Comet
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B2 noun /ˈkɒm.ɪt/

Comet

Meaning
a celestial object consisting of ice and dust that develops a tail when approaching the sun
Example
Halley's Comet appears in the sky every 76 years.
B2 noun /klɔː/

Claw

Meaning
sharp curved nail on the foot of an animal or bird
Example
The cat extended its sharp claws to climb the tree.
B2 noun /kəˈroʊnə/

corona

Meaning
a crown or crown-like structure; also refers to the outer atmosphere of the sun
Example
The sun's corona was visible during the total solar eclipse.
B2 noun /ˈkʌlprɪt/

culprit

Meaning
a person who is responsible for a crime or misdeed
Example
The police caught the culprit behind the robbery.
B2 noun /kraɪst/

christ

Meaning
the title given to Jesus, considered the Messiah in Christianity
Example
Christ is central to Christian faith.
B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

Meaning
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
Example
The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.
B2 noun /kəmˈplɛksɪti/

complexity

Meaning
The state of being complex; intricacy.
Example
The complexity of the problem required a team of experts.
B2 noun /kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃən/

configuration

Meaning
an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or structure
Example
The configuration of the system needs to be adjusted for better performance.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃiːzi/

cheesy

Meaning
tacky, overly sentimental, or cheap in quality
Example
The movie was funny but a bit too cheesy.
B2 verb /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/

complicate

Meaning
To make something more difficult or confusing.
Example
The new rules will only complicate the process.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

compulsory

Meaning
Required by law or a rule; obligatory.
Example
Wearing seat belts is compulsory in most countries.
B2 noun /kɜːrv/

Curve

Meaning
a line or outline that gradually deviates from being straight; a bend or turn in a road or path
Example
The driver slowed down as he approached the sharp curve in the mountain road.
B2 verb /kənˈsiːv/

conceive

Meaning
to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant
Example
It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed.
B2 noun/verb /krɪˈtiːk/

critique

Meaning
A detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary, philosophical, or political theory; to evaluate critically.
Example
The professor asked the students to critique each other's essays.
B2 noun kəmˈpet.ɪ.tɪv.nəs

competitiveness

Meaning
The quality of being as good as or better than others of a comparable nature; the ability to compete successfully.
Example
Competitiveness is vital for economic sustainability.
B2 adjective /ˈklʌm.zi/

clumsy

Meaning
awkward in movement or lacking skill
Example
He is so clumsy that he drops things all the time.
B2 adjective ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv

comprehensive

Meaning
Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete and thorough.
Example
A comprehensive study enhances understanding.
B2 verb /ˈkɑːmpənseɪt/

compensate

Meaning
to give something to make up for loss or damage; to counterbalance
Example
The company will compensate employees for overtime work.
B2 noun /koʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/

Coincidence

Meaning
a remarkable occurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection; chance happening
Example
It was a strange coincidence that they both wore the same dress to the party.
B2 noun /ˈsen.tɪ.piːd/

Centipede

Meaning
a long thin creature with many legs that lives in dark places
Example
I found a centipede crawling under the rock.
B2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛstɪd/

congested

Meaning
Blocked up with too much traffic or crowding.
Example
The road was congested during rush hour.
B2 noun; verb /ˈkætəlɒɡ/

catalogue

Meaning
a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or systematic order; to make a systematic list of items
Example
The library decided to catalogue all new books digitally.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

chord

Meaning
A group of musical notes played or sung together; also a straight line segment joining two points on a curve.
Example
She strummed a simple chord on the guitar.
B2 adjective ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl

controversial

Meaning
Giving rise to public disagreement or heated discussion.
Example
The policy remains controversial.
B2 adverb /kənˈvɜːrsli/

conversely

Meaning
in an opposite or contrary manner
Example
He is rich, conversely, his brother struggles financially.
B2 noun /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

component

Meaning
a part or element of a larger whole, especially a machine or system
Example
The engine is the most important component of the car.
B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

Meaning
permission for something to happen or agreement to do something
Example
She gave her consent before the operation.
B2 verb /ˈkeɪtər/

cater

Meaning
To provide food, drinks, or services, usually for an event or group.
Example
The company catered the wedding reception.
B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt/

correspondent

Meaning
A journalist who reports news from a particular place or on a particular subject.
Example
The foreign correspondent reported live from Paris.
B2 noun ˈkɔːrəl ˈriːfs

