curly
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B1 adjective /ˈkɜːrli/

curly

Meaning
having curls or waves; shaped with bends or coils
Example
She has naturally curly hair.
B1 noun /klɑːrk/

clerk

Meaning
A person employed in an office or bank to keep records, accounts, and undertake other routine administrative duties.
Example
The clerk helped me find the correct form.
B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

Meaning
a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority
Example
The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.
B1 noun /ˌkæl.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən/

Calculation

Meaning
a mathematical determination of the size or number of something
Example
His calculation of the total cost was accurate to the penny.
B1 noun ˈkʌrənsi

currency

Meaning
A system of money in general use in a particular country; the fact or quality of being generally accepted or in use.
Example
Dual currency systems were proposed.
B1 noun /ˈklaɪənt/

client

Meaning
A person or organization using the services of a professional or company.
Example
The lawyer met with her client to discuss the case.
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzən/

citizen

Meaning
a legally recognized subject or national of a state
Example
Every citizen has the right to vote.
B1 noun /ˈkærɪdʒ/

carriage

Meaning
a vehicle, typically a four-wheeled one, used for transporting goods or people, especially in the past
Example
The royal family traveled in a beautiful carriage during parades.
B1 verb /ˈkæptʃər/

capture

Meaning
to take control of something or someone by force
Example
The soldiers managed to capture the enemy base.
B1 noun /keɪv/

Cave

Meaning
a large underground chamber in a hill or cliff; a hollow space in rock
Example
The explorers discovered ancient paintings on the cave walls.
B1 adverb /ˈkloʊsli/

closely

Meaning
in a way that is very near in space, time, or relationship; carefully and attentively
Example
The detective examined the evidence closely.
B1 noun /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/

championship

Meaning
a competition to decide who is the best in a particular sport or activity.
Example
The championship will be held next month.
B1 verb /koʊˈɑːpəreɪt/

cooperate

Meaning
to work together; to collaborate
Example
The teams cooperate to achieve their common goals.
B1 adverb /ˈkʌrəntli/

currently

Meaning
at the present time; now
Example
He is currently working on a new project.
B1 noun /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/

ceremony

Meaning
A formal event or occasion, often with rituals and traditions.
Example
The graduation ceremony was held in the university hall.
B1 noun/verb /koʊd/

code

Meaning
a system of words, letters, or symbols used to represent information or instructions
Example
He wrote a code to solve the problem on the computer.
B1 noun /kənˈviː.ni.əns/

Convenience

Meaning
the state of being able to proceed with something without difficulty; a thing that contributes to an easy way of life
Example
The convenience of online shopping has changed how people buy products.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɪli/

chilly

Meaning
uncomfortably or unpleasantly cold
Example
It was a chilly morning in December.
B1 noun kəˈmɪt.mənt

commitment

Meaning
A promise or firm decision to do something; the state or quality of being dedicated to a cause or activity.
Example
The president reaffirmed his commitment to environmental protection.
B1 noun /ˈkɒntɛkst/

context

Meaning
the circumstances or background relevant to an event, statement, or idea
Example
To understand the quote, you need to know the context in which it was said.
B1 noun /ˈkɑːr.pən.tər/

Carpenter

Meaning
a person who makes and repairs wooden objects and structures
Example
The carpenter built a beautiful wooden cabinet for the kitchen.
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/

citizenship

Meaning
the status of being a recognized member of a state or country, with rights and duties
Example
He applied for American citizenship after living there for ten years.
B1 verb /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

criticize

Meaning
to express disapproval or find fault with someone or something
Example
The teacher criticized the student's poor handwriting.
B1 noun kəˈmɪt.mənts

commitments

Meaning
Formal pledges or promises to do something, especially in terms of obligations or agreements.
Example
Global commitments to renewable energy are increasing.
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
B1 noun /klɪf/

cliff

Meaning
a high, steep face of rock or earth
Example
The waves crashed against the bottom of the cliff.
B1 noun /ˈsɜːr.kəmˌsˌtæn.sɪz/

Circumstances

Meaning
the conditions that affect a situation, action, or event; facts or conditions connected with or relevant to an event
Example
Under normal circumstances, she would have arrived by now.
B1 noun /ˈker.ləs.nəs/

Carelessness

Meaning
failure to give sufficient attention to avoiding harm or errors
Example
His carelessness with money led to serious financial problems.
B1 noun /kæˈʃɪər/

Cashier

Meaning
a person who handles payments and transactions in a store or bank
Example
The cashier scanned all the items and calculated the total bill.
B1 noun /kənˈsjuːmər/

consumer

Meaning
A person who buys and uses goods and services.
Example
The company focuses on understanding consumer needs.
B1 noun /ˈkær.ə.væn/

