B2 verb /dɪˈfɜːr/

defer

Meaning

To postpone or delay; to yield to someone else's judgment or opinion.

Example

The meeting was deferred until next week.

B2 adverb /mɔːrˈoʊvər/

moreover

Meaning

Used to add information that supports or emphasizes what has already been said.

Example

The job is challenging; moreover, it requires excellent communication skills.

B2 adjective kɒnˈtek.stju.əl

contextual

Meaning

Depending on or relating to the circumstances or setting; context-dependent.

Example

Contextual meaning changes depending on usage.

B2 noun ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən

preservation

Meaning

The action of maintaining something in its original or existing state; protection from harm or damage.

Example

Proper preservation extends the lifespan of machinery.

B2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡeɪtər/

investigator

Meaning

a person who carries out a formal inquiry or investigation

Example

The investigator gathered evidence from the crime scene.

B2 noun /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/

lifetime

Meaning

The duration of a person's life or the existence of something.

Example

She achieved more in her lifetime than most people dream of.

B2 noun /droʊn/

Drone

Meaning

a male bee that does not work and whose only function is to mate with the queen

Example

The drone bees do not collect honey like worker bees.

B2 noun ˈlɛɡ.ə.si

legacy

Meaning

An amount of money or property left to someone in a will; something left or handed down by a predecessor.

Example

His contributions left a lasting legacy in the industry.

B2 noun /ˌkɔr.əˈspɑn.dəns/

Correspondence

Meaning

letters sent or received; similarity or equivalence; communication by exchange of letters

Example

The historical correspondence between the two famous writers was recently published.

B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

Meaning

People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.

Example

Intellectuals protested against the dominance.

B2 verb /ˈʃɔːrtn/

shorten

Meaning

To make something shorter in length, duration, or extent

Example

She decided to shorten her speech to fit the time limit.

B2 noun /ˈkɒm.ɪt/

Comet

Meaning

a celestial object consisting of ice and dust that develops a tail when approaching the sun

Example

Halley's Comet appears in the sky every 76 years.

B2 noun /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/

shipping

Meaning

the process of transporting goods

Example

The shipping of the products was delayed due to weather conditions.

B2 noun /ˈveɪ.pər/

Vapour

Meaning

a substance in the form of a gas, especially when it has changed from a liquid or solid state

Example

Water vapour rose from the hot pavement after the rain.

B2 noun /ˈrep.taɪl/

Reptile

Meaning

a cold-blooded animal with scaly skin that lays eggs on land

Example

The lizard is a common reptile found in gardens.

B2 verb dɪsˈrʌpt

disrupt

Meaning

To interrupt or disturb the normal progress or activity of something.

Example

Individual pursuits disrupt social harmony.

B2 verb /ˈfɜːrnɪʃ/

furnish

Meaning

to provide or supply with furniture or equipment

Example

They furnished the new house with modern furniture.

B2 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

complement

Meaning

something that completes or goes well with something; to add something that enhances or improves

Example

The scarf complements her outfit perfectly.

B2 noun rɪˈsɛʃ.ən

recession

Meaning

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.

Example

The country faced a severe recession due to the financial crisis.

B2 noun/verb /skɔːrn/

scorn

Meaning

the feeling or expression of contempt or disdain; to treat with contempt

Example

She looked at him with open scorn.

B2 adjective /ˈtraɪbəl/

tribal

Meaning

relating to a tribe or tribes, especially indigenous people

Example

The tribal community has preserved its culture for centuries.

B2 adjective /trɪm/

Trim

Meaning

neat and orderly in appearance; slim and fit

Example

She keeps her garden very trim and tidy.

B2 noun /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

craving

Meaning

a strong desire for something

Example

She has a craving for chocolate every evening.

B2 verb /ræm/

ram

Meaning

to strike or push something with great force

Example

The truck rammed into the wall.