Coral Reefs

Meaning
Underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals, forming diverse marine ecosystems.
Example
Saint Martin's Island is known for its coral reefs.
B2 verb /siːs/

cease

Meaning
to bring or come to an end; to stop doing something
Example
The noise ceased as soon as the children went inside.
B2 noun /ˈkʌm.pəs/

Compass

Meaning
an instrument for finding direction with a magnetic needle pointing to magnetic north
Example
The hiker used a compass to find the right direction.
B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

cunning

Meaning
Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.
Example
The cunning fox tricked the farmer.
B2 adjective /ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd/

calculated

Meaning
Done with full awareness of the consequences; deliberate or carefully planned.
Example
Her calculated move gave her an advantage over her competitors.
B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

Meaning
matching or related to something
Example
The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.
B2 verb /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/

consolidate

Meaning
To combine things in order to make them more effective or easier to handle.
Example
The company aims to consolidate its market position.
B2 noun /kəˈrʌp.ʃən/

Corruption

Meaning
dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power; the process of decay or decomposition
Example
The government launched a campaign to fight corruption in public offices.
B2 noun/adjective /səˈvɪliən/

civilian

Meaning
a person not in the armed forces or police
Example
The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪvɪk/

civic

Meaning
relating to a city, town, or the duties of its citizens
Example
The mayor encouraged people to take part in civic activities.
B2 noun ˈkæp.sjuːl

capsule

Meaning
A small soluble case of gelatin containing a dose of medicine, swallowed whole.
Example
Capsules contain controlled environments.
B2 verb /klæʃ/

clash

Meaning
to come into conflict or collision with something or someone.
Example
The two cars clashed in the intersection.
B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

Meaning
sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking
Example
Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.
B2 noun /kæf/

Calf

Meaning
a young cow or bull; young of various large mammals
Example
The calf stayed close to its mother.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/

compromise

Meaning
To expose or make vulnerable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute.
Example
Excessive sharing can compromise your privacy.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

Meaning
solid; real; tangible; actual and specific
Example
We need concrete evidence to support our claims.
B2 verb kəˈlæbəreɪt

collaborate

Meaning
To work jointly with others, especially in an intellectual endeavor; cooperate.
Example
Volunteers often collaborate with local organizations.
B2 noun /ˌkɔːriˈændər/

Coriander

Meaning
aromatic herb with feathery leaves used for flavoring food; also refers to the seeds used as spice
Example
Fresh coriander leaves are sprinkled on top of the curry.
B2 verb /saɪt/

cite

Meaning
to quote; to mention as an example or proof
Example
The lawyer cites relevant case law.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

Meaning
to praise formally or officially
Example
The teacher commended the students for their hard work.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃaɪld.laɪk/

Childlike

Meaning
innocent and trusting like a child; having the good qualities of a child; pure and simple
Example
She maintained a childlike wonder about the world around her.
B2 verb /ˈtʃɛrɪʃ/

cherish

Meaning
To hold something dear, to love and protect, or to keep a hope or memory alive.
Example
She cherishes the memories of her childhood home.
B2 verb /kənˈfrʌnt/

confront

Meaning
to face someone or something directly, especially in a challenge or conflict
Example
She had to confront her fears before making the speech.
B2 adverb /ˈtʃiːfli/

chiefly

Meaning
mainly; primarily
Example
The festival is celebrated chiefly by young people.
B2 noun /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

conjunction

Meaning
a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words
Example
The words 'and' and 'but' are common conjunctions.
B2 phrase kəˈlek.tɪv ˈæk.ʃən

collective action

Meaning
Action taken by a group of people working together toward a common goal or purpose.
Example
Collective action is needed to mitigate climate change.
B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

Meaning
A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
Example
The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
B2 adjective /kənˈtɛntɪd/

contented

Meaning
Feeling or expressing happiness and satisfaction.
Example
She was contented with her simple life.
B2 noun /kɒd fɪʃ/

Cod fish

Meaning
A large marine fish with white flesh, commonly used for food
Example
The fisherman caught a large cod fish in the North Atlantic.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.trəˈdɪk.ʃən/

