B2 noun /əˈpɒstrəfi/

apostrophe

Meaning

A punctuation mark (') used to indicate possession or the omission of letters or numbers.

Example

You need an apostrophe in the word 'children’s'.

B2 noun ˈæsɪd reɪn

acid rain

Meaning

Rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, especially from industrial emissions.

Example

Acid rain damages crops and buildings.

B2 noun /əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt/

acknowledgment

Meaning

the act of accepting, admitting, or recognizing something

Example

He received an acknowledgment of his application.

B2 noun /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtər/

administrator

Meaning

a person responsible for running or managing an organization or system

Example

The school administrator implemented new policies for students.

B2 noun /ˈærəɡəns/

Arrogance

Meaning

having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities

Example

His arrogance made him unpopular among his colleagues.

B2 verb /ænˈtɪsɪˌpeɪt/

anticipate

Meaning

to expect or look forward to something; to realize or foresee in advance

Example

We anticipate a large crowd at the event.

B2 adjective ˌæɡ.rɪˈkʌl.tʃər.əl

agricultural

Meaning

Connected with farming.

Example

Agricultural advancements enhance food security.

B2 adjective /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

Advantageous

Meaning

beneficial; favorable; profitable

Example

This position offers advantageous opportunities for career growth.

B2 noun /əˈvɔɪdəns/

avoidance

Meaning

the act of staying away from something; deliberate prevention of contact or confrontation

Example

Avoidance of difficult conversations can create bigger problems later.

B2 noun /ˌæbəˈlɪʃən/

abolition

Meaning

the act of formally ending or eliminating a system, practice, or institution

Example

The abolition of slavery was a major milestone in human rights history.

B2 adverb /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəli/

Artificially

Meaning

by artificial means; not naturally; in a fake manner

Example

The lake was artificially created for irrigation purposes.

B2 adjective /əˈsɪdɪk/

acidic

Meaning

containing acid; having a sour taste; sharp or biting in tone

Example

The lemon has an acidic taste that makes your mouth pucker.

B2 adjective /ænˈtɑːrktɪk/

antarctic

Meaning

relating to the region around the South Pole

Example

The Antarctic region is known for its extreme cold and icy landscapes.

B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prɪ.kɒt/

Apricot

Meaning

a small orange-colored fruit with a soft skin and sweet flesh

Example

The apricot tree produces sweet fruit in summer.

B2 adjective /ˈɛəri/

airy

Meaning

Spacious and well-ventilated; light and breezy.

Example

The new apartment is bright and airy.

B2 noun /æs/

Ass

Meaning

a donkey; a small domesticated animal of the horse family

Example

The farmer used an ass to carry heavy loads.

B2 noun ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃənz

allegations

Meaning

Claims or assertions that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.

Example

The allegations were investigated by an international body.

B2 adjective əˈkwætɪk

aquatic

Meaning

Growing or living in or near water; of or relating to water.

Example

Aquatic species are being endangered by pollution.

B2 adverb /ɔːˈθentɪkli/

authentically

Meaning

in a genuine, real, or true manner; in a way that reflects true character or origin

Example

She speaks authentically about her experiences.

B2 noun, verb /ˈædvɜːrt/

advert

Meaning

(noun) a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event; (verb) to refer to something in speaking or writing

Example

The company placed an advert in the newspaper for the new position.

B2 adjective, noun /ədˈvaɪzəri/

advisory

Meaning

(adjective) having the power to give advice but not to make sure that it is followed; (noun) an official announcement containing information or a warning

Example

The committee serves in an advisory capacity to the board of directors.

B2 noun /əˈriːnə/

arena

Meaning

a large area surrounded by seats for sports, entertainment, or other events

Example

The basketball game will be held in the new arena downtown.

B2 adverb /əˈbrʌptli/

Abruptly

Meaning

suddenly and unexpectedly; without warning

Example

The meeting ended abruptly when the power went out.

B2 noun /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/

anthropology

Meaning

the scientific study of humans, their societies, cultures, and development

Example

She decided to major in anthropology at university.

B2 adverb /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkli/

alphabetically

Meaning

in the order of the letters of the alphabet

Example

The names are listed alphabetically in the register.

B2 noun /əˈreɪ/

array

Meaning

an impressive display or arrangement of things

Example

The shop displayed an array of colorful dresses.

B2 adjective /əˈfekʃənət/

Affectionate

Meaning

loving; caring; tender; showing affection

Example

She is very affectionate towards her children.

