B2 noun /kɒd fɪʃ/

Cod fish

Meaning

A large marine fish with white flesh, commonly used for food

Example

The fisherman caught a large cod fish in the North Atlantic.

B2 noun /ˈkəʊ.tɪŋ/

coating

Meaning

A protective or decorative layer applied to a surface.

Example

A protective coating prevents rust formation.

B2 verb /kɜːrb/

curb

Meaning

to restrain, control, or limit something

Example

The government took steps to curb inflation.

B2 noun ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti

cybersecurity

Meaning

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks

Example

Cybersecurity ensures safe digital operations.

B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

Meaning

Components or elements used to create something.

Example

Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.

B2 noun /ˈkæməˌflɑːʒ/

camouflage

Meaning

the act of hiding or disguising something by making it blend with its surroundings

Example

The soldiers used camouflage to hide from the enemy.

B2 noun /kənˈtroʊlər/

controller

Meaning

a person or device that manages, directs, or regulates something

Example

The game controller made it easy to play the video game.

B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

Meaning

sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking

Example

Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.

B2 verb /ˈkɑːŋkər/

conquer

Meaning

to overcome and take control of; to defeat in war; to master or overcome

Example

The army managed to conquer the enemy territory.

B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

Meaning

Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.

Example

Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.

B2 verb /kəmˈpaɪl/

compile

Meaning

to collect information or material and put it together in a list, report, or book

Example

She compiled the research data into a detailed report.

B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt

character development

Meaning

The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.

Example

The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.

B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

Meaning

An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.

Example

Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.

B2 noun/verb /kəˈmjuː.tɪŋ/

commuting

Meaning

Regular travel to and from workplace, daily journey for work.

Example

He spends two hours commuting to work every day.

B2 verb /kənˈfɔːrm/

conform

Meaning

To comply with rules, standards, or laws.

Example

Students must conform to the school regulations.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

Meaning

Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.

Example

The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.

B2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrtəbl/

convertible

Meaning

able to be changed into a different form or use; also a car with a roof that can be folded down

Example

She drove her new convertible along the coastal road.

B2 noun kəˈmɪʃ.ən

commission

Meaning

An official group of people entrusted by a government with a particular function.

Example

The commission recommends constitutional reforms.

B2 adverb /kənˈvɜːrsli/

conversely

Meaning

in an opposite or contrary manner

Example

He is rich, conversely, his brother struggles financially.

B2 noun /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃən/

complication

Meaning

A problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal with.

Example

His illness led to serious complications after surgery.

B2 noun /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/

Chaos

Meaning

complete disorder and confusion; a state of total confusion with no order

Example

The earthquake caused chaos in the city as buildings collapsed and people panicked.

B2 adjective kəˈləʊ.ni.əl

colonial

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonialism, especially involving the control of one country by another.

Example

Colonial rule suppressed local governance.

B2 adjective /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

cooperative

Meaning

willing to work or act together with others for a common purpose

Example

She was very cooperative during the interview process.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/

Competent

Meaning

having the necessary skill or knowledge to do something successfully; capable

Example

She is a competent manager who handles all tasks efficiently.

B2 noun /tʃɔːr/

chore

Meaning

A routine task, especially a household duty.

Example

Washing the dishes is my least favorite chore.

B2 adjective /ˈkeər.friː/

Carefree

Meaning

free from anxiety or responsibility; lighthearted; worry-free

Example

She lived a carefree life, traveling the world without any worries.

B2 noun /ˈkɑːmpaʊnd/

compound

Meaning

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; an enclosed area with buildings

Example

The scientist studied the chemical compound in the lab.

B2 noun ˈkɑː.bən

carbon

Meaning

The chemical element of atomic number 6, occurring as diamond, graphite, and charcoal.

Example

Carbon emissions must be controlled.

B2 adjective /ˌkɒn.fɪˈden.ʃəl/

Confidential

Meaning

secret; private; intended to be kept secret

Example

Please keep this information confidential.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɑːrt/

counterpart

Meaning

a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another

Example

The CEO met with his counterpart in the partner company.

B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

criteria

Meaning

Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.

Example

The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.

B2 noun, verb /kloʊk/

cloak

Meaning

a loose outer garment; to cover, hide, or disguise

Example

The spy cloaked his identity with a false name.

