fetus
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C1 noun /ˈfiːtəs/

fetus

Meaning
an unborn or unhatched offspring in the womb or egg
Example
The doctor explained the development of the fetus during pregnancy.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfrænʧaɪz/

franchise

Meaning
A legal right to sell or distribute goods or services in a specific area; to grant such a right.
Example
He opened a new fast-food franchise in the city.
C1 noun ˈfæl.ə.si

fallacy

Meaning
False belief, misconception, false reasoning.
Example
The idea that success comes easy is a fallacy.
C1 adjective /ˈfɛrəl/

feral

Meaning
existing in a wild or untamed state; not domesticated
Example
The feral cat roamed the streets at night.
C1 noun /ˈfɛtɪʃ/

fetish

Meaning
an excessive or irrational devotion to something
Example
He has a fetish for collecting rare stamps.
C1 noun /frɪˈvɒləti/

frivolity

Meaning
Lack of seriousness; silly or trivial behavior.
Example
The teacher discouraged frivolity during the exam.
C1 verb /ˈfɔːrfɪt/

forfeit

Meaning
to lose or give up something, usually as a penalty for wrongdoing
Example
He had to forfeit the match after breaking the rules.
C1 noun ˈfɔː.saɪt

foresight

Meaning
The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Example
His foresight helped the company avoid financial losses.
C1 adjective /ˈflɪmzi/

flimsy

Meaning
weak, fragile, or lacking in strength; not convincing
Example
The chair was too flimsy to support his weight.
C1 noun /fiːt/

feat

Meaning
an achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength
Example
Climbing Mount Everest was a remarkable feat.
C1 noun /fiːnd/

fiend

Meaning
an evil spirit or demon; a wicked or cruel person; someone obsessed with a particular thing
Example
He is a real fiend when it comes to solving puzzles.
C1 noun flɛər

flair

Meaning
A natural ability to do something well.
Example
She has a flair for design, always creating visually stunning work.
C1 noun/verb /fliːs/

fleece

Meaning
The woolly covering of a sheep; as a verb, to swindle or cheat someone.
Example
The farmer sheared the sheep’s fleece carefully.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊ.kəs ˈtræk.ɪŋ/

focus tracking

Meaning
A technique of monitoring and maintaining attention on specific tasks or goals.
Example
Proper focus tracking improves productivity.
C1 verb /ˈflɪk.ər/

flicker

Meaning
to shine unsteadily or waver between light and dark
Example
The candle flickered in the wind.
C1 noun ˈflɔː.rə ænd ˈfɔː.nə

flora and fauna

Meaning
The plants and animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
Example
The Galápagos Islands have unique flora and fauna.
C1 noun /fɪkˈseɪ.ʃən/

fixation

Meaning
An obsessive interest in or feeling about someone or something.
Example
His fixation on perfectionism delayed project completion.
C1 adjective /ˈflʌstərd/

flustered

Meaning
in a state of confusion or agitation
Example
She appeared flustered after being asked so many questions.
C1 adjective /ˈflæɡɪŋ/

flagging

Meaning
becoming tired, weaker, or less enthusiastic
Example
After hours of work, his energy was flagging.
C1 noun ˌfɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn

fortification

Meaning
A defensive wall or other reinforcement built to strengthen a place against attack.
Example
The fortifications protected the city.
C1 noun /ˈfreɪlti/

frailty

Meaning
The condition of being weak, delicate, or easily broken.
Example
Old age often comes with physical frailty.
C1 adjective /ˈfɑːð.ər.ləs/

fatherless

Meaning
without a father
Example
The fatherless child relied on the support of his community.
C1 noun /ˈflæt.ər.i/