Caravan

Meaning
a group of people traveling together, especially through desert areas
Example
The merchant caravan crossed the desert with camels carrying precious goods.
B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

chairwoman

Meaning
a woman who presides over a meeting, committee, or organization; a female leader of a board or council
Example
She was elected chairwoman of the company after years of experience.
B1 noun /ˈkɒtən/

cotton

Meaning
A soft white fibrous substance used to make cloth and thread.
Example
This shirt is made of pure cotton.
B1 verb /tʃɒp/

chop

Meaning
to cut with a sharp tool; to cut into pieces
Example
She chops vegetables for dinner.
B1 adjective ˈkruː.ʃəl

crucial

Meaning
Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
Example
Fault-tolerance is crucial for reliability.
B1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌmiːtər/

centimeter

Meaning
A metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter.
Example
The table is 120 centimeters long.
B1 adjective /ˈklæsɪk/

classic

Meaning
Judged over a period of time to be of the highest quality and outstanding of its kind.
Example
That movie is a classic example of 90s comedy.
B1 noun /ˈkændɪdeɪt/

candidate

Meaning
A person who applies for a job or is nominated for election.
Example
The candidate gave a strong speech during the debate.
B1 adjective ˈkɒmplɛks

complex

Meaning
Having many interrelated parts or factors; complicated.
Example
The relationship between poverty and education is complex.
B1 noun /ˈkætl/

cattle

Meaning
large domesticated animals such as cows and bulls that are kept on a farm for their milk, meat, or hides
Example
The farmer owns a herd of cattle that graze near the river.
B1 adjective /kənˈsɪdərəbl/

considerable

Meaning
large in amount, size, or importance
Example
The project required a considerable amount of time and money.
B1 noun /ˌkjʊr.iˈɑs.ɪ.ti/

Curiosity

Meaning
a strong desire to know or learn something; an unusual or interesting object or fact
Example
Her curiosity about different cultures led her to travel around the world.
B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

Meaning
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent
Example
She is capable of handling complex problems.
B1 noun /kənˈsʌltənt/

consultant

Meaning
A professional who provides expert advice in a particular area.
Example
The company hired a consultant to improve its marketing strategy.
B1 verb /kənˈsʌlt/

consult

Meaning
To seek advice or information from someone with expertise.
Example
You should consult a doctor before starting the treatment.
B1 noun /ˈkɛmɪstri/

chemistry

Meaning
the branch of science that studies substances and their interactions; also the emotional connection between people
Example
They have great chemistry and work well together.
B1 noun /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

circumstance

Meaning
a fact or condition connected with an event or action
Example
She handled the difficult circumstances bravely.
B1 adjective /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/

Convenient

Meaning
fitting in well with a person's needs, activities, and plans; suitable and practical
Example
The new shopping mall is very convenient for our family.
B1 noun ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən

conservation

Meaning
The protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity.
Example
Conservation of forests is crucial for climate stability.
B1 noun, verb /ˈkɒndʌkt/ (noun), /kənˈdʌkt/ (verb)

conduct

Meaning
to organize or carry out; or a person's behavior
Example
The teacher conducted the exam fairly.
B1 noun /kriˈeɪ.ʃən/

Creation

Meaning
the action or process of bringing something into existence; something that has been made or invented
Example
The artist's latest creation was displayed at the modern art gallery.
B1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃəs/

cautious

Meaning
careful to avoid potential problems or dangers
Example
She was cautious about trusting strangers.
B1 verb /kənˈɡrætʃʊleɪt/

congratulate

Meaning
to praise someone for an achievement or for a special occasion
Example
I want to congratulate you on your promotion.
B1 noun /kæmˈpeɪn/

Campaign

Meaning
an organized course of action to achieve a particular goal; a series of military operations
Example
The environmental campaign successfully raised awareness about climate change.
B1 noun ˈtʃæt.dʒiː.piː.tiː

ChatGPT

Meaning
A language-based artificial intelligence model designed for conversational interactions.
Example
ChatGPT helps users generate human-like text efficiently.
B1 adjective /kəˈmɪtɪd/

committed

Meaning
Dedicated and loyal to a cause, activity, or relationship.
Example
She is a committed teacher who cares deeply for her students.
B1 noun /kəˈrɛkʃən/

correction

Meaning
the action or process of correcting something
Example
The teacher made a correction to the student's essay.
B1 noun /ˈkæbɪn/

cabin

Meaning
a small shelter or house, often made of wood in a remote area
Example
They spent the weekend in a cozy cabin in the mountains.
B1 noun /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/

consideration

Meaning
careful thought or attention to something before making a decision
Example
After much consideration, she accepted the job offer.
B1 noun /ˈkwaɪər/

choir

Meaning
An organized group of singers, typically performing in church services or concerts.
Example
The choir sang beautifully during the ceremony.
B1 noun ˈkɒnsept

concept

Meaning
An abstract idea or general notion
Example
The concept of chasing two rabbits teaches focus.
B1 noun /ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

civilization

Meaning
the stage of human social and cultural development and organization considered most advanced
Example
Ancient Egypt is known for its remarkable civilization.
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.træst/