B2 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

compulsory

Meaning

Required by law or a rule; obligatory.

Example

Wearing seat belts is compulsory in most countries.

B2 adjective /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/

cynical

Meaning

Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.

Example

She was cynical about the politician's promises.

B2 noun /ˈkɒpɪraɪt/

copyright

Meaning

the legal right of the creator of a work to control its use and distribution

Example

She holds the copyright for the book.

B2 noun /sərˈkʌmfərəns/

circumference

Meaning

the distance around the edge of a circle

Example

The teacher asked us to calculate the circumference of the circle.

B2 verb /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

cultivate

Meaning

to grow crops or plants; to develop or improve something

Example

Farmers cultivate rice in the paddy fields.

B2 adjective /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/

Complimentary

Meaning

expressing praise or admiration; given or supplied free of charge as a courtesy

Example

The hotel offers complimentary breakfast for all guests.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪkəl/

comical

Meaning

Funny in a strange or silly way; amusing.

Example

His comical expressions made everyone laugh.

B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/

Continuously

Meaning

without interruption; in an unbroken sequence

Example

The machine operates continuously for 24 hours.

B2 noun /ˈkɑr.ɡoʊ ʃɪp/

Cargo ship

Meaning

a ship or vessel that carries goods and materials from one port to another

Example

The cargo ship transported containers filled with electronics across the ocean.

B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

Meaning

matching or related to something

Example

The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.

B2 noun /tʃʌŋk/

chunk

Meaning

a thick or solid piece of something

Example

She cut the cake into large chunks.

B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

Meaning

a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner

Example

The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.

B2 noun /ˈkʌmbæk/

comeback

Meaning

A return to a former status or success after a period of decline.

Example

The singer made a remarkable comeback after years of silence.

B2 noun /ˌkrɛd.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

credibility

Meaning

The quality of being trusted and believed in; trustworthiness.

Example

His credibility as a leader remains unquestioned.

B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

Meaning

Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.

Example

This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.

B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

Meaning

shaped like a circle; round in form

Example

The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.

B2 verb /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/

coincide

Meaning

To occur at the same time or to be in agreement.

Example

The meeting coincided with her birthday.

B2 verb /kəmˈpraɪz/

comprise

Meaning

To consist of or be made up of something.

Example

The committee comprises five members.

B2 verb /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

characterize

Meaning

to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something

Example

The author characterizes the hero as brave and selfless.

B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

Meaning

the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark

Example

He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.

B2 noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/

conviction

Meaning

A firmly held belief or opinion.

Example

She spoke with conviction, making everyone believe her.

B2 adjective ˈkʌl.ɪ.nər.i

culinary

Meaning

Related to cooking or the preparation of food, especially in a sophisticated or professional manner.

Example

Culinary advancements enhance the dining experience.

B2 noun ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk ɪˈvents

catastrophic events

Meaning

Extremely destructive or damaging events that cause widespread devastation.

Example

Cyclones are catastrophic events in Bangladesh.

B2 noun /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

craving

Meaning

a strong desire for something

Example

She has a craving for chocolate every evening.

B2 noun /ˈkɒn.flɪkt ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/

conflict resolution

Meaning

The process of finding peaceful solutions to disputes or disagreements between parties.

Example

Conflict resolution is vital for global peace.

B2 noun /kæf/

Calf

Meaning

a young cow or bull; young of various large mammals

Example

The calf stayed close to its mother.

B2 noun /ˈkæʃuː nʌts/

Cashew nuts

Meaning

kidney-shaped nuts from the cashew tree, commonly eaten as snacks or used in cooking

Example

Cashew nuts are often used in Indian sweets and curries.

B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

Meaning

a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials

Example

The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.

B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

Meaning

The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.

Example

High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.

B2 noun /ˈkɒmpoʊst/

compost

Meaning

decayed organic matter used as fertilizer

Example

The gardener added compost to enrich the soil.

B2 noun /ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

certification

Meaning

the process of officially recognizing or confirming that something or someone meets required standards; an official document proving qualification

Example

She received her professional certification after completing the training program.

B2 noun /ˌkɑː.bəʊˈhaɪ.dreɪts/

carbohydrates

Meaning

Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a primary source of energy for the body.

Example

Whole grains are a great source of healthy carbohydrates.

