caution
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B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən

caution

Meaning
Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.
Example
Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.
B2 noun /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/

Compassion

Meaning
sympathetic concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others; deep awareness of suffering with a desire to help
Example
She showed great compassion towards the homeless children by providing them food and shelter.
B2 noun /ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/

carbohydrate

Meaning
a nutrient that provides energy, found in foods like rice, bread, and sugar
Example
Rice and potatoes are rich in carbohydrates.
B2 noun /kəmˈplɛksɪti/

complexity

Meaning
The state of being complex; intricacy.
Example
The complexity of the problem required a team of experts.
B2 noun /ˈkænən/

Cannon

Meaning
large heavy gun that fires cannonballs or shells
Example
The castle was defended by several large cannons.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpækt/

Compact

Meaning
closely and neatly packed together; small and efficiently designed
Example
She bought a compact car that fits easily in small parking spaces.
B2 noun /kɒd fɪʃ/

Cod fish

Meaning
A large marine fish with white flesh, commonly used for food
Example
The fisherman caught a large cod fish in the North Atlantic.
B2 noun /ˈkæt fɪʃ/

Cat fish

Meaning
a freshwater fish with whisker-like barbels around the mouth, commonly found in ponds and rivers
Example
Catfish is often fried and served with rice in Bengali cuisine.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

compulsory

Meaning
Required by law or a rule; obligatory.
Example
Wearing seat belts is compulsory in most countries.
B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/

charisma

Meaning
Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.
Example
His charisma helped him become a great leader.
B2 verb /kənˈsiːv/

conceive

Meaning
to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant
Example
It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
B2 adjective /ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/

clinical

Meaning
Related to the observation and treatment of patients rather than theoretical study.
Example
The doctor conducted a clinical examination.
B2 noun /kleɪ/

clay

Meaning
a natural material made of fine earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making pottery
Example
The artist molded the wet clay into a beautiful vase.
B2 noun /kloʊv/

Clove

Meaning
aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, used as a spice
Example
She added a few cloves to the mulled wine for extra flavor.
B2 noun /ˌkɔːriˈændər/

Coriander

Meaning
aromatic herb with feathery leaves used for flavoring food; also refers to the seeds used as spice
Example
Fresh coriander leaves are sprinkled on top of the curry.
B2 noun /ˈkʌt.lət/

Cutlet

Meaning
a small piece of meat, especially veal or lamb, for frying or grilling
Example
She served delicious chicken cutlets for dinner.
B2 noun /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/

Chaos

Meaning
complete disorder and confusion; a state of total confusion with no order
Example
The earthquake caused chaos in the city as buildings collapsed and people panicked.
B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

Meaning
A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.
Example
Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.
B2 noun /ˈtʃɪk piː/

Chick pea

Meaning
round beige legume; protein-rich pulse used in various dishes
Example
Soak the chick peas overnight before cooking them for better digestion.
B2 noun /ˈkruː.əl.ti/

Cruelty

Meaning
behavior that causes pain or suffering to others; the quality of being cruel
Example
The documentary exposed the cruelty of factory farming to animals.
B2 adjective /ˈkæθəlɪk/

catholic

Meaning
Including a wide variety; all-embracing; relating to the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
She has catholic tastes in music, enjoying everything from jazz to opera.
B2 noun /kriːk/

creek

Meaning
a small stream or narrow river
Example
We went fishing by the creek near our house.
B2 noun /koʊl/

coal

Meaning
a black or dark brown rock used as fuel, formed from decomposed plant matter
Example
The factory still uses coal as its main source of energy.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒst.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

cost-efficient

Meaning
Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Example
Cost-efficient solutions benefit industries.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

Meaning
a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner
Example
The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.
B2 verb /ˈkɑːŋkər/

conquer

Meaning
to overcome and take control of; to defeat in war; to master or overcome
Example
The army managed to conquer the enemy territory.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

