B2 noun /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən ˈmuːvmənt/

Conservation Movement

Meaning

A political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.

Example

The conservation movement began in the 19th century to protect wildlife.

B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

Meaning

a dead body, especially of a human

Example

The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.

B2 noun /ˈklɒzɪt/

closet

Meaning

a small room or enclosed space used for storing clothes or other things

Example

She keeps her winter coats in the closet near the door.

B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

Meaning

An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.

Example

Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.

B2 verb /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/

complicate

Meaning

To make something more difficult or confusing.

Example

The new rules will only complicate the process.

B2 adjective /kɒzˈmɛt.ɪk/

cosmetic

Meaning

relating to beauty or appearance; intended to improve looks

Example

She bought a new cosmetic cream for her skin.

B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

Meaning

a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances

Example

The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.

B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

Meaning

a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials

Example

The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.

B2 noun /ˌkɔːriˈændər/

Coriander

Meaning

aromatic herb with feathery leaves used for flavoring food; also refers to the seeds used as spice

Example

Fresh coriander leaves are sprinkled on top of the curry.

B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

Meaning

The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.

Example

The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.

B2 verb /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnd/

comprehend

Meaning

to understand or grasp the meaning of something

Example

It is difficult to comprehend the scale of the disaster.

B2 noun /ˈkænvəs/

canvas

Meaning

A strong, coarse cloth used for tents, sails, or painting.

Example

The artist prepared a canvas for his new painting.

B2 adverb /kənˈvɜːrsli/

conversely

Meaning

in an opposite or contrary manner

Example

He is rich, conversely, his brother struggles financially.

B2 adjective /ˈsel.jə.lər/

Cellular

Meaning

relating to cells; consisting of cells; relating to mobile phone technology

Example

Cellular technology has revolutionized communication.

B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt/

correspondent

Meaning

A journalist who reports news from a particular place or on a particular subject.

Example

The foreign correspondent reported live from Paris.

B2 adjective /ˈsɪvɪk/

civic

Meaning

relating to a city, town, or the duties of its citizens

Example

The mayor encouraged people to take part in civic activities.

B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən

caution

Meaning

Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.

Example

Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.

B2 noun /kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃən/

configuration

Meaning

an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or structure

Example

The configuration of the system needs to be adjusted for better performance.

B2 verb /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/

coincide

Meaning

To occur at the same time or to be in agreement.

Example

The meeting coincided with her birthday.

B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

Meaning

a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner

Example

The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.

B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəli/

Continually

Meaning

without stopping; repeatedly

Example

She continually checked her phone for messages.

B2 noun /ˈkæməˌflɑːʒ/

camouflage

Meaning

the act of hiding or disguising something by making it blend with its surroundings

Example

The soldiers used camouflage to hide from the enemy.

B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

Meaning

A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.

Example

She created a collage using old magazine pictures.

B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

Meaning

combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other

Example

The two partners have complementary skills.

B2 adjective ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

cognitive

Meaning

Related to mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.

Example

Cognitive functions improve with practice and learning.

B2 noun /ˈkɒn.flɪkt ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/

conflict resolution

Meaning

The process of finding peaceful solutions to disputes or disagreements between parties.

Example

Conflict resolution is vital for global peace.

B2 noun; verb /ˈkætəlɒɡ/

catalogue

Meaning

a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or systematic order; to make a systematic list of items

Example

The library decided to catalogue all new books digitally.

B2 verb /kəmˈpaɪl/

compile

Meaning

to collect information or material and put it together in a list, report, or book

Example

She compiled the research data into a detailed report.

B2 noun /ˈkʊriər/

courier

Meaning

a person or company that delivers messages, packages, or mail

Example

The courier delivered the documents on time.

B2 noun, adjective /ˈkɒrəl/

coral

Meaning

a hard, rock-like marine organism formed by tiny sea animals; a pinkish-orange color resembling coral

Example

The coral in the reef provides shelter for many sea creatures.

B2 noun ˈkɑː.bən

carbon

Meaning

The chemical element of atomic number 6, occurring as diamond, graphite, and charcoal.

