughout; lacking harmony or regularity.
Example
His answers were inconsistent and confusing.
B2 verb /ɪnˈsʌlt/

insult

Meaning
to speak or act in a way that hurts someone's feelings or shows disrespect
Example
He felt insulted by her rude comments.
B2 adjective /ˈɪmɪnənt/

imminent

Meaning
About to happen; likely to occur very soon.
Example
Dark clouds signaled that a storm was imminent.
B2 verb /ɪnˈherɪt/

inherit

Meaning
to receive money, property, or characteristics from someone when they die; to acquire from predecessors
Example
She inherited her grandmother's house.
B2 noun ɪˈmjuː.nɪ.ti

immunity

Meaning
The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies.
Example
A strong immunity protects against infections.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmɒrəl/

immoral

Meaning
Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; unethical or wicked.
Example
He was fired for his immoral behavior.
B2 adverb /ˌɪndəˈrɛktli/

indirectly

Meaning
in a way that is not direct; through an intermediate means or influence
Example
The policy affected small businesses indirectly.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə/

insecure

Meaning
not confident or assured; uncertain and anxious
Example
She felt insecure about her performance in the exam.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənəl/

instructional

Meaning
providing knowledge or information; intended to teach
Example
The website offers many instructional videos for beginners.
B2 adjective /ˈaɪsi/

Icy

Meaning
extremely cold; covered with ice; unfriendly or hostile
Example
The icy wind made everyone shiver.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈkeɪpəbəl/

incapable

Meaning
lacking the ability, skill, or capacity to do something
Example
He is incapable of understanding complex instructions.
B2 adjective ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs

indigenous

Meaning
Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
Example
Indigenous plants are well adapted to the local environment.
B2 noun ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən

intervention

Meaning
The action or process of intervening; involvement in a situation to improve or help it.
Example
The intervention of the UN was crucial in resolving the conflict.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈfɪə.ri.ər/

inferior

Meaning
Of lower quality, rank, or status.
Example
This material is inferior to the one we used before.
B2 adjective ˌɪn.təˈræk.tɪv

interactive

Meaning
Allowing a two-way flow of information between it and a user, responding to the user's input.
Example
Interactive learning keeps students engaged in lessons.
B2 noun /ˈɪnˌteɪk/

intake

Meaning
the process of taking something in, especially food or drink
Example
He monitored his daily intake of calories to maintain a healthy diet.
B2 noun, verb /ɪntʃ/

inch

Meaning
A unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters; or to move slowly and carefully in small amounts.
Example
She inched closer to the edge of the stage.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdʒɛkt/

inject

Meaning
To introduce a substance, especially a drug, into the body using a needle.
Example
The nurse will inject the vaccine into the patient's arm.
B2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl/

Irresistible

Meaning
too attractive and tempting to be resisted; impossible to resist
Example
The chocolate cake was absolutely irresistible.
B2 noun /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/

Influencer

Meaning
A person with the ability to influence potential buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the items on social media.
Example
Social media influencers shape consumer preferences.
B2 adjective /ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl/

insightful

Meaning
Showing deep understanding or perceptiveness.
Example
The professor gave an insightful lecture on global economics.
B2 noun ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər

infrastructure

Meaning
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Digital infrastructure is vital for future advancements.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɒlɪtli/

impolitely

Meaning
in a rude or discourteous manner; without showing respect or proper manners
Example
He spoke impolitely to the waiter despite the polite service.
B2 noun ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

industrialization

Meaning
The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.
Example
Industrialization changed the global economy dramatically.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

inclusive

Meaning
Including all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required; not excluding any section of society or any party involved.
Example
Inclusive growth benefits all sections of society.
B2 verb /ɪnˈflɪkt/

inflict

Meaning
to cause something unpleasant or painful to be suffered by someone or something
Example
The storm inflicted considerable damage to the city.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/

Inconvenient

Meaning
causing trouble, difficulties, or discomfort; awkward; troublesome
Example
The broken elevator made it inconvenient to reach the top floor.
B2 noun ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti

integrity

Meaning
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.
Example
Teachers' integrity fosters a positive learning environment.
B2 noun /ˈɪdɪət/

idiot

Meaning
a person who acts in a way that is considered very stupid or foolish
Example
He acted like an idiot at the party last night.
B2 verb /ɪnˈtriːɡ/

intrigue

Meaning
to arouse curiosity or interest; to make someone fascinated
Example
The mystery novel will intrigue any reader.
B2 noun /ˈaɪkɒn/

icon

Meaning
A person or thing regarded as a symbol of something, or a graphic symbol on a screen.
Example
The singer became a cultural icon.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɪˌspɑn.sə.bəl/

Irresponsible

Meaning
lacking a sense of responsibility; careless
Example
It was irresponsible of him to leave without telling anyone.
B2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪdə/

insider

Meaning
a person within a group or organization who has access to confidential information
Example
He was an insider who knew all the company's secrets.
B2 noun ˈɪnər strɛŋkθ

inner strength

Meaning
Mental or spiritual power that helps a person cope with difficulties.
Example
Community service fosters inner strength in individuals.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