Meaning
solid; real; tangible; actual and specific
Example
We need concrete evidence to support our claims.
B2 verb /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/

consolidate

Meaning
To combine things in order to make them more effective or easier to handle.
Example
The company aims to consolidate its market position.
B2 noun ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən

consultation

Meaning
The action of consulting or discussing; a meeting with an expert or professional to seek advice.
Example
Consultation was essential.
B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

Meaning
to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge
Example
He confessed his mistake to his teacher.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/

Complimentary

Meaning
expressing praise or admiration; given or supplied free of charge as a courtesy
Example
The hotel offers complimentary breakfast for all guests.
B2 adjective /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

cooperative

Meaning
willing to work or act together with others for a common purpose
Example
She was very cooperative during the interview process.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

Meaning
to praise formally or officially
Example
The teacher commended the students for their hard work.
B2 noun /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən ˈmuːvmənt/

Conservation Movement

Meaning
A political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.
Example
The conservation movement began in the 19th century to protect wildlife.
B2 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

complement

Meaning
something that completes or goes well with something; to add something that enhances or improves
Example
The scarf complements her outfit perfectly.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

chord

Meaning
A group of musical notes played or sung together; also a straight line segment joining two points on a curve.
Example
She strummed a simple chord on the guitar.
B2 adverb /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/

consequently

Meaning
as a result; therefore
Example
He didn’t study, and consequently he failed the exam.
B2 noun /ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri/

cemetery

Meaning
a place where dead people are buried
Example
The old cemetery is located at the edge of the village.
B2 verb, noun /kəˈmjuːt/

commute

Meaning
Verb: to travel regularly between home and work; Noun: the journey to and from work.
Example
He commutes two hours every day to reach his office.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

Meaning
Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.
Example
The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.
B2 verb/noun /ˈsɛnsər/

censor

Meaning
to suppress or remove parts of books, films, or information considered offensive or harmful; a person who does this
Example
The government tried to censor the controversial film.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃʌbi/

chubby

Meaning
slightly fat in a way that looks healthy and pleasant
Example
The baby has chubby cheeks.
B2 adjective kənˈsaɪs

concise

Meaning
Brief and clearly expressed without unnecessary details.
Example
A concise speech is more impactful than a long one.
B2 noun /ˈkreɪ.dəl/

Cradle

Meaning
a small bed for a baby, especially one that rocks from side to side
Example
The baby sleeps peacefully in the cradle.
B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

Meaning
sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking
Example
Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.
B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

Meaning
permission for something to happen or agreement to do something
Example
She gave her consent before the operation.
B2 noun /ˈklær.ɪ.ti/

clarity

Meaning
The quality of being coherent and intelligible; transparency or lucidity.
Example
The speaker's clarity made the concept easy to understand.
B2 preposition /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/

concerning

Meaning
about or relating to something; causing worry or anxiety
Example
There are some reports concerning the new project.
B2 verb /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/

complicate

Meaning
To make something more difficult or confusing.
Example
The new rules will only complicate the process.
B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

Meaning
A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
Example
The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
B2 verb /kənˈfɜːr/

confer

Meaning
to discuss something important or to grant or bestow something
Example
The committee will confer to decide on the new policy.
B2 noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/

conviction

Meaning
A firmly held belief or opinion.
Example
She spoke with conviction, making everyone believe her.
B2 adjective /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/

conservative

Meaning
Favoring traditional views and values; resistant to change.
Example
He has conservative views on family and society.
B2 noun /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

conjunction

Meaning
a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words
Example
The words 'and' and 'but' are common conjunctions.
B2 noun /kɜːrd/