Flattery

Meaning
excessive and insincere praise, given especially to further one's own interests
Example
His constant flattery made everyone suspicious of his true motives.
C1 noun /ˌfæb.rɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

fabrication

Meaning
The invention of false or misleading information; a lie or falsehood.
Example
The article was full of fabrication and misleading claims.
C1 noun /fjuːd/

feud

Meaning
a prolonged and bitter quarrel or conflict, often between families or groups
Example
The two families have been in a feud for generations.
C1 verb ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt

fluctuate

Meaning
To regularly increase or decrease.
Example
Stock prices fluctuate due to market conditions.
C1 verb /ˈfæbrɪkeɪt/

fabricate

Meaning
to invent or concoct something, often with the intent to deceive; or to construct or manufacture
Example
The witness fabricated his testimony to protect himself.
C1 noun /fæd/

fad

Meaning
a temporary fashion or trend; a short-lived craze
Example
The new diet became a popular fad among teenagers.
C1 adjective /fərˈlɔːrn/

forlorn

Meaning
extremely sad, lonely, or abandoned
Example
The abandoned puppy looked so forlorn in the rain.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌbɛərz/

forebears

Meaning
Ancestors or people in previous generations from whom one is descended.
Example
We must honor the traditions of our forebears.
C1 verb /flɔːnt/

flaunt

Meaning
to show off something proudly, often to attract attention
Example
She likes to flaunt her new jewelry at parties.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɪvələs/

frivolous

Meaning
Not having any serious purpose or value; silly or unimportant.
Example
She dismissed the frivolous complaint quickly.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈkloʊz/

foreclose

Meaning
to take possession of a property due to the owner's failure to keep up mortgage payments
Example
The bank decided to foreclose on the property after months of missed payments.
C1 noun /ˈfæm.ɪn/

Famine

Meaning
extreme scarcity of food; a period when food is extremely scarce
Example
The severe drought led to widespread famine in the region.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːr.teɪ/ or /fɔːrt/

forte

Meaning
a strong ability or talent; something one does particularly well
Example
Cooking is definitely her forte.
C1 verb /ˈfɪdʒɪt/

fidget

Meaning
to make small movements, especially because of nervousness or impatience
Example
The child began to fidget during the long lecture.
C1 noun /ˈfjuː.tʃə.rɪst/

futurist

Meaning
A person who studies or predicts the future, especially trends in science, technology, or society.
Example
The futurist predicted major changes in transportation within the next decade.
C1 adjective /freɪl/

frail

Meaning
Physically weak and delicate.
Example
The old man was too frail to walk without help.
C1 adjective /ˈfruː.ɡəl/

Frugal

Meaning
economical; thrifty;
Example
She is very frugal and saves money by buying only necessary items.
C1 verb /ˈfɜːr.tɪ.laɪz/

fertilize

Meaning
to make soil or land more fertile by adding substances
Example
Farmers fertilize the fields to increase crop yield.
C1 adjective /ˈfænsiːd/

fancied

Meaning
imagined, desired, or believed without evidence
Example
He is a fancied suitor in the eyes of the young lady.
C1 adjective /ˈfruːt.ləs/

Fruitless

Meaning
unsuccessful; futile; pointless;
Example
After hours of searching, their efforts proved fruitless.
C1 noun /fəˈsɑːd/

facade

Meaning
The front of a building; a false or superficial appearance
Example
The building's glass facade reflected the sunset.
C1 adjective, adverb (informal, vulgar) /ˈfʌkɪŋ/

fucking

Meaning
used for emphasis, often expressing anger or frustration (vulgar slang)
Example
It was a fucking disaster!
C1 adjective /fəˈroʊ.ʃəs/

Ferocious

Meaning
savagely fierce, cruel, or violent; extremely aggressive
Example
The ferocious storm destroyed many houses in the coastal area.
C1 verb /fɔːˈbɛər/

forbear

Meaning
To refrain from doing something; to show patience or self-control.
Example
She forbore from commenting on his mistake.
C1 noun /fɔːn/

Fawn

Meaning
a young deer; a light yellowish-brown color
Example
The mother deer protects her fawn from predators.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌθɔːt/

forethought

Meaning
careful consideration of what will be necessary or may happen in the future
Example
With a little forethought, we could have avoided the problem.
C1 noun /ˈflæn.əl/