Example

Carbon emissions must be controlled.

B2 adjective ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv

comprehensive

Meaning

Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete and thorough.

Example

A comprehensive study enhances understanding.

B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

Meaning

The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.

Example

Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.

B2 noun /ˈsel.ər.i/

Celery

Meaning

a green vegetable with long crisp stems that can be eaten raw or cooked

Example

I added chopped celery to the soup for extra flavor.

B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/

chapel

Meaning

A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.

Example

The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.

B2 adjective /ˈkaʊntləs/

countless

Meaning

too many to be counted; innumerable

Example

There are countless stars in the sky.

B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

Meaning

To force or drive someone to do something.

Example

The law compels citizens to pay taxes.

B2 noun /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən/

coalition

Meaning

a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action

Example

Several parties formed a coalition to pass the new law.

B2 verb /kənˈveɪ/

convey

Meaning

To communicate or make known; to transport or carry from one place to another.

Example

The teacher conveys the lesson clearly to students.

B2 noun /kəˈmiː.li.ən/

Chameleon

Meaning

a lizard that can change color to match its surroundings

Example

The chameleon changed its color from green to brown.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

Meaning

an elected member of a council, especially a local government body

Example

The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.

B2 noun /ˈtʃɪk piː/

Chick pea

Meaning

round beige legume; protein-rich pulse used in various dishes

Example

Soak the chick peas overnight before cooking them for better digestion.

B2 adjective /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/

clinical

Meaning

Related to the observation and treatment of patients rather than theoretical study.

Example

The doctor conducted a clinical examination.

B2 noun /ˈʃeɪndʒ ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

change management

Meaning

The discipline that guides how we prepare, equip and support individuals, teams and organizations in making organizational change.

Example

Change management ensures smooth transitions.

B2 adjective /ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd/

calculated

Meaning

Done with full awareness of the consequences; deliberate or carefully planned.

Example

Her calculated move gave her an advantage over her competitors.

B2 noun /kɜːrv/

Curve

Meaning

a line or outline that gradually deviates from being straight; a bend or turn in a road or path

Example

The driver slowed down as he approached the sharp curve in the mountain road.

B2 verb /ˈkɑːŋkər/

conquer

Meaning

to overcome and take control of; to defeat in war; to master or overcome

Example

The army managed to conquer the enemy territory.

B2 noun /tʃɔːr/

chore

Meaning

A routine task, especially a household duty.

Example

Washing the dishes is my least favorite chore.

B2 noun /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

chamber

Meaning

a large room used for formal or public events, or a private room.

Example

The king held meetings in his private chamber.

B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

Meaning

shaped like a circle; round in form

Example

The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

Meaning

very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts

Example

He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.

B2 adjective /kəmˈpærətɪv/

Comparative

Meaning

involving comparison between two or more things; relative

Example

The study showed comparative results between different teaching methods.

B2 noun /ˈkɒk.roʊtʃ/

Cockroach

Meaning

a flat brown insect that is commonly found in kitchens and other warm places

Example

A cockroach ran across the kitchen floor quickly.

B2 adjective kɒnˈtek.stju.əl

contextual

Meaning

Depending on or relating to the circumstances or setting; context-dependent.

Example

Contextual meaning changes depending on usage.

B2 noun /kʌlt/

cult

Meaning

a system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object

Example

The cult followed their leader with great devotion.

B2 noun /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/

coverage

Meaning

The extent or scope of something, such as insurance protection or media reporting.

Example

The news channel provided extensive coverage of the event.

B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

Meaning

dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil

Example

The politician was accused of corrupt practices.

B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

Meaning

Components or elements used to create something.

Example

Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.

B2 noun /kriːk/

creek

Meaning

a small stream or narrow river

Example

We went fishing by the creek near our house.

B2 noun /ˈsen.tɪ.piːd/

Centipede

Meaning

a long thin creature with many legs that lives in dark places

Example

I found a centipede crawling under the rock.

B2 noun /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/

consciousness

Meaning

The state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, thoughts, and surroundings.

Example

Meditation helps improve consciousness and clarity of thought.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

Meaning

solid; real; tangible; actual and specific

Example

We need concrete evidence to support our claims.

