Earthen pot
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C1 noun /ˈɜːr.θən pɒt/

Earthen pot

Meaning
a container made of baked clay or earth, used for cooking or storing
Example
The earthen pot keeps water naturally cool in summer.
C1 noun /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/

etymology

Meaning
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
Example
The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪv/

engrave

Meaning
to cut or carve a design, letter, or pattern into a hard surface
Example
The craftsman engraved her name on the silver ring.
C1 noun /ˈiːdɪkt/

edict

Meaning
An official order, proclamation, or decree issued by an authority.
Example
The king issued an edict banning smoking in public places.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪt/

extradite

Meaning
to hand over a person accused or convicted of a crime to another country or state
Example
The government agreed to extradite the fugitive to his home country.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɒtɪk/

erotic

Meaning
relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement
Example
The novel contained several erotic scenes.
C1 noun /ˈen.mə.ti/

Enmity

Meaning
a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
Example
The enmity between the two families lasted for generations.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtaɪs/

entice

Meaning
to attract or tempt someone by offering something appealing
Example
The advertisement was designed to entice customers into the store.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɔːrt/

extort

Meaning
to obtain something, especially money, by force, threats, or unfair means
Example
The gang attempted to extort money from local shopkeepers.
C1 verb ˈɛk.spɪ.daɪt

expedite

Meaning
Make an action or process happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
Example
The government took steps to expedite the approval process.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
C1 verb /ˈɪə.mɑːrk/

earmark

Meaning
To designate funds, resources, or time for a particular purpose.
Example
The government has earmarked funds for education.
C1 noun ɪˈveɪ.ʒən

evasion

Meaning
The practice of avoiding or escaping from something, especially responsibility or duty.
Example
His evasion of responsibilities frustrated his colleagues.
C1 noun /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

elevation

Meaning
The act of raising something to a higher position or level.
Example
The hikers reached a high elevation after hours of climbing.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaʊ/

endow

Meaning
To provide with a quality, ability, or gift; to donate funds for a purpose.
Example
The university was endowed with a generous donation.
C1 verb /ɪnˈreɪdʒ/

enrage

Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His unfair remarks enraged the audience.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstoʊl/

extol

Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and highly
Example
The teacher extolled the student's dedication and hard work.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrækʃən/

extraction

Meaning
the act of removing something, especially by pulling it out
Example
The extraction of oil from the ground requires special equipment.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstreɪndʒd/

estranged

Meaning
no longer close or affectionate with someone; alienated
Example
She felt estranged from her family after the long dispute.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkæp.sjʊ.leɪt/

encapsulate

Meaning
To express the essential features of something succinctly; to summarize or contain within.
Example
The introduction should encapsulate the main points of the article.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪtɪŋ/

extenuating

Meaning
serving to make a fault or an offense seem less serious
Example
She asked for leniency due to extenuating circumstances.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/

excruciating

Meaning
causing extreme physical or mental pain
Example
She was in excruciating pain after the accident.
C1 verb /ɪˈleɪt/

elate

Meaning
To make someone very happy or proud.
Example
The success of the project elated the whole team.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθi/

earthy

Meaning
resembling or suggestive of earth or soil; simple, natural, and sometimes coarse
Example
The dish had a rich, earthy flavor from the mushrooms.
C1 noun /ˈɒntʊrɑːʒ/

entourage

Meaning
A group of people attending or surrounding an important person.
Example
The celebrity arrived with her entourage of assistants and bodyguards.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡroʊs/

engross

Meaning
to absorb all the attention or interest of someone
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
C1 verb /ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

energize

Meaning
To give energy or vitality to something or someone.
Example
The motivational speech helped energize the team.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈfæt.ɪk/

Emphatic

Meaning
forceful; strong; showing emphasis; expressed with force and conviction
Example
She gave an emphatic 'no' to the proposal.
C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

Meaning
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Example
The new law promotes an egalitarian society.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

excusable

Meaning
Able to be forgiven or justified.
Example
Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl

empirical

Meaning
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Example
Scientific research relies on empirical evidence.
C1 noun /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈniː/

Examinee

Meaning
a person who is being tested in an examination
Example
Each examinee was given two hours to complete the test.
C1 verb /ɪnˈlɪst/

enlist

Meaning
to join or sign up, especially for military service; to secure someone's support or help
Example
He decided to enlist in the army after graduation.
C1 adverb ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəli

experimentally

Meaning
In a way that is based on or derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.
Example
Bose demonstrated findings experimentally.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kwɪˈlɪb.ri.əm/

equilibrium

Meaning
A state of physical balance or stability in physical, mental, or economic conditions.
Example
The market reached an equilibrium between supply and demand.
C1 noun /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

euphoria

Meaning
A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness; elation.
Example
Winning the championship brought a sense of euphoria.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstriː.mɪst/