B2 noun əˈlaɪ.əns

alliance

Meaning

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

Example

Global alliances promote environmental sustainability.

B2 noun /ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə.dʒi/

archeology

Meaning

the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures

Example

She decided to study archeology to learn about ancient civilizations.

B2 noun ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃɚ

agriculture

Meaning

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

Example

Sustainable agriculture can help protect the environment.

B2 noun /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Agony

Meaning

extreme physical or mental suffering; intense pain

Example

He was in agony after the accident.

B2 noun /æmˈbæsədər/

Ambassador

Meaning

an accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country

Example

The ambassador met with government officials to discuss trade agreements.

B2 adverb /əˈtræktɪvli/

attractively

Meaning

in a pleasing or appealing way; in a manner that draws interest or admiration

Example

The room was attractively decorated with soft lights and plants.

B2 noun əˈbʌndəns

abundance

Meaning

A very large quantity of something; plenty

Example

The abundance of vegetables in winter is remarkable.

B2 noun əˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən

appreciation

Meaning

An increase in the value of an asset over time.

Example

Real estate properties often experience appreciation over time.

B2 noun ˌæs.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən

aspiration

Meaning

A hope or ambition of achieving something, a strong desire or goal to achieve something.

Example

His aspiration is to become a successful entrepreneur.

B2 adjective æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs

ambiguous

Meaning

Having more than one possible meaning; unclear or vague.

Example

His statement was too ambiguous to understand.

B2 verb /əˈstaʊnd/

astound

Meaning

to greatly surprise or amaze someone

Example

The magician's final trick astounded the audience.

B2 noun /ˈæl.oʊ ˈvɪər.ə/

Aloe Vera

Meaning

a succulent plant with thick fleshy leaves and medicinal properties; produces tubular flowers

Example

The aloe vera plant blooms with orange or yellow tubular flowers.

B2 verb əˈkwaɪər

acquire

Meaning

To gain or obtain something, especially knowledge or skills, through effort or experience.

Example

Volunteers acquire new skills through their experiences.

B2 verb/adjective /ɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

articulate

Meaning

to express thoughts or ideas clearly; having the ability to speak fluently and clearly

Example

She was able to articulate her ideas during the meeting.

B2 adjective ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd

anticipated

Meaning

Expected or predicted to happen; foreseen in advance.

Example

The anticipated growth exceeded the city's capacity.

B2 noun /ˈæltɪtuːd/

altitude

Meaning

the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level

Example

The airplane is flying at an altitude of 30,000 feet.

B2 noun /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/

abbreviation

Meaning

a shortened form of a word or phrase

Example

NASA is an abbreviation for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

B2 adjective /ˈædmərəbəl/

Admirable

Meaning

প্রশংসনীয়; চমৎকার;

Example

Her dedication to helping others is truly admirable.

B2 adjective /əˈstɒnɪʃt/

astonished

Meaning

feeling very surprised or amazed

Example

She was astonished by the magician's incredible trick.

B2 verb /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/

acknowledge

Meaning

to accept or admit the existence or truth of something; to recognize

Example

She acknowledged her mistake and apologized.

B2 noun əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti

accountability

Meaning

The fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.

Example

Accountability is key to maintaining trust in any system.

B2 adjective /əˈlɛdʒd/

alleged

Meaning

said or thought to be true, but not proven

Example

The alleged thief was caught by the police.

B2 adjective /ˌɑːrkɪˈtɛktʃərəl/

architectural

Meaning

relating to the design and style of buildings and structures

Example

The city is known for its beautiful architectural designs.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrm.pɪt/

Armpit

Meaning

the hollow area under the arm where it joins the shoulder

Example

He applied deodorant to his armpit.

B2 verb /əˈkʌmpəni/

accompany

Meaning

to go somewhere with someone as a companion or escort

Example

She asked her friend to accompany her to the concert.

B2 adjective /æbˈnɔːr.məl/

abnormal

Meaning

deviating from what is normal or usual, typically in a way that is undesirable

Example

The doctor noticed an abnormal growth in the patient’s lung.

B2 noun ɔːˈtɒnəmi

autonomy

Meaning

The right or condition of self-government; freedom from external control or influence.

Example

Autonomy was a primary demand.

B2 adverb /ˈænjuəli/

annually

Meaning

once every year; yearly

Example

The company holds a general meeting annually.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪˌfækt/

artifact

Meaning

an object made by humans, typically of historical or cultural interest

Example

The museum displayed ancient artifacts from Egypt.