B2 adjective /ˈklʌm.zi/

clumsy

Meaning

awkward in movement or lacking skill

Example

He is so clumsy that he drops things all the time.

B2 verb /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

characterize

Meaning

to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something

Example

The author characterizes the hero as brave and selfless.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪkəl/

comical

Meaning

Funny in a strange or silly way; amusing.

Example

His comical expressions made everyone laugh.

B2 noun /kəˈroʊnə/

corona

Meaning

a crown or crown-like structure; also refers to the outer atmosphere of the sun

Example

The sun's corona was visible during the total solar eclipse.

B2 adjective /kənˈtɛntɪd/

contented

Meaning

Feeling or expressing happiness and satisfaction.

Example

She was contented with her simple life.

B2 noun /ˈkʌm.pəs/

Compass

Meaning

an instrument for finding direction with a magnetic needle pointing to magnetic north

Example

The hiker used a compass to find the right direction.

B2 adjective kənˈsaɪs

concise

Meaning

Brief and clearly expressed without unnecessary details.

Example

A concise speech is more impactful than a long one.

B2 noun /kɜːrd/

Curd

Meaning

a white dairy product made by coagulating milk; yogurt

Example

She added fresh curd to the salad for a tangy flavor.

B2 verb /saɪt/

cite

Meaning

to quote; to mention as an example or proof

Example

The lawyer cites relevant case law.

B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

Meaning

the ability to do something successfully or efficiently

Example

Her competence as a manager impressed the board.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒnʃəs/

conscious

Meaning

Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.

Example

She was fully conscious after the surgery.

B2 noun /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzəm/

catholicism

Meaning

The faith, practice, and church order of the Roman Catholic Church.

Example

Catholicism has a long history and rich traditions.

B2 noun /kaʊtʃ/

Couch

Meaning

a long upholstered seat for more than one person, typically with a back and arms

Example

The family gathered on the couch to watch a movie.

B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

Meaning

A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.

Example

Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.

B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

Meaning

sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking

Example

Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.

B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

Meaning

following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential

Example

She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.

B2 verb /ˈkɑːmpənseɪt/

compensate

Meaning

to give something to make up for loss or damage; to counterbalance

Example

The company will compensate employees for overtime work.

B2 noun /kənˈsɪstənsi/

consistency

Meaning

The quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way; uniformity.

Example

Consistency in quality is key to customer satisfaction.

B2 noun /ˈkɒmjʊnɪst/

communist

Meaning

a person who supports or believes in the principles of communism

Example

The communist ideology aims for a classless society.

B2 adjective /ˈkɑːmjənl/

communal

Meaning

Shared by all members of a community; for common use.

Example

The villagers worked together in the communal garden.

B2 noun /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

catalog

Meaning

a complete list of items, typically arranged systematically

Example

The library provides an online catalog of all available books.

B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

Meaning

The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.

Example

High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.

B2 noun /kənˈkʌʃən/

concussion

Meaning

A temporary unconsciousness or shock caused by a blow to the head.

Example

He suffered a concussion after falling from the bike.

B2 noun ˌkɒn.ekˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

connectivity

Meaning

The state of being connected or interconnected; the capacity for the interconnection of platforms, systems, and applications.

Example

Improved connectivity boosts economic development.

B2 noun /ˈkæp.ʃən/

caption

Meaning

a brief explanation or description accompanying an illustration or photograph

Example

The caption under the photo explained who the people were.

B2 adjective /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/

cynical

Meaning

Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.

Example

She was cynical about the politician's promises.

B2 noun /ˈkɒləni/

colony

Meaning

a territory or community controlled by another country or group of people

Example

India was once a British colony.

B2 noun /kənˈsɛʃən/

concession

Meaning

something that is granted, especially in response to demands; a compromise

Example

The company made several concessions during the negotiations.

B2 noun /ˈklɪərəns/

clearance

Meaning

official permission or authorization; the removal of something unwanted; the distance between two objects

Example

The pilot received clearance to land the plane.

B2 noun/verb /kjuː/

cue

Meaning

A signal or prompt for action; to give a signal.