B2 noun /ˈtrʌmpɪt/

Trumpet

Meaning

a brass musical instrument with a brilliant tone; military signal instrument

Example

The soldier played the trumpet to signal the troops.

B2 noun /ˈfleɪvər/

flavor

Meaning

The distinctive taste of a food or drink.

Example

This ice cream has a delicious mango flavor.

B2 noun /ˌreɡ.jʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

Regularity

Meaning

the quality of being regular; occurring at fixed intervals or in a consistent pattern

Example

The regularity of his exercise routine helped him stay healthy.

B2 adverb /ˈʌt.ə.li/

Utterly

Meaning

completely; absolutely; totally

Example

The movie was utterly boring and I fell asleep.

B2 noun /ˈdeb.riː/

debris

Meaning

Scattered pieces of waste or remains.

Example

Debris in the eyes causes irritation.

B2 adjective /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl/

fundamental

Meaning

forming a necessary base or core; of central importance

Example

Honesty is a fundamental principle of good leadership.

B2 noun /bɪzˈnɛs sʌˈsɛs/

business success

Meaning

The achievement of desired outcomes in business operations, typically measured by profitability, growth, and sustainability.

Example

Innovation drives business success.

B2 noun ˈbɛntʃˌmɑːr.kɪŋ

benchmarking

Meaning

Comparing with a specific industry or competitor to set the best standards.

Example

Companies use benchmarking to assess their performance.

B2 adjective /ˈfɪr.fəl/

fearful

Meaning

feeling afraid or showing fear

Example

She was fearful of walking alone at night.

B2 noun /ˈtʃɪk piː/

Chick pea

Meaning

round beige legume; protein-rich pulse used in various dishes

Example

Soak the chick peas overnight before cooking them for better digestion.

B2 noun dɪˈveləpɪŋ ˈriːdʒənz

developing regions

Meaning

Areas or countries that are in the process of economic growth and development

Example

Pollution affects developing regions the most.

B2 verb /səbˈtrækt/

subtract

Meaning

to take away a number or amount from another number or amount

Example

If you subtract 5 from 10, you get 5.

B2 noun /ˈnɛtˌwɜːkɪŋ/

networking

Meaning

The action of establishing connections and relationships, especially for career or business purposes.

Example

Networking is important for career development.

B2 noun /ˈleɪaʊt/

layout

Meaning

the arrangement or design of something, especially the arrangement of elements in a book, webpage, or room

Example

The designer presented a new layout for the website that was much more user-friendly.

B2 noun /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən/

medication

Meaning

a drug or other form of medicine used to treat or prevent disease

Example

The doctor prescribed medication for his headache.

B2 noun /prækˈtɪʃ.ən.ər/

practitioner

Meaning

a person actively engaged in a profession, especially medicine or law

Example

She is a skilled medical practitioner.

B2 verb /krʌʃ/

crush

Meaning

to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or destroyed

Example

He accidentally crushed the paper cup in his hand.

B2 noun /ˈliːf.lət/

Leaflet

Meaning

a printed sheet of paper containing information or advertising and usually distributed free

Example

She handed out leaflets about the environmental campaign.

B2 noun /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

willingness

Meaning

the quality of being prepared or ready to do something

Example

Her willingness to help others made her very popular.

B2 noun /ˈaɪ.saɪt/

Eyesight

Meaning

the ability to see; vision

Example

Regular eye checkups are important for maintaining good eyesight.

B2 verb /ˈɡʌvərn/

govern

Meaning

to control and direct the public policy and affairs of a state, organization, or people

Example

The president governs the country wisely.

B2 adjective /ʌnˈbreɪkəbəl/

Unbreakable

Meaning

not able to be broken or damaged; very strong and durable

Example

Their friendship formed an unbreakable bond.

B2 noun /daɪˈmen.ʃənz/

dimensions

Meaning

Aspects or features of a situation, problem, or thing.

Example

New dimensions of space exploration are being uncovered.