Contrast

Meaning
the state of being strikingly different from something else; comparison showing differences
Example
The contrast between city life and rural life is quite remarkable.
B1 adverb /ˈkɑːm.li/

Calmly

Meaning
in a peaceful way without showing strong emotions; quietly and without excitement
Example
She spoke calmly despite being angry.
B1 noun /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

composition

Meaning
the act of creating a piece of writing, music, or art; the way parts are arranged
Example
Her composition won first prize in the contest.
B1 noun /kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/

Comparison

Meaning
the act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things
Example
The teacher made a comparison between the two poems to show their different styles.
B1 verb /kənˈsuːm/

consume

Meaning
to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy completely
Example
We consume a lot of water during summer.
B1 noun /ˈkemɪst/

chemist

Meaning
a scientist who studies chemistry; a person trained to prepare and dispense medicines
Example
The chemist analyzed the sample to determine its composition.
B1 noun /ˈkɔːlɪˌflaʊər/

Cauliflower

Meaning
white vegetable with a compact head of undeveloped flower buds
Example
Roasted cauliflower makes a delicious and healthy side dish.
B1 adjective /kriˈeɪtɪv/

creative

Meaning
Having the ability to produce new and original ideas or things.
Example
She is very creative in her writing.
B1 adjective kəˈmɜː.ʃəl

commercial

Meaning
Concerned with or engaged in commerce; having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic or other value.
Example
Commercial hubs attract investments.
B1 noun /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/

Capital

Meaning
the most important city or town of a country or region; wealth in the form of money or assets
Example
Paris is the capital of France and also a major financial capital.
B1 noun /tʃɪn/

Chin

Meaning
the protruding part of the face below the mouth, formed by the apex of the lower jaw
Example
He stroked his beard thoughtfully, resting his hand on his chin.
B1 verb /kəmˈpiːt/

compete

Meaning
to try to win or be more successful than others in a contest or activity
Example
Several companies compete for dominance in the market.
B1 noun /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/

cottage

Meaning
a small simple house, typically in the countryside
Example
They spent their vacation in a cozy cottage by the lake.
B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

Meaning
managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits
Example
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
B1 noun /tʃɑːrm/

Charm

Meaning
the power or quality of giving delight or arousing admiration; a magical spell or talisman
Example
Her natural charm and wit made her popular at social gatherings.
B1 noun /sɛl/

cell

Meaning
a small basic unit of life; or a small enclosed space like a prison room
Example
The prisoner was locked in a small cell.
B1 noun /ˈkɜː.ri/

Curry

Meaning
a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in an Indian-style sauce with hot spices
Example
I love spicy chicken curry with rice.
B1 noun /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

Charity

Meaning
the voluntary giving of help to those in need; kindness and tolerance in judging others
Example
The wealthy businessman donated millions to charity for education.
B1 verb, noun /klɪp/

clip

Meaning
to cut or trim something; a short extract from a film, broadcast, or recording
Example
She clipped the coupon from the newspaper.
B1 noun/adjective /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/

characteristic

Meaning
A distinguishing quality or feature of a person, place, or thing.
Example
Kindness is a characteristic of true leadership.
B1 noun /kəˈnuː/

Canoe

Meaning
a narrow boat pointed at both ends and moved with a paddle
Example
They paddled their canoe down the peaceful stream.
B1 adjective /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/

Casual

Meaning
relaxed and unconcerned; happening by chance; informal
Example
He wore casual clothes to the party.
B1 noun /kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/

cooperation

Meaning
The process of working together to the same end.
Example
Cooperation ensures effective problem-solving.
B1 verb /kəˈmɪt/

commit

Meaning
To carry out or perpetrate an act; to pledge or bind to a course of action.
Example
He committed a serious mistake in the report.
B1 noun /ˈkæləri/

calorie

Meaning
A unit of energy, often used to measure the energy content of food and drink.
Example
She checks the calorie count before eating any packaged food.
B1 noun /kræb/

Crab

Meaning
a crustacean with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are modified as pincers
Example
The crab scuttled sideways across the sand.
B1 adverb /ˈkɒnstəntli/

Constantly

Meaning
continuously over a period of time; always; without stopping
Example
The baby was constantly crying throughout the night.
B1 noun /kəmˈpleɪnt/

complaint

Meaning
a statement that something is wrong or not satisfactory
Example
The manager received a complaint from a customer about poor service.
B1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈprəʊɡræmz

Community Programs

Meaning
Organized activities involving local groups to promote environmental conservation.
Example
Community programs raise awareness about butterfly conservation.
B1 verb /kəˈmænd/

command

Meaning
to give an order authoritatively; to control or direct
Example
The general commanded the soldiers to move forward.
B1 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət/

climate

Meaning
The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general.
Example
Climate change impacts all regions globally.
B1 noun /kənˌɡrætʃəˈleɪʃən/

congratulation

Meaning
an expression of praise or joy for someone’s achievement or good fortune
Example
She sent a congratulation to her friend on winning the award.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/

challenging

Meaning
difficult in a way that tests one's abilities
Example
The mountain climb was challenging but rewarding.
B1 noun /kruː/

crew

Meaning
A group of people working together, especially on a ship, aircraft, or project.
Example
The ship's crew worked tirelessly during the storm.
B1 adjective /ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd/

complicated

Meaning
consisting of many interconnected parts; difficult to understand
Example
The instructions for the machine are too complicated to follow.
B1 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl/

council

Meaning
an assembly of people chosen or elected to make decisions or advise on matters
Example
The city council voted to improve public transportation.
B1 noun /ˈkæt.ər.pɪl.ər/

Caterpillar

Meaning
the larva of a butterfly or moth that feeds on plants
Example
The caterpillar ate all the leaves on the plant.
B1 noun /tʃɑːrt/

chart

Meaning
a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram
Example
The teacher used a chart to explain the statistics.
B1 adjective /ˈkəʊstəl/

coastal

Meaning
relating to or near a coast or shoreline
Example
They built a resort in a coastal area.
B1 noun /kəˈnæl/

canal

Meaning
an artificial waterway constructed for navigation, irrigation, or drainage
Example
The canal was built to help transport goods across the region.
B1 noun /ˌsiːiːˈoʊ/

ceo

Meaning
The highest-ranking person in a company, responsible for overall management.
Example
The CEO announced a new strategy for the company.
B1 noun, verb /ˈkrɛdɪt/

credit

Meaning
As a noun: the ability to obtain goods or services before payment; recognition for an achievement. As a verb: to publicly acknowledge someone's contribution.
Example
She received credit for her contribution to the project.
B1 noun /ˈkɒnflɪkt/

conflict

Meaning
A serious disagreement or argument, often a prolonged one.
Example
The two countries are trying to resolve the conflict through negotiations.
B1 adverb /ˈkeərləsli/

carelessly

Meaning
without care or attention; in a negligent or reckless manner
Example
He carelessly left the door unlocked.
B1 noun /ˈkɒkˌteɪl/

cocktail

Meaning
a mixed drink typically containing alcohol and other ingredients.
Example
She ordered a cocktail at the bar.
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dəns/

Confidence

Meaning
the feeling or belief that one can rely on someone or something; firm trust; self-assurance
Example
She spoke with great confidence during the job interview.
B1 verb /kəmˈbaɪn/

combine

Meaning
To bring two or more things together to form a single unit.
Example
They decided to combine their resources for the project.
B1 noun /koʊm/

Comb

Meaning
a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair
Example
She used a comb to style her hair before the party.
B1 noun /ˈtʃɪl.i/

Chilly/Chilli

Meaning
noticeably cold; a hot-tasting pod of a variety of capsicum, used as a spice
Example
The chef added red chilli to make the curry spicier.
B1 noun ˈtʃɑː.dʒɪŋ

charging

Meaning
The process of supplying electrical energy to recharge a battery or power source.
Example
Electric vehicle charging stations are increasing in cities.
B1 noun /kɔːr/

core

Meaning
the central or most important part of something
Example
Honesty is at the core of their values.
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
B1 verb /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/

concentrate

Meaning
to focus all one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
She tried to concentrate on her studies despite the noise.
B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

Meaning
to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings
Example
They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.
B1 noun /kənˈfjuː.ʒən/

Confusion

Meaning
lack of understanding; uncertainty; the state of being bewildered or unclear in one's mind
Example
There was confusion about the meeting time, so half the team arrived late.
B1 noun /ˈsiːlɪŋ/

ceiling

Meaning
the upper interior surface of a room
Example
The ceiling of the hall was painted beautifully.
B1 noun /ˈkaʊnti/

county

Meaning
A territorial division within a country, typically a region with its own local government.
Example
She grew up in a small county in northern England.
B1 noun kəˈpæs.ə.ti

capacity

Meaning
The maximum amount that something can contain or produce; the ability or power to do or understand something.
Example
The cable has the capacity to handle vast data traffic.
B1 noun /ˈkɒləm/

column

Meaning
A vertical structure that supports a building; also a section of text arranged vertically in a newspaper or table.
Example
The ancient temple had tall marble columns.