Meaning
having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another
Example
She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.
B2 adjective ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv

ineffective

Meaning
Not producing any significant or desired effect; not achieving the intended result.
Example
Rote learning often proves to be ineffective.
B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

Meaning
The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.
Example
Integration of networks will improve global communication.
B2 verb /ˈɪnəveɪt/

innovate

Meaning
To introduce new methods, ideas, or products.
Example
The company must innovate to stay ahead of its competitors.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɛləvənt/

Irrelevant

Meaning
not connected with or relevant to something; having no bearing on the matter
Example
Your past mistakes are irrelevant to this discussion.
B2 noun /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

instinct

Meaning
A natural way of behaving or reacting that does not require learning.
Example
Birds build nests by instinct.
B2 noun ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

implication

Meaning
A conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; a likely consequence.
Example
The implication of climate change is severe.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈseɪn/

insane

Meaning
mentally ill; extremely foolish or unreasonable
Example
The idea of jumping off the cliff seemed insane.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒp.ər/

Improper

Meaning
inappropriate; incorrect; not suitable
Example
It would be improper to discuss personal matters in a business meeting.
B2 adjective ɪˈmɜː.sɪv

immersive

Meaning
Providing, involving, or characterized by deep absorption or immersion in something.
Example
Virtual reality creates an immersive learning environment.
B2 verb /ɪnˈstrʌkt/

instruct

Meaning
to teach; to give directions
Example
The teacher instructed the students carefully.
B2 noun ɪˈlɪtərəsi

illiteracy

Meaning
The inability to read and write; lack of education or knowledge in a particular area.
Example
Illiteracy often leads to poverty and unemployment.
B2 adjective /ˌɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/

Idiotic

Meaning
extremely stupid; foolish; senseless
Example
His idiotic behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
B2 noun /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/

immigrant

Meaning
a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
The city has welcomed many new immigrants this year.
B2 adjective /ˌɪntərˈmiːdiət/

intermediate

Meaning
Coming between two things in time, place, or order; in the middle level or stage.
Example
She is taking an intermediate-level French course.
B2 adjective /ˈɪmpæktfʊl/

impactful

Meaning
Having a major impact or effect; powerful and forceful.
Example
Her impactful speech moved the audience to take action.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtækt/

intact

Meaning
Remaining whole, complete, and undamaged.
Example
Despite the storm, the old house remained intact.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/

implicit

Meaning
Suggested or understood without being directly stated.
Example
Her trust in him was implicit.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdjuːs/

induce

Meaning
to cause or persuade someone to do something; to bring about a result
Example
The doctor induced sleep with a mild sedative.
B2 noun /ˈaɪrəni/

irony

Meaning
a situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what is expected; the use of words to convey the opposite meaning
Example
The irony of the situation was that the winner forgot his own prize.
B2 noun /ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃən/

imperfection

Meaning
a flaw, defect, or weakness; the state of being imperfect
Example
She accepted her imperfection as part of being human.
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪment

implement

Meaning
To put a decision or plan into effect; to execute or apply.
Example
Implementing educational policies is essential for progress.
B2 noun /aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

identification

Meaning
the process of recognizing or proving who or what someone or something is
Example
You need proper identification to enter the building.
B2 noun /ɪˈluː.ʒən/

Illusion

Meaning
a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted; a false idea or belief
Example
The magician created a spectacular illusion that made the elephant appear to vanish.
B2 verb /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/

intensify

Meaning
To make something stronger, more extreme, or more forceful.
Example
The storm is expected to intensify overnight.
B2 noun /ˈɪnfənt/

infant

Meaning
A very young child or baby.
Example
The infant was sleeping peacefully in the cradle.
B2 noun ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən

implementation

Meaning
The process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.
Example
Proper implementation of policies is crucial.
B2 verb /ˈɪr.ɪ.teɪt/

irritate

Meaning
To make someone annoyed or angry; to cause discomfort or inflammation.
Example
Rubbing your eyes can irritate them.
B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd

integrated

Meaning
Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.
Example
Integrated systems optimize efficiency.
B2 noun ˈɪndɪkeɪtə

indicator

Meaning
A thing that indicates the state or level of something.
Example
The unemployment rate is a key indicator of economic health.
B2 adjective, noun /ˌɪn.təlˈɛk.tʃu.əl/

intellectual

Meaning
Relating to the intellect; a person who engages in critical thinking and study.
Example
She enjoys intellectual discussions about philosophy.
B2 noun /ɪnˈsen.tɪv/

Incentive

Meaning
a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something; a reward or penalty that influences behavior
Example
The company offered a cash incentive to employees who exceeded their sales targets.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

Meaning
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
Example
The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.
B2 adjective /ɪˈlɪt.ər.ət/

Illiterate

Meaning
unable to read or write; lacking education
Example
The program aims to help illiterate adults learn to read and write.
B2 noun, verb /ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːt/

institute

Meaning
as a noun, an organization founded for a specific purpose; as a verb, to establish or initiate
Example
The university decided to institute new rules for the library.