B2 noun /əˈplɔːz/

applause

Meaning

the sound of people clapping their hands to show approval or enjoyment

Example

The actor received loud applause after his performance.

B2 adjective /ˌæn.tiˈsoʊ.ʃəl/

Antisocial

Meaning

avoiding social interaction; hostile to social order

Example

His antisocial behavior made it difficult for him to make friends.

B2 verb /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

accumulate

Meaning

to gather or collect things gradually over time

Example

She managed to accumulate a small fortune through wise investments.

B2 verb /əˈveɪl/

avail

Meaning

to make use of something; to be of use or benefit

Example

You should avail yourself of this opportunity.

B2 adjective /əˈdɪktɪd/

addicted

Meaning

Being unable to stop engaging in a particular activity or consuming a particular substance.

Example

Many people are addicted to social media.

B2 verb /əˈsend/

ascend

Meaning

to go up or climb to a higher position; to rise

Example

The climbers will ascend the mountain at dawn.

B2 adjective /əˈtʃiːvəbl/

achievable

Meaning

Able to be brought about or reached successfully.

Example

Start with achievable steps to stay motivated.

B2 noun/verb /eɪp/

ape

Meaning

a large primate similar to a monkey but without a tail; as a verb, to imitate or mimic

Example

Children often ape the behavior of adults.

B2 verb /əˈkʌstəm/

accustom

Meaning

to make someone familiar with something through regular experience or use

Example

It took him a while to accustom himself to the new environment.

B2 adverb /əˈten.tɪv.li/

Attentively

Meaning

with careful attention; in a focused manner

Example

She listened attentively to her teacher's instructions.

B2 adverb /ˈæktɪvli/

actively

Meaning

in a way that involves energetic participation or effort

Example

He is actively involved in community service.

B2 adjective + noun əˈdæptɪv ˈfiːtʃərz

adaptive features

Meaning

Characteristics that help organisms adjust to their environment

Example

Plants' adaptive features help them grow in winter.

B2 verb /ˈɔːltər/

alter

Meaning

to change or modify something slightly but significantly

Example

She decided to alter her dress to make it fit better.

B2 noun /ˈæplɪkənt/

applicant

Meaning

a person who applies for something, such as a job or a position

Example

The applicant was interviewed for the position.

B2 adjective, noun, verb /ˈæb.strækt/

abstract

Meaning

existing in thought or as an idea but not having physical or concrete existence; a summary of a text

Example

The artist is known for her abstract paintings.

B2 noun /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

adjustment

Meaning

a small change made to improve something or make it work better

Example

The doctor made an adjustment to the patient’s medication.

B2 noun /ˈækjərəsi/

Accuracy

Meaning

the quality of being correct or precise; exactness

Example

The accuracy of the measurements is very important.

B2 adverb /ˈɑːɡjuːəbli/

arguably

Meaning

used to say that a statement is open to argument or is considered true by many people

Example

She is arguably the most talented player on the team.

B2 noun /ˈænθəm/

anthem

Meaning

A song that is identified with a particular group, movement, or nation, often expressing pride or unity.

Example

The national anthem was played before the football match.

B2 noun ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən

adaptation

Meaning

The action or process of adapting or being adapted.

Example

Adaptation to climate change is critical for resilience.

B2 adjective /əˈten.tɪv/

Attentive

Meaning

careful to pay attention; alert and observant

Example

The attentive student listened carefully to every word the teacher said.

B2 noun /ɑːrtʃ/

arch

Meaning

a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight above it

Example

The ancient arch still stands in the city center.

B2 noun/verb /ɔːˈdɪʃən/

audition

Meaning

A trial performance by an actor, singer, or musician to demonstrate suitability for a role.

Example

She auditioned for the lead role in the school play.

B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

Allegation

Meaning

a claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal

Example

The allegation against him was proven false.

B2 noun /ˌæljuˈmɪniəm/

aluminium

Meaning

a lightweight, silvery-white metal used widely in manufacturing and packaging

Example

Aluminium is commonly used to make cans and aircraft parts.

B2 noun /ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi/

aristocracy

Meaning

a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility

Example

The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions.

B2 verb əˈlaɪn.ɪŋ

aligning

Meaning

Placing or arranging things in a straight line or in correct relative positions.

Example

Aligning education with global standards is vital.

B2 verb /əˈspaɪər/

aspire

Meaning

to have a strong desire to achieve something

Example

Many students aspire to study abroad.