Flannel

Meaning
a soft woven fabric, typically made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised
Example
He wore a warm flannel shirt in winter.
C1 verb /ˈfɔːlsɪfaɪ/

falsify

Meaning
to make something false or to misrepresent
Example
He tried to falsify the documents to avoid taxes.
C1 noun /fɪlθ/

filth

Meaning
dirty or disgusting matter; moral corruption
Example
The streets were full of filth after the storm.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːreɪ/

foray

Meaning
A sudden short attack or attempt, especially into new activity or territory.
Example
The company made its first foray into the international market.
C1 noun /ˈfen.jʊ.griːk/

Fenugreek

Meaning
an herb whose seeds and leaves are used as a spice in cooking
Example
Fenugreek seeds have a slightly bitter taste and are commonly used in Indian cuisine.
C1 adjective /ˈfæn.sɪ.fəl/

fanciful

Meaning
overimaginative, unrealistic, or whimsical
Example
The story was too fanciful to be true.
C1 adverb /ˈfɜː.vənt.li/

Fervently

Meaning
with passionate intensity; ardently; with great emotion or enthusiasm
Example
She fervently hoped that her dreams would come true.
C1 noun /fruˈɪʃən/

fruition

Meaning
The realization or fulfillment of a plan, project, or desire.
Example
Her dream of becoming a doctor finally came to fruition.
C1 adjective + noun ˈfeɪvərəbəl klaɪˈmætɪk kənˈdɪʃənz

favorable climatic conditions

Meaning
Weather conditions that are suitable and beneficial for growth or development
Example
Winter offers favorable climatic conditions for farming.
C1 adjective ˈfæʃ.ɪst

fascist

Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of fascism; extremely authoritarian.
Example
Fascist governance undermines freedom.
C1 adverb /ˈfɪksɪdli/

Fixedly

Meaning
in a steady, unmoving manner; with intense concentration
Example
He stared fixedly at the painting.
C1 adjective /flæmˈbɔɪənt/

flamboyant

Meaning
showy, strikingly bold or colorful; confident and lively
Example
His flamboyant style drew everyone's attention at the party.
C1 noun/adjective ˈflɛdʒ.lɪŋ

fledgling

Meaning
New, inexperienced, newly established.
Example
The fledgling startup needs investment.
C1 adjective /ˈflæʃi/

flashy

Meaning
ostentatious or showy in a way that attracts attention
Example
He drove a flashy sports car through the city streets.
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrsəbl/

forcible

Meaning
Done by force; using physical strength or power.
Example
The police made a forcible entry into the house.
C1 noun /ˈfrek.əl/

Freckle

Meaning
a small brownish spot on the skin, often becoming more pronounced through exposure to the sun
Example
Her face was covered with cute freckles that appeared every summer.
C1 noun/verb ˈfɒr.ɪdʒ

forage

Meaning
Food for horses and cattle, especially dried hay or feed; to search for food.
Example
Animals forage for food during the winter months.
C1 adjective /ˈfɜːrtɪv/

furtive

Meaning
Attempting to avoid notice or attention, typically because of guilt or a belief that discovery would lead to trouble.
Example
He cast a furtive glance at the door before leaving.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈɡoʊ/

forego

Meaning
to decide not to do or have something pleasant or valuable
Example
She decided to forego dessert to maintain her diet.
C1 noun /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

fungus

Meaning
a spore-producing organism feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, and mushrooms
Example
A strange fungus was growing on the old tree.
C1 adjective /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/

Finite

Meaning
limited; having bounds or limits; not infinite
Example
Earth has finite natural resources.
C1 noun /frɪndʒ/

fringe

Meaning
A decorative border of threads; the outer edge or margin of something.
Example
The festival had a fringe of small independent performances.
C1 noun ˈfɜːr.vɚ

fervor

Meaning
Strong passion or enthusiasm for something.
Example
He spoke with great fervor about his vision for the company.
C1 noun /fruːˈɡæl.ə.ti/

frugality

Meaning
The quality of being economical in use or expenditure; not wasteful.
Example
Frugality is essential for saving money effectively.
C1 adjective /ˈfeɪt.fəl/

fateful

Meaning
having significant or disastrous consequences
Example
Their fateful decision changed the course of history.
C1 noun /ˈfren.zi/