B2 noun /krɑk pɑt/

Crock pot

Meaning

an electric cooking pot that cooks food slowly at low temperatures

Example

I put the chicken and vegetables in the crock pot before going to work.

B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

Meaning

the ability to do something successfully or efficiently

Example

Her competence as a manager impressed the board.

B2 noun /kənˈdʒes.tʃən/

congestion

Meaning

A situation in which a place is too blocked or crowded, causing difficulties.

Example

Urban congestion leads to longer travel times.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

councillor

Meaning

an elected member of a local council who helps make decisions and represent the community

Example

The councillor spoke to residents about improving local roads.

B2 noun ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən

comprehension

Meaning

The ability to understand something; understanding or grasp of knowledge.

Example

Reading improves vocabulary and comprehension skills.

B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət əˌdæp.teɪ.ʃən/

climate adaptation

Meaning

The process of adjusting to current or expected climate change and its effects.

Example

Climate adaptation ensures resilience to change.

B2 noun /klɔː/

Claw

Meaning

sharp curved nail on the foot of an animal or bird

Example

The cat extended its sharp claws to climb the tree.

B2 verb /tʃænt/

chant

Meaning

to sing or recite in a rhythmic way

Example

The monks chant prayers in the temple.

B2 verb /ˈtʃɛrɪʃ/

cherish

Meaning

To hold something dear, to love and protect, or to keep a hope or memory alive.

Example

She cherishes the memories of her childhood home.

B2 verb /krʌʃ/

crush

Meaning

to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or destroyed

Example

He accidentally crushed the paper cup in his hand.

B2 adverb /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

Considerably

Meaning

to a notably large degree; significantly; substantially

Example

The price has increased considerably over the past year.

B2 adjective /ˈkɒn.trər.i/

Contrary

Meaning

opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; completely different

Example

Contrary to popular belief, cats can be very social animals.

B2 noun /ˈkɔːtruːm/

courtroom

Meaning

a room in which legal cases are heard and decided by a judge

Example

The witness was called to testify in the courtroom.

B2 noun /kəˈlɛstərɒl/

cholesterol

Meaning

a fatty substance found in the blood, high levels of which can cause health problems

Example

High cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease.

B2 verb /kəˈmɛns/

commence

Meaning

to begin or start something

Example

The ceremony will commence at noon.

B2 noun /ˈkɒnsənənt/

consonant

Meaning

A speech sound produced by blocking air flow, or a letter representing such a sound.

Example

The word 'cat' has two consonants and one vowel.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

Meaning

very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts

Example

He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.

B2 noun /kleɪ/

clay

Meaning

a natural material made of fine earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making pottery

Example

The artist molded the wet clay into a beautiful vase.

B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

Meaning

The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.

Example

Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.

B2 noun /ˈkæs.ər.oʊl bɑːks/

Casserole box

Meaning

a covered dish used for cooking and serving food, especially baked dishes

Example

The casserole box kept the food warm during the dinner party.

B2 verb /ˈkɑːmpənseɪt/

compensate

Meaning

to give something to make up for loss or damage; to counterbalance

Example

The company will compensate employees for overtime work.

B2 noun /ˈkloʊʒər/

closure

Meaning

the action or process of closing something, or the sense of finality or resolution.

Example

The closure of the company left many employees without jobs.

B2 verb kənˈdem

condemn

Meaning

To express complete disapproval of; to censure.

Example

The leaders condemned the actions as inhumane.

B2 noun /ˈkoʊ.brə/

Cobra

Meaning

a venomous snake with a hood that can be spread when threatened

Example

The cobra raised its hood and hissed at the intruder.

B2 noun ˌkʌl.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən

cultivation

Meaning

The practice of preparing and using land for crops or gardening; the action of improving or developing something.

Example

The cultivation of organic crops has increased worldwide.

B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

Meaning

a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace

Example

She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.

B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

Meaning

able to be believed; convincing

Example

Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.

B2 adjective /ˌkɑː.di.əʊˈvæs.kjʊ.lər/

cardiovascular

Meaning

Relating to the heart and blood vessels.

Example

Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health.

B2 noun /kəˈlɛktər/

collector

Meaning

a person who collects things as a hobby or job

Example

He is a stamp collector with thousands of rare items.