Contradiction

Meaning
a combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another; inconsistency
Example
There was a clear contradiction between his words and his actions.
B2 verb /kənˈtɛnd/

contend

Meaning
to strive or compete for something; to assert earnestly
Example
Athletes from around the world contend for the championship.
B2 adjective ˌkæt.əˈstrɑː.fɪk

catastrophic

Meaning
Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.
Example
Climate change has catastrophic consequences.
B2 noun /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən ˈmuːvmənt/

Conservation Movement

Meaning
A political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.
Example
The conservation movement began in the 19th century to protect wildlife.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

Meaning
Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.
Example
The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.
B2 noun, adjective /ˈkɒrəl/

coral

Meaning
a hard, rock-like marine organism formed by tiny sea animals; a pinkish-orange color resembling coral
Example
The coral in the reef provides shelter for many sea creatures.
B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

Meaning
a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances
Example
The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuːzi/

choosy

Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective
Example
She is very choosy about the clothes she wears.
B2 noun /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/

consciousness

Meaning
The state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, thoughts, and surroundings.
Example
Meditation helps improve consciousness and clarity of thought.
B2 noun /ˈkʊk.uː/

Cuckoo

Meaning
a bird known for its distinctive call and for laying eggs in other birds' nests
Example
We heard the cuckoo calling from the forest early in the morning.
B2 noun /ˈkæp.ʃən/

caption

Meaning
a brief explanation or description accompanying an illustration or photograph
Example
The caption under the photo explained who the people were.
B2 noun /ˈkoʊ.brə/

Cobra

Meaning
a venomous snake with a hood that can be spread when threatened
Example
The cobra raised its hood and hissed at the intruder.
B2 noun /ˈkænən/

Cannon

Meaning
large heavy gun that fires cannonballs or shells
Example
The castle was defended by several large cannons.
B2 noun /ˈtʃɪk piː/

Chick pea

Meaning
round beige legume; protein-rich pulse used in various dishes
Example
Soak the chick peas overnight before cooking them for better digestion.
B2 noun /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/

Compensation

Meaning
something given or received as an equivalent for services, debt, loss, injury, or suffering; payment or reward
Example
The company provided financial compensation to the workers injured in the accident.
B2 adjective /ˈkjuːbən/

cuban

Meaning
relating to Cuba, its people, or its culture
Example
We enjoyed delicious Cuban coffee at the café.
B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən

caution

Meaning
Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.
Example
Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.
B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

Meaning
The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.
Example
The manager requested clarification on the project details.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

criteria

Meaning
Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.
Example
The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.
B2 noun /ˈklɪərəns/

clearance

Meaning
official permission or authorization; the removal of something unwanted; the distance between two objects
Example
The pilot received clearance to land the plane.
B2 noun /ˈkɑn.trəˌvɜr.si/

Controversy

Meaning
prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion; a dispute or argument involving opposing viewpoints
Example
The new policy sparked a major controversy among the citizens.
B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət əˌdæp.teɪ.ʃən/

climate adaptation

Meaning
The process of adjusting to current or expected climate change and its effects.
Example
Climate adaptation ensures resilience to change.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒn.fɪˈden.ʃəl/

Confidential

Meaning
secret; private; intended to be kept secret
Example
Please keep this information confidential.
B2 noun /tʃʌŋk/

chunk

Meaning
a thick or solid piece of something
Example
She cut the cake into large chunks.
B2 verb /kəmˈpaɪl/

compile

Meaning
to collect information or material and put it together in a list, report, or book
Example
She compiled the research data into a detailed report.
B2 noun /kənˈtɛmpt/

contempt

Meaning
a strong feeling of dislike and lack of respect towards someone or something
Example
He spoke with contempt about the corrupt officials.
B2 adjective /ˈklæsɪfaɪd/

classified

Meaning
arranged into categories; officially secret or restricted
Example
The report contains classified information and cannot be shared publicly.
B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

Meaning
following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential
Example
She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.
B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

Meaning
A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
Example
The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.
B2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrtəbl/

convertible

Meaning
able to be changed into a different form or use; also a car with a roof that can be folded down
Example
She drove her new convertible along the coastal road.
B2 noun /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

capability

Meaning
The ability or capacity to do something.
Example
The telescope's capability is unparalleled.
B2 noun /kɒt/