Extremist

Meaning
a person who holds extreme political or religious views
Example
The government is taking measures to prevent extremist activities.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/

extinguish

Meaning
to put out a fire, light, or to end something
Example
The firefighters managed to extinguish the blaze within an hour.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/

entirety

Meaning
the whole of something; the complete form
Example
He watched the movie in its entirety.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/

expectancy

Meaning
the state of expecting something; anticipation or likelihood
Example
There was a sense of expectancy in the room before the results were announced.
C1 noun /ˈjuː.fə.mɪ.zəm/

euphemism

Meaning
A mild or indirect term substituted for one considered too harsh or direct; polite expression for something unpleasant.
Example
The phrase "passed away" is a euphemism for "died".
C1 adjective /ɪˈklɛktɪk/

eclectic

Meaning
Selecting or deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources.
Example
Her taste in music is eclectic, ranging from classical to hip-hop.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtæŋɡəl/

entangle

Meaning
to become twisted together or caught in something; to involve in difficulties
Example
The fish got entangled in the net.
C1 noun /ɪˈnæməl/

enamel

Meaning
a hard, glossy substance used as a protective or decorative coating; the hard outer layer of teeth
Example
The dentist explained that enamel protects the teeth from decay.
C1 verb /ɪkˈspaʊnd/

expound

Meaning
to present and explain in detail
Example
The professor expounded the theory in simple terms.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪd/

exhilarated

Meaning
feeling very happy, animated, or elated
Example
She felt exhilarated after finishing the marathon.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɛnˈtrɪsəti/

eccentricity

Meaning
the quality of being unconventional or slightly strange
Example
His eccentricity made him both admired and misunderstood.
C1 adjective /ˌiːɡəˈtɪstɪkəl/

egotistical

Meaning
Excessively self-absorbed or conceited.
Example
Her egotistical behavior made it difficult for her to maintain friendships.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɛktrɪfaɪ/

electrify

Meaning
to charge with electricity; to excite or thrill intensely
Example
The speaker's speech electrified the audience.
C1 noun ɪˈpɪf.ə.ni

epiphany

Meaning
A moment of sudden revelation or insight.
Example
He had an epiphany about his true purpose in life.
C1 noun /ˈef.ɪ.dʒi/

Effigy

Meaning
a sculpture or model of a person, especially one made as a protest
Example
The protesters burned an effigy of the corrupt politician in the square.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstiːmd/

Esteemed

Meaning
respected and admired; held in high regard
Example
He is an esteemed professor at the university.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæspəˌreɪtɪd/

exasperated

Meaning
greatly annoyed or irritated
Example
She gave him an exasperated look after his repeated mistakes.
C1 verb /ɪnˈʃraɪn/

enshrine

Meaning
to preserve or cherish something as sacred or important
Example
The constitution enshrines the right to freedom of speech.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
C1 noun /ˈɛləkwəns/

eloquence

Meaning
Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
Example
His eloquence in speech won him great respect.
C1 adjective ɪɡˈzɛmpləri

exemplary

Meaning
Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind.
Example
She was praised for her exemplary work ethic and dedication.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstætɪk/

ecstatic

Meaning
Feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or excitement.
Example
The fans were ecstatic after their team won the championship.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/

expulsion

Meaning
The act of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a school or country.
Example
His constant misbehavior led to his expulsion from school.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstræpəleɪtɪŋ/

extrapolating

Meaning
Extend the application of (a method or conclusion) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
Extrapolating from the current data, we can estimate the trends for next year.
C1 noun /ˌekspəˈzɪʃən/

exposition

Meaning
a detailed explanation or a large public exhibition
Example
The scientist gave a clear exposition of the theory.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɔːrmɪti/

enormity

Meaning
The extreme scale, seriousness, or extent of something perceived as bad or morally wrong.
Example
The enormity of the crime shocked the entire community.
C1 noun /ˈjuːlədʒi/

eulogy

Meaning
A speech or piece of writing that praises someone, especially after their death.
Example
Her brother delivered a heartfelt eulogy at the funeral.
C1 noun /ɪɡˌzɪl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

exhilaration

Meaning
A feeling of excitement, happiness, or elation.
Example
The feeling of exhilaration after a roller-coaster ride is amazing.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənt/

emergent

Meaning
just coming into existence or becoming prominent
Example
The emergent startup quickly attracted investors.
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
C1 noun /ˈɪrˌplʌɡ/

earplug

Meaning
a device inserted into the ear to block out noise or water
Example
He wore earplugs to sleep during the noisy night.
C1 verb /ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz/

economize

Meaning
To reduce spending or use resources carefully.
Example
Families are trying to economize by cutting unnecessary expenses.
C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

Meaning
Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.
Example
Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.
C1 adjective /juːˈfɔːrɪk/

euphoric

Meaning
Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.
Example
The fans were euphoric after their team's victory.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
C1 verb /ɪnˈlaɪvən/

enliven

Meaning
to make something more lively, interesting, or cheerful
Example
Her jokes helped enliven the dull meeting.
C1 adjective ˈɛl.ə.kwənt

eloquent

Meaning
Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing; clearly expressing or indicating something.
Example
Her eloquent speech inspired the entire audience.
C1 adjective /ɪˈkwɛstriən/

equestrian

Meaning
Relating to horse riding or horseback riders.
Example
She won several equestrian competitions.
C1 adjective /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tɪv/

