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B2 verb /kənˈsoʊl/

console

Meaning
to comfort someone who is sad or disappointed; to provide solace
Example
She tried to console her friend after the loss.
B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

Meaning
a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances
Example
The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/

counseling

Meaning
professional guidance or therapy to help resolve personal or psychological problems
Example
She decided to go for counseling after feeling stressed for months.
B2 verb /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/

complicate

Meaning
To make something more difficult or confusing.
Example
The new rules will only complicate the process.
B2 adjective /ˈsel.jə.lər/

Cellular

Meaning
relating to cells; consisting of cells; relating to mobile phone technology
Example
Cellular technology has revolutionized communication.
B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

Meaning
A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
Example
The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.
B2 noun kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

collaboration

Meaning
The action of working with someone to produce or create something
Example
International collaboration is necessary to fight pollution.
B2 verb /ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪkt/

contradict

Meaning
to say or show the opposite of something that has been said or believed
Example
His actions contradict his words.
B2 adjective /ˈklʌm.zi/

clumsy

Meaning
awkward in movement or lacking skill
Example
He is so clumsy that he drops things all the time.
B2 adverb /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/

consequently

Meaning
as a result; therefore
Example
He didn’t study, and consequently he failed the exam.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
B2 noun /ˈsen.tɪ.piːd/

Centipede

Meaning
a long thin creature with many legs that lives in dark places
Example
I found a centipede crawling under the rock.
B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

Meaning
following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential
Example
She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.
B2 noun /kɒt/

Cot

Meaning
a small bed, especially a portable one or one for a baby
Example
The baby sleeps peacefully in her cot.
B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

Meaning
matching or related to something
Example
The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.
B2 noun /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/

Chaos

Meaning
complete disorder and confusion; a state of total confusion with no order
Example
The earthquake caused chaos in the city as buildings collapsed and people panicked.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
B2 noun, adjective /ˈkɒrəl/

coral

Meaning
a hard, rock-like marine organism formed by tiny sea animals; a pinkish-orange color resembling coral
Example
The coral in the reef provides shelter for many sea creatures.
B2 preposition /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/

concerning

Meaning
about or relating to something; causing worry or anxiety
Example
There are some reports concerning the new project.
B2 noun /kɜːrv/

Curve

Meaning
a line or outline that gradually deviates from being straight; a bend or turn in a road or path
Example
The driver slowed down as he approached the sharp curve in the mountain road.
B2 noun /ˈkænən/

Cannon

Meaning
large heavy gun that fires cannonballs or shells
Example
The castle was defended by several large cannons.
B2 noun /kənˌtɪn.juˈeɪ.ʃən/

continuation

Meaning
the action of carrying something on over time; extension
Example
The continuation of the series was announced after the finale.
B2 verb /kənˈsɜːrv/

conserve

Meaning
to protect something from harm or destruction; to use resources carefully to avoid waste
Example
We must conserve water during the dry season.
B2 verb /kənˈstrʌkt/

construct

Meaning
to build or form something by putting parts together
Example
They plan to construct a new bridge over the river.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər/

counter

Meaning
a flat surface in a shop, bank, or kitchen where transactions or work are done
Example
The cashier stood behind the counter.
B2 adjective kənˈven.ʃən.əl

conventional

Meaning
Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed; traditional, standard, customary.
Example
Many farmers still use conventional farming methods.
B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

Meaning
A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.
Example
Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.
B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

Meaning
An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.
Example
Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.
B2 noun /ˈtʃɒp.ər/

Chopper

Meaning
a tool with a heavy blade for chopping wood; a helicopter
Example
The lumberjack swung the chopper to cut down the tree.
B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət əˌdæp.teɪ.ʃən/

climate adaptation

Meaning
The process of adjusting to current or expected climate change and its effects.
Example
Climate adaptation ensures resilience to change.
B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/

charisma

Meaning
Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.
Example
His charisma helped him become a great leader.
B2 noun /kəˈlɛstərɒl/

cholesterol

Meaning
a fatty substance found in the blood, high levels of which can cause health problems
Example
High cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease.
B2 noun /ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

carbon footprint

Meaning
The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.
Example
Reducing carbon footprint is essential for combating climate change.
B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