Curd

Meaning
a white dairy product made by coagulating milk; yogurt
Example
She added fresh curd to the salad for a tangy flavor.
B2 noun /ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

certification

Meaning
the process of officially recognizing or confirming that something or someone meets required standards; an official document proving qualification
Example
She received her professional certification after completing the training program.
B2 noun /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/

coverage

Meaning
The extent or scope of something, such as insurance protection or media reporting.
Example
The news channel provided extensive coverage of the event.
B2 noun /ˈkæriər/

carrier

Meaning
A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.
Example
The airline is the largest carrier in the country.
B2 verb /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/

coincide

Meaning
To occur at the same time or to be in agreement.
Example
The meeting coincided with her birthday.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

councillor

Meaning
an elected member of a local council who helps make decisions and represent the community
Example
The councillor spoke to residents about improving local roads.
B2 noun /ˈkoʊ.brə/

Cobra

Meaning
a venomous snake with a hood that can be spread when threatened
Example
The cobra raised its hood and hissed at the intruder.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.frənˈteɪ.ʃən/

Confrontation

Meaning
a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties; direct challenge or opposition
Example
The confrontation between the two leaders ended without any agreement.
B2 adjective /kənˈtɛmpərɛri/

contemporary

Meaning
belonging to the same time period; modern
Example
She enjoys contemporary art exhibitions.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.tən.ti/

Certainty

Meaning
firm conviction that something is the case; the quality of being reliably true
Example
We can say with certainty that the project will be completed on time.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛns/

commence

Meaning
to begin or start something
Example
The ceremony will commence at noon.
B2 noun /ˈsel.ər.i/

Celery

Meaning
a green vegetable with long crisp stems that can be eaten raw or cooked
Example
I added chopped celery to the soup for extra flavor.
B2 noun /kəˈrʌp.ʃən/

Corruption

Meaning
dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power; the process of decay or decomposition
Example
The government launched a campaign to fight corruption in public offices.
B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

Meaning
dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil
Example
The politician was accused of corrupt practices.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts
Example
He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.
B2 adjective /ˈklæsɪfaɪd/

classified

Meaning
arranged into categories; officially secret or restricted
Example
The report contains classified information and cannot be shared publicly.
B2 noun/adjective /səˈvɪliən/

civilian

Meaning
a person not in the armed forces or police
Example
The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.
B2 adjective kənˈven.ʃən.əl

conventional

Meaning
Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed; traditional, standard, customary.
Example
Many farmers still use conventional farming methods.
B2 noun /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

classification

Meaning
the action or process of classifying something into groups based on shared characteristics.
Example
The classification of animals helps in understanding their biology.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
B2 noun /ˈklɪərəns/

clearance

Meaning
official permission or authorization; the removal of something unwanted; the distance between two objects
Example
The pilot received clearance to land the plane.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

cord

Meaning
a long, thin, flexible string or rope
Example
He tied the package with a strong cord.
B2 adjective kəˈləʊ.ni.əl

colonial

Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonialism, especially involving the control of one country by another.
Example
Colonial rule suppressed local governance.
B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

Meaning
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
Example
The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.
B2 verb /ˈsɜːrkjəˌleɪt/

circulate

Meaning
to move continuously or freely through a closed system or area
Example
Air circulated freely in the open hall.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃær.ɪ.tə.bəl/

Charitable

Meaning
generous in giving to those in need; showing kindness
Example
She is known for her charitable work in the community.
B2 adjective ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv

comprehensive

Meaning
Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete and thorough.
Example
A comprehensive study enhances understanding.
B2 verb /ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪkt/

contradict

Meaning
to say or show the opposite of something that has been said or believed
Example
His actions contradict his words.
B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

Meaning
matching or related to something
Example
The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.
B2 noun /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/

Conscience

Meaning
an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior
Example
His conscience prevented him from lying to his parents about his grades.
B2 adjective kɒnˈtek.stju.əl

contextual

Meaning
Depending on or relating to the circumstances or setting; context-dependent.
Example
Contextual meaning changes depending on usage.
B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

Meaning
a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials
Example
The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪvɪk/

civic

Meaning
relating to a city, town, or the duties of its citizens
Example
The mayor encouraged people to take part in civic activities.
B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

Meaning
The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.
Example
The manager requested clarification on the project details.
B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