Example

The actor waited for his cue before entering the stage.

B2 adjective /ˈkɔːstli/

costly

Meaning

expensive or causing a lot of money, time, or effort

Example

Their mistake proved to be very costly for the company.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bəl/

Changeable

Meaning

able to be changed; likely to change frequently

Example

The weather is very changeable in spring.

B2 noun /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

capability

Meaning

The ability or capacity to do something.

Example

The telescope's capability is unparalleled.

B2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrtəbl/

convertible

Meaning

able to be changed into a different form or use; also a car with a roof that can be folded down

Example

She drove her new convertible along the coastal road.

B2 verb /kənˈfaɪn/

confine

Meaning

to restrict someone or something within certain limits; to keep someone in a closed space

Example

The prisoner was confined to his cell for 23 hours a day.

B2 noun /ˈkjuː.bɪ.kəl/

cubicle

Meaning

A small partitioned-off area of a room, typically in an office.

Example

She works in a cubicle with three other colleagues.

B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

Meaning

to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge

Example

He confessed his mistake to his teacher.

B2 noun kəˈmɪʃ.ən

commission

Meaning

An official group of people entrusted by a government with a particular function.

Example

The commission recommends constitutional reforms.

B2 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

complement

Meaning

something that completes or goes well with something; to add something that enhances or improves

Example

The scarf complements her outfit perfectly.

B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

Meaning

matching or related to something

Example

The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.

B2 noun /sərˈkʌmfərəns/

circumference

Meaning

the distance around the edge of a circle

Example

The teacher asked us to calculate the circumference of the circle.

B2 noun ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk ɪˈvents

catastrophic events

Meaning

Extremely destructive or damaging events that cause widespread devastation.

Example

Cyclones are catastrophic events in Bangladesh.

B2 adjective ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl

controversial

Meaning

Giving rise to public disagreement or heated discussion.

Example

The policy remains controversial.

B2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛstɪd/

congested

Meaning

Blocked up with too much traffic or crowding.

Example

The road was congested during rush hour.

B2 adjective ˌkæt.əˈstrɑː.fɪk

catastrophic

Meaning

Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.

Example

Climate change has catastrophic consequences.

B2 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

compulsory

Meaning

Required by law or a rule; obligatory.

Example

Wearing seat belts is compulsory in most countries.

B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

Meaning

A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.

Example

The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.

B2 adjective ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri

contradictory

Meaning

Mutually opposed or inconsistent; containing elements that oppose each other.

Example

Their views on education are contradictory.

B2 adjective /kənˈtɛmpərɛri/

contemporary

Meaning

belonging to the same time period; modern

Example

She enjoys contemporary art exhibitions.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/

counseling

Meaning

professional guidance or therapy to help resolve personal or psychological problems

Example

She decided to go for counseling after feeling stressed for months.

B2 noun /kreɪn/

Crane

Meaning

a large tall bird with long legs and neck; a machine for lifting heavy objects

Example

The graceful crane stood motionless by the water's edge.

B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

Meaning

To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.

Example

The river was contaminated by industrial waste.

B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt

character development

Meaning

The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.

Example

The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.

B2 noun /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

continuity

Meaning

the state of being continuous or connected; consistency over time

Example

Maintaining continuity in leadership is essential for organizational stability.

B2 noun /ˈsaɪkloʊn/

cyclone

Meaning

a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure; a violent tropical storm

Example

The cyclone caused severe flooding along the coast.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

counsellor

Meaning

a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems; an advisor

Example

She spoke to a counsellor to get advice about her career.

B2 noun /ˈkʌlprɪt/

culprit

Meaning

a person who is responsible for a crime or misdeed

Example

The police caught the culprit behind the robbery.

B2 noun /kəˈlɪʒ.ən/

Collision

Meaning

an instance of one moving object hitting violently against another; a conflict of opposing ideas or interests

Example

The collision between two cars caused a major traffic jam.

B2 noun /krɑk pɑt/

Crock pot

Meaning

an electric cooking pot that cooks food slowly at low temperatures

Example

I put the chicken and vegetables in the crock pot before going to work.