Meaning
permission for something to happen or agreement to do something
Example
She gave her consent before the operation.
B2 verb /ˈkaʊnsəl/

counsel

Meaning
to give professional advice or guidance to someone
Example
The teacher counseled the students on their career choices.
B2 noun ˈkæp.sjuːl

capsule

Meaning
A small soluble case of gelatin containing a dose of medicine, swallowed whole.
Example
Capsules contain controlled environments.
B2 adjective /kɒzˈmɛt.ɪk/

cosmetic

Meaning
relating to beauty or appearance; intended to improve looks
Example
She bought a new cosmetic cream for her skin.
B2 noun /ˌkrɛd.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

credibility

Meaning
The quality of being trusted and believed in; trustworthiness.
Example
His credibility as a leader remains unquestioned.
B2 noun kjuːz

cues

Meaning
Signals or hints from conversation or environment that help understanding
Example
Facial expressions provide cues about a person's emotions.
B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

Meaning
The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.
Example
High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.
B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

Meaning
A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
Example
The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
B2 noun /ˈkəʊ.tɪŋ/

coating

Meaning
A protective or decorative layer applied to a surface.
Example
A protective coating prevents rust formation.
B2 verb/noun /ˈsɛnsər/

censor

Meaning
to suppress or remove parts of books, films, or information considered offensive or harmful; a person who does this
Example
The government tried to censor the controversial film.
B2 adjective /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/

clinical

Meaning
Related to the observation and treatment of patients rather than theoretical study.
Example
The doctor conducted a clinical examination.
B2 verb /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnd/

comprehend

Meaning
to understand or grasp the meaning of something
Example
It is difficult to comprehend the scale of the disaster.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriən/

criterion

Meaning
A standard or rule used to make a judgment or decision.
Example
Honesty is an important criterion for this job.
B2 adverb /ˈkæʒ.u.ə.li/

Casually

Meaning
in a relaxed and informal way; without much thought or preparation
Example
He casually mentioned that he was leaving.
B2 verb /krʌʃ/

crush

Meaning
to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or destroyed
Example
He accidentally crushed the paper cup in his hand.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊ.ərd/

Coward

Meaning
a person who lacks the courage to do or endure dangerous or unpleasant things
Example
He called himself a coward for not standing up to the bully.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

Meaning
an elected member of a council, especially a local government body
Example
The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.
B2 adjective /kəʊˈhɪə.rənt/

coherent

Meaning
Logical and consistent; forming a unified whole; clear and easy to understand.
Example
His speech was clear and coherent.
B2 noun ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti

cybersecurity

Meaning
The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks
Example
Cybersecurity ensures safe digital operations.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpærətɪv/

Comparative

Meaning
involving comparison between two or more things; relative
Example
The study showed comparative results between different teaching methods.
B2 noun /kaʊtʃ/

Couch

Meaning
a long upholstered seat for more than one person, typically with a back and arms
Example
The family gathered on the couch to watch a movie.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.trəˈdɪk.ʃən/

Contradiction

Meaning
a combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another; inconsistency
Example
There was a clear contradiction between his words and his actions.
B2 noun /ˈkæriər/

carrier

Meaning
A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.
Example
The airline is the largest carrier in the country.
B2 noun /kraɪst/

christ

Meaning
the title given to Jesus, considered the Messiah in Christianity
Example
Christ is central to Christian faith.
B2 noun /kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃən/

configuration

Meaning
an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or structure
Example
The configuration of the system needs to be adjusted for better performance.
B2 verb /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

characterize

Meaning
to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something
Example
The author characterizes the hero as brave and selfless.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