Cot

Meaning
a small bed, especially a portable one or one for a baby
Example
The baby sleeps peacefully in her cot.
B2 noun /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/

compliance

Meaning
The practice of conforming to rules, regulations, or laws; obedience to orders or instructions.
Example
Schools expect compliance with their rules and policies.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriən/

criterion

Meaning
A standard or rule used to make a judgment or decision.
Example
Honesty is an important criterion for this job.
B2 noun /ˈsɪnəmən/

Cinnamon

Meaning
aromatic spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species
Example
Cinnamon is often used in baking and desserts.
B2 noun /ˈkʌmbæk/

comeback

Meaning
A return to a former status or success after a period of decline.
Example
The singer made a remarkable comeback after years of silence.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmbæt/

combat

Meaning
to fight against something, especially to reduce or stop it
Example
The government is taking steps to combat corruption.
B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

Meaning
To make up, form, or establish something.
Example
These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.
B2 noun ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti

cybersecurity

Meaning
The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks
Example
Cybersecurity ensures safe digital operations.
B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/

chapel

Meaning
A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.
Example
The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.
B2 noun /kəˈlɛstərɒl/

cholesterol

Meaning
a fatty substance found in the blood, high levels of which can cause health problems
Example
High cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease.
B2 noun /ˌkrɛd.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

credibility

Meaning
The quality of being trusted and believed in; trustworthiness.
Example
His credibility as a leader remains unquestioned.
B2 adjective ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri

contradictory

Meaning
Mutually opposed or inconsistent; containing elements that oppose each other.
Example
Their views on education are contradictory.
B2 noun /kleɪ/

clay

Meaning
a natural material made of fine earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making pottery
Example
The artist molded the wet clay into a beautiful vase.
B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

Meaning
Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.
Example
Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.
B2 noun /ˈkɒpɪraɪt/

copyright

Meaning
the legal right of the creator of a work to control its use and distribution
Example
She holds the copyright for the book.
B2 verb /kɑːrv/

carve

Meaning
To cut or shape something, especially wood or stone, into a desired form.
Example
The artist carved a beautiful statue out of marble.
B2 noun /krɪˈeɪtə/

creator

Meaning
a person who brings something into existence
Example
He is the creator of many successful startups.
B2 noun /kɔːrps/

corpse

Meaning
a dead body, especially of a human
Example
The police discovered a corpse in the abandoned house.
B2 noun /ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/

carbohydrate

Meaning
a nutrient that provides energy, found in foods like rice, bread, and sugar
Example
Rice and potatoes are rich in carbohydrates.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl.ɪŋ/

counselling

Meaning
the process of giving professional guidance and support to help someone deal with personal, social, psychological, or career-related problems
Example
She decided to seek counselling to manage stress and anxiety.
B2 noun /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

catalog

Meaning
a complete list of items, typically arranged systematically
Example
The library provides an online catalog of all available books.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃʌbi/

chubby

Meaning
slightly fat in a way that looks healthy and pleasant
Example
The baby has chubby cheeks.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bəl/

Changeable

Meaning
able to be changed; likely to change frequently
Example
The weather is very changeable in spring.
B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

Meaning
verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute
Example
She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.
B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

Meaning
dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil
Example
The politician was accused of corrupt practices.
B2 noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/

conviction

Meaning
A firmly held belief or opinion.
Example
She spoke with conviction, making everyone believe her.
B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən/

correlation

Meaning
a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things
Example
Researchers found a strong correlation between diet and heart disease.
B2 noun /kəmˈplek.ʃən/

Complexion

Meaning
the natural color, texture, and appearance of a person's skin, especially on the face
Example
Her fair complexion glowed beautifully in the morning sunlight.
B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

Meaning
To force or drive someone to do something.
Example
The law compels citizens to pay taxes.
B2 adjective /kənˈtɛmpərɛri/

contemporary

Meaning
belonging to the same time period; modern
Example
She enjoys contemporary art exhibitions.
B2 noun /ˈkloʊʒər/

closure

Meaning
the action or process of closing something, or the sense of finality or resolution.
Example
The closure of the company left many employees without jobs.
B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

Meaning
Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.
Example
Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.