Meaning
a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace
Example
She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.
B2 noun /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

chamber

Meaning
a large room used for formal or public events, or a private room.
Example
The king held meetings in his private chamber.
B2 verb /kənˈfɔːrm/

conform

Meaning
To comply with rules, standards, or laws.
Example
Students must conform to the school regulations.
B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

Meaning
To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
The river was contaminated by industrial waste.
B2 noun /kəˈmændər/

Commander

Meaning
a person in authority over a military unit; leader of armed forces
Example
The commander ordered his troops to advance.
B2 noun /ˈsɛnsəs/

census

Meaning
An official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.
Example
The government conducted a census to update demographic data.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər/

counter

Meaning
a flat surface in a shop, bank, or kitchen where transactions or work are done
Example
The cashier stood behind the counter.
B2 noun /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/

coordination

Meaning
the process of organizing different elements to work together effectively
Example
The coordination between the teams was flawless.
B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

Meaning
A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.
Example
Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.
B2 verb /klɪŋ/

cling

Meaning
to hold on tightly to someone or something
Example
The child clung to his mother in fear.
B2 noun /ˈkæʃuː nʌts/

Cashew nuts

Meaning
kidney-shaped nuts from the cashew tree, commonly eaten as snacks or used in cooking
Example
Cashew nuts are often used in Indian sweets and curries.
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.trəˈdɪk.ʃən/

Contradiction

Meaning
a combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another; inconsistency
Example
There was a clear contradiction between his words and his actions.
B2 noun /ˈkɒnsənənt/

consonant

Meaning
A speech sound produced by blocking air flow, or a letter representing such a sound.
Example
The word 'cat' has two consonants and one vowel.
B2 verb /kloʊð/

clothe

Meaning
to put clothes on; to dress; to provide with clothing
Example
She clothed the baby in warm garments.
B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

Meaning
The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.
Example
Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.
B2 noun /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

component

Meaning
a part or element of a larger whole, especially a machine or system
Example
The engine is the most important component of the car.
B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt

character development

Meaning
The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.
Example
The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.
B2 noun ˌkɒn.fɪ.den.ʃiˈæl.ɪ.ti

confidentiality

Meaning
The state of keeping or being kept secret or private
Example
Confidentiality is crucial in data security.
B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

Meaning
The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.
Example
High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.
B2 noun /ˈkɑn.trəˌvɜr.si/

Controversy

Meaning
prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion; a dispute or argument involving opposing viewpoints
Example
The new policy sparked a major controversy among the citizens.
B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

Meaning
to organize people or things so that they work together effectively
Example
We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.
B2 adjective /ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd/

calculated

Meaning
Done with full awareness of the consequences; deliberate or carefully planned.
Example
Her calculated move gave her an advantage over her competitors.
B2 verb /ˈklæsɪfaɪ/

classify

Meaning
to arrange or organize into categories or groups
Example
The librarian classified the books by subject.
B2 verb /kəmˈplaɪ/

comply

Meaning
to act in accordance with a rule, request, or law
Example
All companies must comply with safety regulations.
B2 adjective /kɒzˈmɛt.ɪk/

cosmetic

Meaning
relating to beauty or appearance; intended to improve looks
Example
She bought a new cosmetic cream for her skin.
B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

Meaning
A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.
Example
She created a collage using old magazine pictures.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpæʃənət/

Compassionate

Meaning
feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others who are suffering
Example
The compassionate nurse took extra time to comfort the worried patients.
B2 phrase kəˈlek.tɪv ˈæk.ʃən

collective action

Meaning
Action taken by a group of people working together toward a common goal or purpose.
Example
Collective action is needed to mitigate climate change.
B2 noun /sərˈkʌmfərəns/

circumference

Meaning
the distance around the edge of a circle
Example
The teacher asked us to calculate the circumference of the circle.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌtɛri/

commentary

Meaning
An expression of opinions or explanations about an event, situation, or text.
Example
The professor's commentary on the novel was insightful.