B2 noun /kəˈkeɪn/

cocaine

Meaning

a powerful and addictive illegal drug made from coca leaves

Example

He was arrested for possessing cocaine.

B2 noun kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

collaboration

Meaning

The action of working with someone to produce or create something

Example

International collaboration is necessary to fight pollution.

B2 noun /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

continuity

Meaning

the state of being continuous or connected; consistency over time

Example

Maintaining continuity in leadership is essential for organizational stability.

B2 adjective /kəˈmɛndəbl̩/

commendable

Meaning

deserving praise or approval

Example

Her dedication to the project was truly commendable.

B2 noun /kənˈvɜː.ʃən/

Conversion

Meaning

The process of changing or causing something to change from one form to another.

Example

High website conversion rates indicate effective marketing.

B2 verb /kənˈstrʌkt/

construct

Meaning

to build or form something by putting parts together

Example

They plan to construct a new bridge over the river.

B2 noun /ˈkreɪ.dəl/

Cradle

Meaning

a small bed for a baby, especially one that rocks from side to side

Example

The baby sleeps peacefully in the cradle.

B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌteɪtər/

commentator

Meaning

a person who reports and discusses events, especially on TV or radio

Example

The commentator described the football match in detail.

B2 noun /kənˈtɛmpt/

contempt

Meaning

a strong feeling of dislike and lack of respect towards someone or something

Example

He spoke with contempt about the corrupt officials.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl.ɪŋ/

counselling

Meaning

the process of giving professional guidance and support to help someone deal with personal, social, psychological, or career-related problems

Example

She decided to seek counselling to manage stress and anxiety.

B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

Meaning

A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.

Example

The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.

B2 verb /kəˈrɛspɒnd/

correspond

Meaning

to communicate by exchanging letters or messages

Example

I correspond regularly with my old friends.

B2 noun ক্লাইম্যাটিক কন্ডিশন্স

climatic conditions

Meaning

The atmospheric or weather patterns of a particular region.

Example

Specific climatic conditions are required for snowfall.

B2 verb /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/

contemplate

Meaning

to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully

Example

She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.

B2 adjective /kɒzˈmɛt.ɪk/

cosmetic

Meaning

relating to beauty or appearance; intended to improve looks

Example

She bought a new cosmetic cream for her skin.

B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

Meaning

following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential

Example

She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.

B2 noun /ˈkɒk.roʊtʃ/

Cockroach

Meaning

a flat brown insect that is commonly found in kitchens and other warm places

Example

A cockroach ran across the kitchen floor quickly.

B2 adjective /ˈsel.jə.lər/

Cellular

Meaning

relating to cells; consisting of cells; relating to mobile phone technology

Example

Cellular technology has revolutionized communication.

B2 noun /kəˈlɪʒ.ən/

Collision

Meaning

an instance of one moving object hitting violently against another; a conflict of opposing ideas or interests

Example

The collision between two cars caused a major traffic jam.

B2 adjective /ˈklʌm.zi/

clumsy

Meaning

awkward in movement or lacking skill

Example

He is so clumsy that he drops things all the time.

B2 adjective /ˈkæθəlɪk/

catholic

Meaning

Including a wide variety; all-embracing; relating to the Roman Catholic Church.

Example

She has catholic tastes in music, enjoying everything from jazz to opera.

B2 adjective kəˈlɛktɪv

collective

Meaning

Done by people acting as a group; shared by all members of a group.

Example

Victory Day represents our collective pride.

B2 noun/verb /sɪˈmɛnt/

cement

Meaning

a powdery substance that binds materials together; to make something strong or permanent

Example

The treaty helped cement the relationship between the two countries.

B2 noun /kəˈdɛt/

cadet

Meaning

A young trainee in the armed forces, police, or other organization.

Example

The cadet marched proudly in the parade.

B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

Meaning

to organize people or things so that they work together effectively

Example

We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.

B2 noun /ˈkæbɪnət/

Cabinet

Meaning

a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storage

Example

The kitchen cabinet is full of dishes and utensils.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bəl/

Changeable

Meaning

able to be changed; likely to change frequently

Example

The weather is very changeable in spring.

B2 noun /ˈkʌt.lət/

Cutlet

Meaning

a small piece of meat, especially veal or lamb, for frying or grilling

Example

She served delicious chicken cutlets for dinner.