Frenzy

Meaning
a state or period of uncontrolled excitement or wild behavior; intense activity
Example
The announcement of the sale created a shopping frenzy at the mall.
C1 noun ˌflʌk.tʃuˈeɪ.ʃən

fluctuation

Meaning
An irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation.
Example
The stock market experiences frequent fluctuation.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɛrɪt/

ferret

Meaning
a small domesticated animal used for hunting; to search or uncover something persistently
Example
He ferreted out the hidden documents.
C1 adjective /frɔːt/

fraught

Meaning
Filled with or likely to result in something undesirable.
Example
The negotiations were fraught with tension and uncertainty.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɜːrloʊ/

furlough

Meaning
temporary leave of absence from work, especially that granted to an employee or soldier
Example
Many workers were placed on furlough during the crisis.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːr.tɪ.tjuːd/

fortitude

Meaning
Courage in pain or adversity; mental and emotional strength in facing difficulty.
Example
She faced adversity with great fortitude.
C1 adjective /ˈflaʊəri/

flowery

Meaning
Full of flowers or overly elaborate in style or language.
Example
She wrote a flowery letter filled with poetic phrases.
C1 verb /ˈfɜːrmɛnt/

ferment

Meaning
to undergo a chemical process where sugars are converted to alcohol or acid; to incite or stir up change
Example
The grapes are left to ferment for several weeks.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

foreground

Meaning
the part of a scene that is nearest to and in front of the viewer
Example
The flowers in the foreground brightened the picture.
C1 noun /fəˈrɒs.ə.ti/

ferocity

Meaning
The state or quality of being ferocious; extreme fierceness or violence.
Example
The storm's ferocity was devastating.
C1 noun /fɪˈnɛs/

finesse

Meaning
Subtlety and skill; refinement and delicacy in performance or artistry.
Example
The artist painted with great finesse.
C1 noun /ˈfɛləni/

felony

Meaning
a serious crime, usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year
Example
He was convicted of a felony and sentenced to ten years in prison.
C1 verb /fret/

fret

Meaning
to worry or be anxious; to be troubled
Example
Don't fret about the exam results.
C1 verb/noun ˈfæð.əm

fathom

Meaning
To understand after much thought; to measure the depth of water; to comprehend.
Example
It is difficult to fathom the depths of the ocean.
C1 adjective /ˈfjuː.dəl/

feudal

Meaning
relating to the system of feudalism, a medieval social system based on land ownership and obligations
Example
The castle is a remnant of the feudal era.
C1 noun /ˈfɔɪeɪr/

foyer

Meaning
An entrance hall or lobby in a building.
Example
The guests waited in the hotel foyer before checking in.
C1 verb /ˈflaʊndər/

flounder

Meaning
To struggle or stagger clumsily; to experience difficulty or confusion.
Example
He floundered in the interview when asked difficult questions.
C1 noun /ˈfɪɡjərˌhɛd/

figurehead

Meaning
a nominal leader with no real power; a symbolic head
Example
The king was merely a figurehead with no real authority.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌrʌnər/

forerunner

Meaning
A person or thing that comes before another; a predecessor or harbinger.
Example
The Wright brothers were the forerunners of modern aviation.
C1 noun /ˈfjuː.dʒə.tɪv/

Fugitive

Meaning
a person who has escaped from a place or is in hiding, especially to avoid arrest
Example
The police launched a manhunt to capture the fugitive who escaped from prison.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪk.əl/

Fickle

Meaning
changeable; inconstant; liable to sudden unpredictable change
Example
His fickle nature made it hard to trust his promises.
C1 adjective/noun /fəˈrɛns.ɪk/

forensic

Meaning
Scientific analysis applied to criminal or legal matters
Example
Forensic experts analyze cybercrimes using advanced tools.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌfɑːðər/

forefather

Meaning
an ancestor, especially one who was part of an earlier generation of a family or nation
Example
Our forefathers fought for independence.
C1 adjective /ˈfliː.tɪŋ/

fleeting

Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; passing quickly.
Example
Happiness can be fleeting, so cherish every moment.
C1 noun ˌfræɡ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən

fragmentation

Meaning
The process or state of breaking or being broken into fragments.
Example
Habitat fragmentation threatens many species.
C1 adjective /fəˈnætɪk/