Meaning
Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.
Example
The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.
B2 noun ˌkɒn.ekˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

connectivity

Meaning
The state of being connected or interconnected; the capacity for the interconnection of platforms, systems, and applications.
Example
Improved connectivity boosts economic development.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/

Complimentary

Meaning
expressing praise or admiration; given or supplied free of charge as a courtesy
Example
The hotel offers complimentary breakfast for all guests.
B2 verb /kənˈvɜːs/

converse

Meaning
to have a conversation; to talk together
Example
They conversed about literature for hours.
B2 noun /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/

Conscience

Meaning
an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior
Example
His conscience prevented him from lying to his parents about his grades.
B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

Meaning
to organize people or things so that they work together effectively
Example
We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.
B2 noun /kəmˈpɑːrt.mənt/

Compartment

Meaning
a separate section or division of a larger space, especially in a train
Example
We found seats in the first-class compartment.
B2 noun /kreɪn/

Crane

Meaning
a large tall bird with long legs and neck; a machine for lifting heavy objects
Example
The graceful crane stood motionless by the water's edge.
B2 verb /kənˈsiːv/

conceive

Meaning
to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant
Example
It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

counsellor

Meaning
a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems; an advisor
Example
She spoke to a counsellor to get advice about her career.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
B2 noun /ˈkæs.ər.oʊl bɑːks/

Casserole box

Meaning
a covered dish used for cooking and serving food, especially baked dishes
Example
The casserole box kept the food warm during the dinner party.
B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/

chapel

Meaning
A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.
Example
The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.
B2 verb kəˈlæbəreɪt

collaborate

Meaning
To work jointly with others, especially in an intellectual endeavor; cooperate.
Example
Volunteers often collaborate with local organizations.
B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

Meaning
The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.
Example
The manager requested clarification on the project details.
B2 adjective ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

cognitive

Meaning
Related to mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.
Example
Cognitive functions improve with practice and learning.
B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

Meaning
sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking
Example
Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.
B2 noun /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzəm/

catholicism

Meaning
The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
Catholicism has a long history and rich traditions.
B2 verb /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/

contemplate

Meaning
to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully
Example
She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.
B2 noun /kənˈdenst mɪlk/

Condensed milk

Meaning
milk from which water has been removed and sugar added, creating a thick, sweet product
Example
The recipe calls for a can of condensed milk to make the dessert extra creamy.
B2 adjective ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl

controversial

Meaning
Giving rise to public disagreement or heated discussion.
Example
The policy remains controversial.
B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəli/

Continually

Meaning
without stopping; repeatedly
Example
She continually checked her phone for messages.
B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

Meaning
a dead body, especially of a human
Example
The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.
B2 noun /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/

compliance

Meaning
The practice of conforming to rules, regulations, or laws; obedience to orders or instructions.
Example
Schools expect compliance with their rules and policies.
B2 noun /ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri/

cemetery

Meaning
a place where dead people are buried
Example
The old cemetery is located at the edge of the village.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

chord

Meaning
A group of musical notes played or sung together; also a straight line segment joining two points on a curve.
Example
She strummed a simple chord on the guitar.
B2 noun /ˈsaɪkloʊn/

cyclone

Meaning
a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure; a violent tropical storm
Example
The cyclone caused severe flooding along the coast.
B2 noun ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk ɪˈvents

catastrophic events

Meaning
Extremely destructive or damaging events that cause widespread devastation.
Example
Cyclones are catastrophic events in Bangladesh.
B2 noun ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən

comprehension

Meaning
The ability to understand something; understanding or grasp of knowledge.
Example
Reading improves vocabulary and comprehension skills.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

cord

Meaning
a long, thin, flexible string or rope
Example
He tied the package with a strong cord.
B2 adjective ˈkʌl.ɪ.nər.i

culinary

Meaning
Related to cooking or the preparation of food, especially in a sophisticated or professional manner.
Example
Culinary advancements enhance the dining experience.
B2 phrase kəˈlek.tɪv ˈæk.ʃən

collective action

Meaning
Action taken by a group of people working together toward a common goal or purpose.
Example
Collective action is needed to mitigate climate change.
B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