B2 noun /beɪ/

Bay

Meaning

a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward

Example

The boats are anchored in the bay.

B2 noun səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt

Sustainable Development

Meaning

Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Example

Eco-tourism contributes to sustainable development in local communities.

B2 noun /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tʃər/

Signature

Meaning

a person's name written in their own handwriting as identification or authorization

Example

Please put your signature at the bottom of the document.

B2 verb /ˌriːəˈʃʊr/

reassure

Meaning

to say or do something to remove someone's doubts or fears

Example

The teacher reassured the students before the exam.

B2 noun /prɪˈkɔː.ʃən/

Precaution

Meaning

an action taken in advance to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening

Example

As a precaution, we should bring extra water on the hike.

B2 noun /ˌren.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

Renovation

Meaning

the act of renovating; restoration to a former better state

Example

The old house underwent a complete renovation last year.

B2 adjective /teɪm/

Tame

Meaning

domesticated and not wild; gentle and easy to control

Example

The tame lion performed tricks in the circus.

B2 verb əˈpɔɪn.tɪd

appointed

Meaning

Assign a job or role to someone; designate someone to a position.

Example

Appointed officials carry significant responsibilities.

B2 noun /ˈfaɪbər/

fiber

Meaning

a thread or filament from which a textile is formed; dietary substance from plants that aids digestion

Example

Fruits and vegetables are high in fiber.

B2 adjective /æpt/

apt

Meaning

Appropriate or suitable; having a natural tendency or quick to learn.

Example

She is an apt student who quickly understands new concepts.

B2 noun/verb /swɔːrm/

swarm

Meaning

A large group of insects or people moving together.

Example

A swarm of bees surrounded the tree.

B2 adjective /ˈmɪθɪkəl/

Mythical

Meaning

existing only in myths or legends; imaginary or fictitious

Example

Dragons are mythical creatures that appear in many cultures.

B2 noun ˌvɛdʒɪˈteɪʃən

vegetation

Meaning

Plants considered collectively, especially those found in a particular region.

Example

The forest was dense with a wide variety of vegetation.

B2 verb /rɪp/

rip

Meaning

to tear something quickly or violently

Example

He accidentally ripped his shirt on the fence.

B2 noun /ˈsɪmpəθi/

Sympathy

Meaning

feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune

Example

She expressed her sympathy for the victims of the accident.

B2 noun, verb /skruː/

screw

Meaning

a metal fastener with a helical ridge; to fasten or tighten something with a screw

Example

He screwed the shelf to the wall tightly.

B2 noun /ˈlɒbi/

lobby

Meaning

a large open area near the entrance of a building; also a group trying to influence decisions.

Example

We met the manager in the hotel lobby before the meeting.

B2 verb /əˈkɒmədeɪt/

accommodate

Meaning

To provide lodging, space, or meet the needs of someone.

Example

The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests.

B2 adjective /ɪˈlæs.tɪk/

Elastic

Meaning

able to stretch and return to original shape; flexible; adaptable

Example

The elastic band can stretch and return to its original shape.

B2 adjective /ˈbaɪəst/

Biased

Meaning

showing prejudice for or against someone or something unfairly

Example

The judge was accused of being biased against the defendant.

B2 noun ˌpʌŋkˈtʃʊəlɪti

punctuality

Meaning

The quality of being on time; the habit of arriving or doing things at the agreed or proper time.

Example

Punctuality is a valued trait in professional settings.

B2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrtəbl/

convertible

Meaning

able to be changed into a different form or use; also a car with a roof that can be folded down

Example

She drove her new convertible along the coastal road.

B2 verb, noun /stɔːl/

stall

Meaning

to stop or cause to stop temporarily; a small shop or stand

Example

The car stalled on the way to the office.

B2 adjective /ʌnˈwɪl.ɪŋ/

Unwilling

Meaning

not ready to do something; reluctant; not wanting to do

Example

He was unwilling to share his secret with anyone.