Educative

Meaning
providing education; instructive; informative
Example
The documentary was highly educative and informative.
C1 noun ɪnˈdaʊmənt

endowment

Meaning
An income or form of property given or bequeathed to someone.
Example
The university received a large endowment for research.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.jʊˌleɪt/

emulate

Meaning
to imitate someone or something with the intent to equal or surpass
Example
Young athletes often emulate their idols.
C1 noun /ˈiː.zi tʃeər/

Easy-chair

Meaning
a comfortable chair with arms and a back that reclines
Example
He relaxed in his favorite easy-chair after work.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzɜːr.ʃən/

exertion

Meaning
Using energy or effort to achieve something.
Example
Excessive exertion can lead to fatigue and burnout.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspænsɪv/

expansive

Meaning
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
Example
They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop.
C1 noun ˈeʃ.ə.lɒn

echelon

Meaning
A level or rank in an organization, a profession, or society.
Example
He climbed to the upper echelon of the corporate world.
C1 noun ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm ˈsɜːvɪsɪz

ecosystem services

Meaning
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems.
Example
Forests provide valuable ecosystem services, such as purifying air and water.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

Meaning
Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.
Example
The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.ə.neɪt/

emanate

Meaning
To come out or spread from a source.
Example
A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden.
C1 verb /ˈiːvzdrɒp/

eavesdrop

Meaning
to secretly listen to a conversation
Example
She stood near the door to eavesdrop on their conversation.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluːsɪv/

elusive

Meaning
Difficult to find, catch, or achieve; hard to understand or define.
Example
The solution to the problem proved elusive.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

Meaning
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
Example
The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒektɪd/

ejected

Meaning
to force someone or something to leave a place; to push or throw something out forcefully
Example
The pilot was ejected from the aircraft during the emergency.
C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

Meaning
Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.
Example
The thief managed to elude the police.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstræv.ə.ɡəns/

Extravagance

Meaning
lack of restraint in spending money; excessive expense
Example
The wedding celebration was criticized for its unnecessary extravagance.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
C1 verb /ˈɛkskəˌveɪt/

excavate

Meaning
to dig out or remove earth carefully, often for building or archaeological purposes
Example
The workers excavated the site to prepare for construction.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

exacting

Meaning
demanding a lot of effort, attention, or precision
Example
She is known for her exacting standards in design.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʒen.dər/

engender

Meaning
To cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.
Example
The speech engendered hope among the people.
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ə.bəl/

Endurable

Meaning
able to be endured; bearable; tolerable
Example
The pain was endurable with proper medication.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈθrɔː.lɪŋ/

enthralling

Meaning
Captivating and holding one's attention completely; fascinating.
Example
The movie was enthralling, keeping the audience engaged till the end.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
C1 adjective /ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/

enigmatic

Meaning
mysterious and difficult to interpret or understand
Example
He gave me an enigmatic smile.
C1 noun /ˈɒntreɪ/ (UK), /ˈɑːntreɪ/ (US)

entree

Meaning
The main course of a meal (US); the right to enter or access (formal).
Example
The restaurant’s signature steak was served as the main entree.
C1 adjective ɪˈroʊ.ni.əs

erroneous

Meaning
Wrong; incorrect.
Example
His assumptions were completely erroneous.
C1 noun ɪˌræd.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

eradication

Meaning
The complete destruction or elimination of something unwanted.
Example
Carbon eradication is a key goal of the project.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡʌlf/

engulf

Meaning
to completely surround or cover something or someone
Example
The village was engulfed by floodwaters.
C1 verb /ɪkˈspend/

expend

Meaning
to use up or consume; to spend energy or resources
Example
He expended all his energy on the project.
C1 noun /ˈek.stə.si/

Ecstasy

Meaning
an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement
Example
She was in complete ecstasy when she heard the good news.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
C1 verb /ɪˈkweɪt/

equate

Meaning
To consider as equal or equivalent.
Example
Many people equate wealth with success.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/

exhaustive

Meaning
Fully comprehensive and including all possibilities.
Example
The report provides an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

Meaning
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.
C1 noun /ɪmˈbɛzlmənt/

embezzlement

Meaning
The act of dishonestly taking money or property entrusted to one's care.
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzlement of company funds.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt

exacerbate

Meaning
To make a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling worse.
Example
Climate change exacerbates flooding issues.
C1 verb /ɪˈroʊd/

erode

Meaning
to gradually wear away or destroy by natural forces such as water, wind, or chemical action
Example
The coastline has begun to erode due to constant waves.
C1 noun /ˈɛskəpeɪd/

escapade

Meaning
an adventurous, exciting, or reckless act
Example
Their summer escapade included camping and mountain climbing.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪptɪkl/

elliptical

Meaning
Having the shape of an ellipse; also, a style of speech that is concise and sometimes obscure.
Example
The planet follows an elliptical orbit around the sun.
C1 verb /ɪˈnjuːməˌreɪt/

enumerate

Meaning
to mention things one by one; to list or count
Example
She enumerated the reasons for her decision.