Fanatic

Meaning
extremely passionate about something; showing excessive enthusiasm or devotion
Example
He is a fanatic supporter of his football team.
C1 noun /frəˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

fragility

Meaning
The quality of being fragile; delicateness.
Example
The cornea's fragility increases with rubbing.
C1 noun (plural of fungus) /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/

fungi

Meaning
a group of spore-producing organisms such as mushrooms, molds, and yeasts
Example
Fungi play an important role in breaking down organic matter in nature.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːls.hʊd/

Falsehood

Meaning
the state of being untrue; a lie
Example
The politician was caught spreading falsehoods about his opponent.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪs.kəl/

fiscal

Meaning
Relating to government revenue, especially taxes, or public money management.
Example
The government introduced new fiscal policies to control inflation.
C1 noun /fɪˈnɑːleɪ/

finale

Meaning
the last part or conclusion of a performance, event, or series
Example
The concert ended with a spectacular finale.
C1 noun /ˈfɔː.nə/

fauna

Meaning
The animal life of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
Example
The fauna of the African savannah includes lions and elephants.
C1 adjective /ˈfiːlaɪn/

feline

Meaning
relating to or characteristic of cats
Example
Her movements were graceful and almost feline in their elegance.
C1 verb /ˈfrɒlɪk/

frolic

Meaning
to play and move about cheerfully, energetically, or playfully
Example
The children frolicked in the garden all afternoon.
C1 noun fluˈɪd.ɪ.ti

fluidity

Meaning
The ability of a substance to flow easily; smooth and graceful movement or style.
Example
The fluidity of the dancer's movements was mesmerizing.
C1 verb, noun /ˈflʌstər/

fluster

Meaning
to make someone agitated or confused
Example
The unexpected question flustered him.
C1 noun /fiˈæs.koʊ/

fiasco

Meaning
a complete failure, especially a ludicrous or humiliating one
Example
The event turned into a complete fiasco due to poor planning.
C1 noun /ˈfɛərˌɡraʊndz/

fairgrounds

Meaning
A designated area where fairs, exhibitions, and amusement events are held
Example
The town set up rides and stalls at the fairgrounds for the annual festival.
C1 adjective /frəˈnɛtɪk/

frenetic

Meaning
Fast and energetic in a wild or uncontrolled way.
Example
The stock market experienced frenetic trading after the announcement.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌbɛər/

forebear

Meaning
An ancestor, especially one who lived a long time ago.
Example
He often speaks of his forebears with great respect.
C1 adjective /ˈfiːbl/

feeble

Meaning
lacking physical strength or vigor; weak
Example
After the illness, she felt too feeble to stand.
C1 adjective /ˈfeɪl.seɪf/

fail-safe

Meaning
designed to prevent failure or accidents; guaranteed to work correctly
Example
The engineers installed a fail-safe mechanism in the nuclear plant.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊk.lɔːr/

folk-lore

Meaning
The traditional beliefs, customs, stories, songs, and practices of a community, passed down through generations.
Example
Bangladeshi folk-lore is rich with myths and legends.
C1 noun /fɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/

fidelity

Meaning
Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.
Example
A dog's fidelity to its owner is unmatched.
C1 adjective /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/

fictitious

Meaning
not real or true; imaginary or fabricated
Example
The story he told was entirely fictitious.
C1 noun /ˈfaɪərɑːm/

firearm

Meaning
a weapon capable of firing a projectile using gunpowder or other propellant
Example
The police found a hidden firearm during the investigation.
C1 noun /ˈfɛlən/

felon

Meaning
a person who has committed a serious crime
Example
The felon was sentenced to ten years in prison.
C1 verb /fɔrˈstɔl/

forestall

Meaning
to prevent by acting in advance; to anticipate and counter
Example
They forestalled the crisis by taking immediate action.