B2 noun ˈlɪt.ər.ə.si ˌreɪts

literacy rates

Meaning

The percentage of people in a population who can read and write; measures of educational levels in a population.

Example

Literacy rates impact socioeconomic conditions.

B2 noun /ˈvɪɡ.ər/

Vigour

Meaning

physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm

Example

She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation.

B2 adjective /ˈtaɪm.li/

Timely

Meaning

happening at the right time; punctual

Example

His timely arrival saved the meeting.

B2 noun /nɒsˈtæl.dʒə/

nostalgia

Meaning

A sentimental longing for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations.

Example

Listening to old songs fills me with nostalgia.

B2 adjective /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/

cynical

Meaning

Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.

Example

She was cynical about the politician's promises.

B2 adverb /ˈsɛkʃuəli/

sexually

Meaning

in a way that relates to or involves sexual activity or feelings

Example

The film was considered too sexually explicit for young audiences.

B2 noun /sliːv/

Sleeve

Meaning

the part of a garment that covers the arm

Example

She rolled up her sleeves before starting to cook.

B2 noun /ˈnæp.kɪn/

Nap Kin

Meaning

a piece of cloth or paper used for wiping the mouth and hands while eating

Example

She placed the napkin on her lap before starting dinner.

B2 verb /ɪˈvoʊk/

evoke

Meaning

to bring a feeling, memory, or image into the mind

Example

The old song evoked memories of her childhood.

B2 noun /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

adjustment

Meaning

a small change made to improve something or make it work better

Example

The doctor made an adjustment to the patient’s medication.

B2 verb /ɪkˈsiːd/

exceed

Meaning

to go beyond a limit or expectation

Example

The athlete exceeded everyone's expectations by winning the gold medal.

B2 noun /ˈtɛkstʃər/

texture

Meaning

the way something feels when you touch it; the quality of a surface or substance

Example

The fabric has a soft and smooth texture.

B2 verb /pruːn/

prune

Meaning

to cut off unwanted parts of a plant or tree to help it grow better

Example

Gardeners prune the trees in spring to encourage growth.

B2 noun /ˈsɪmp.təmz/

symptoms

Meaning

signs or indications of a disease or condition

Example

Fever and cough are common symptoms of the flu.

B2 noun /ˈkæbɪnət/

Cabinet

Meaning

a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storage

Example

The kitchen cabinet is full of dishes and utensils.

B2 noun /hʌb/

hub

Meaning

the central part of a place or activity where things converge

Example

The city is the hub of the country's trade network.

B2 noun /ˈbærəl/

barrel

Meaning

a large cylindrical container used to hold liquids

Example

The wine was stored in a wooden barrel.

B2 noun /ˈhʌrɪkən/

hurricane

Meaning

A violent tropical storm with very strong winds and heavy rain.

Example

The hurricane destroyed hundreds of homes along the coast.

B2 adjective /dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv/

definitive

Meaning

serving as a final or most authoritative form; conclusive and decisive

Example

The committee reached a definitive agreement on the policy.

B2 adjective /ˈstʌdid/

studied

Meaning

carefully considered, deliberate, or planned

Example

Her response was calm and studied, not impulsive.

B2 noun /ˈpɪt.ʃər/

Pitcher

Meaning

a large container with a handle and spout used for storing and pouring liquids

Example

The water pitcher on the table was filled with ice-cold lemonade.

B2 noun /ˈtɛnənsi/

tenancy

Meaning

The possession or occupation of land or property as a tenant.

Example

The tenancy agreement was signed for two years.

B2 noun /ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃən/

simulation

Meaning

the imitation of a situation or process

Example

The simulation helped the students understand the complex theory.

B2 noun /rek/

Wreck

Meaning

the destruction or disabling of a ship or vehicle; something that has been badly damaged or destroyed

Example

The car wreck blocked the highway for hours.