Meaning
Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.
Example
Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.
B2 noun /kənˈdʌktər/

conductor

Meaning
a person who directs a performance or someone who collects fares on public transport; or a material that conducts electricity
Example
The conductor waved his baton to start the orchestra.
B2 noun /ˈklɪərəns/

clearance

Meaning
official permission or authorization; the removal of something unwanted; the distance between two objects
Example
The pilot received clearance to land the plane.
B2 noun /ˈtʃɪk piː/

Chick pea

Meaning
round beige legume; protein-rich pulse used in various dishes
Example
Soak the chick peas overnight before cooking them for better digestion.
B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

Meaning
To make up, form, or establish something.
Example
These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.
B2 verb /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

cultivate

Meaning
to grow crops or plants; to develop or improve something
Example
Farmers cultivate rice in the paddy fields.
B2 noun /ˈkæʃuː nʌts/

Cashew nuts

Meaning
kidney-shaped nuts from the cashew tree, commonly eaten as snacks or used in cooking
Example
Cashew nuts are often used in Indian sweets and curries.
B2 verb /kənˈfaɪn/

confine

Meaning
to restrict someone or something within certain limits; to keep someone in a closed space
Example
The prisoner was confined to his cell for 23 hours a day.
B2 noun /kənˈvɛn.ʃən.əl ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

conventional farming

Meaning
Traditional farming method using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and modern technology.
Example
Conventional farming increases crop production using fertilizers.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

Meaning
Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.
Example
This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒn.trər.i/

Contrary

Meaning
opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; completely different
Example
Contrary to popular belief, cats can be very social animals.
B2 noun/verb /krɪˈtiːk/

critique

Meaning
A detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary, philosophical, or political theory; to evaluate critically.
Example
The professor asked the students to critique each other's essays.
B2 verb kənˈdem

condemn

Meaning
To express complete disapproval of; to censure.
Example
The leaders condemned the actions as inhumane.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛns/

commence

Meaning
to begin or start something
Example
The ceremony will commence at noon.
B2 noun /kriːk/

creek

Meaning
a small stream or narrow river
Example
We went fishing by the creek near our house.
B2 adjective kəˈləʊ.ni.əl

colonial

Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonialism, especially involving the control of one country by another.
Example
Colonial rule suppressed local governance.
B2 noun /ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/

cargo

Meaning
goods carried by a ship, plane, or other transport
Example
The ship was loaded with valuable cargo.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpæʃənət/

Compassionate

Meaning
feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others who are suffering
Example
The compassionate nurse took extra time to comfort the worried patients.
B2 noun/verb /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

charter

Meaning
a written document granting rights or privileges; to hire a vehicle or vessel for temporary use
Example
The company decided to charter a bus for the trip.
B2 noun /kəˈkeɪn/

cocaine

Meaning
a powerful and addictive illegal drug made from coca leaves
Example
He was arrested for possessing cocaine.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
B2 adjective /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

cooperative

Meaning
willing to work or act together with others for a common purpose
Example
She was very cooperative during the interview process.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɑːrt/

counterpart

Meaning
a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another
Example
The CEO met with his counterpart in the partner company.
B2 noun /ˈtʃer.i ˌblɒs.əm/

Cherry Blossom

Meaning
the pink or white flowers of a cherry tree that bloom in spring
Example
The cherry blossoms bloom beautifully in April.
B2 adverb /ˈtʃiːfli/

chiefly

Meaning
mainly; primarily
Example
The festival is celebrated chiefly by young people.
B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

Meaning
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
Example
The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
B2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛstɪd/

congested

Meaning
Blocked up with too much traffic or crowding.
Example
The road was congested during rush hour.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl.ər/

counselor

Meaning
a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems
Example
The school counselor helped the student deal with stress.