B2 verb /nɪˈɡlekt/

neglect

Meaning

to fail to care for or give attention to something

Example

Don't neglect your health while studying.

B2 noun /iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/

ecology

Meaning

the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

Example

Ecology helps us understand how pollution affects animals and plants.

B2 noun (plural) /ˈtæk.tɪks/

tactics

Meaning

specific methods or actions used to achieve a goal, especially in military or competition

Example

The team changed their tactics to win the game.

B2 adjective /ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl/

experimental

Meaning

based on untested ideas or techniques; relating to experiments or testing

Example

The scientists developed an experimental drug to treat cancer.

B2 verb /flɪp/

flip

Meaning

to turn over quickly or suddenly; to toss lightly

Example

She flipped the pancake in the pan.

B2 noun /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/

accomplishment

Meaning

something that has been achieved successfully

Example

Graduating from university was a major accomplishment for him.

B2 adverb /ˈwɔːm.li/

Warmly

Meaning

in a warm manner; with warmth; cordially; affectionately

Example

She welcomed the guests warmly at the door.

B2 adjective /ˈneɪ.kɪd/

Naked

Meaning

without clothes or covering; bare; exposed; unclothed

Example

The naked truth about the situation shocked everyone.

B2 adjective /ˈærəɡənt/

Arrogant

Meaning

having an exaggerated sense of one's importance; proud

Example

His arrogant behavior made him very unpopular.

B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl

carbon-neutral

Meaning

Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.

Example

The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.

B2 adverb /ˌoʊvərˈnaɪt/

Overnight

Meaning

during the night; suddenly; very quickly

Example

The city was transformed overnight.

B2 adverb /ˈmɪzərəbli/

Miserably

Meaning

in a wretched or unhappy manner; extremely badly

Example

The team performed miserably in the championship.

B2 adverb /ˈsoʊʃəli/

socially

Meaning

in a way that relates to society or social interaction

Example

He is very active socially and attends many events.

B2 verb /dɪˈvaɪz/

devise

Meaning

To plan or invent something carefully.

Example

The engineers devised a new method to reduce costs.

B2 noun /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

component

Meaning

a part or element of a larger whole, especially a machine or system

Example

The engine is the most important component of the car.

B2 adjective /ˈtiːdiəs/

Tedious

Meaning

tiresome because of length or dullness; boring and monotonous

Example

The lecture was so tedious that many students fell asleep.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪkəl/

comical

Meaning

Funny in a strange or silly way; amusing.

Example

His comical expressions made everyone laugh.

B2 adjective /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd/

specialized

Meaning

designed or developed for a particular purpose or function

Example

He has a specialized knowledge of ancient civilizations.

B2 adjective /ˈflɔːrəl/

floral

Meaning

Relating to flowers or decorated with flowers.

Example

She wore a beautiful floral dress to the party.

B2 noun bjʊəˈrɒk.rə.si

bureaucracy

Meaning

A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Example

Excessive bureaucracy can slow down decision-making.

B2 adjective /ɪkˈstɜːr.nəl/

External

Meaning

coming from or relating to the outside; not belonging to or originating from within

Example

The company hired external consultants to review their business strategy.

B2 adjective /ˈsɛksi/

sexy

Meaning

sexually attractive or exciting

Example

She wore a sexy red dress to the party.

B2 adjective /ˈnoʊtəbl/

notable

Meaning

worthy of attention or notice; remarkable

Example

She made a notable contribution to the project.

B2 noun /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

manipulation

Meaning

The action of manipulating someone or something in a skillful manner; handling or controlling in a subtle, unfair, or unscrupulous way.

Example

Media manipulation influences public opinion.

B2 noun /eɪd/

aide

Meaning

An assistant or helper, especially to an important person.

Example

The senator’s aide organized the meeting with journalists.

B2 noun/verb /ˈslɔː.tər/

slaughter

Meaning

the killing of animals for food; killing in large numbers violently

Example

The army slaughtered hundreds of enemy soldiers.