B2 verb /əˈweɪkən/

awaken

Meaning

to stop sleeping; to cause to become aware

Example

The loud noise awakened the entire neighborhood.

B2 noun əˈʃɔː.rəns

assurance

Meaning

A positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise.

Example

Assurance of quality is a priority for the council.

B2 verb /əˈmend/

amend

Meaning

to make changes or corrections to improve something; to modify

Example

They amended the contract to include new terms.

B2 verb /əˈlaɪn/

align

Meaning

To arrange things in a straight line; to adjust or bring into proper relation or agreement.

Example

The manager asked the team to align their goals with the company's mission.

B2 adjective /ˈænɪmeɪtɪd/

animated

Meaning

Full of life or excitement; made using animation techniques.

Example

The animated film was loved by children and adults alike.

B2 adjective /əˈnɒn.ɪ.məs/

Anonymous

Meaning

having an unknown name or identity; nameless

Example

The author published the book under an anonymous pseudonym.

B2 noun ɑːmd ˈkɒn.flɪkt

armed conflict

Meaning

A contest of armed forces; warfare between opposing military forces.

Example

Armed conflict resulted in widespread devastation.

B2 adverb /ˈædɪkwətli/

adequately

Meaning

in a satisfactory manner

Example

He completed the task adequately, but could improve next time.

B2 noun /ˈæsɪd/

acid

Meaning

a chemical substance that reacts with bases and has a sour taste

Example

Lemons contain citric acid.

B2 noun /əˈsʌmpʃən/

Assumption

Meaning

a thing that is accepted as true without proof; a supposition

Example

His assumption about the weather proved to be wrong.

B2 noun /əˌdæptəˈbɪləti/

adaptability

Meaning

The quality of being able to adjust to new conditions or circumstances

Example

Adaptability to changing environments is crucial in business.

B2 noun /ˌɔː.θɛnˈtɪs.ə.ti/

authenticity

Meaning

The quality of being authentic; genuineness or truthfulness.

Example

The authenticity of the document was verified.

B2 noun /ˈæktɪvɪst/

activist

Meaning

A person who works to bring about social or political change.

Example

The activist organized a protest against pollution.

B2 verb əˈteɪnd

attained

Meaning

Succeeded in achieving (something that one desires and has worked for); reached a specified age, size, or amount.

Example

The region attained remarkable progress.

B2 adjective /əˈtɒm.ɪk/

Atomic

Meaning

relating to atoms or atomic energy; extremely small

Example

The atomic structure of hydrogen is the simplest.

B2 adjective /əˈbjuːsɪv/

abusive

Meaning

extremely offensive or insulting; involving physical or verbal harm

Example

She left her job because of her abusive boss.

B2 noun /ˈæbi/

abbey

Meaning

A large church building or monastery where monks or nuns live, work, and worship.

Example

The old abbey on the hill attracts many tourists each year.

B2 noun /əˈtɜːrni/

attorney

Meaning

a person who practices law; a lawyer

Example

She hired an attorney to represent her in court.

B2 adjective əˈstaʊn.dɪŋ

astounding

Meaning

Surprisingly impressive or notable; causing shock or surprise.

Example

The magician's astounding tricks left the audience speechless.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrkaɪvz/

adolescent

Meaning

A young person in the process of developing from a child into an adult.

Example

Adolescents often experience rapid physical and emotional changes.

B2 noun, verb /ˈædɪkt/ (noun), /əˈdɪkt/ (verb)

addict

Meaning

a person who is unable to stop using a harmful substance or doing something harmful; to cause someone to become dependent on something

Example

He is a video game addict who spends hours playing every day.

B2 noun, verb /əˈsɔːlt/

assault

Meaning

a physical attack or to attack someone violently

Example

He was charged with assault after the fight.

B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

allocation

Meaning

The action or process of distributing resources or duties for a particular purpose.

Example

Budget allocation for education must be increased.

B2 adjective /əˈkaʊntəbl/

accountable

Meaning

Required or expected to justify actions or decisions; responsible.

Example

Staying accountable helps reduce delays.

B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prən/

apron

Meaning

A protective garment worn over the front of one's clothes to keep them clean, especially while cooking.

Example

She tied an apron around her waist before cooking dinner.

B2 verb /əˈplɔːd/

applaud

Meaning

to show approval by clapping or expressing admiration

Example

The audience applauded the performance.

B2 adjective /əˈlaɪd/

Allied

Meaning

joined by agreement or treaty; associated; connected

Example

The allied forces worked together during the war.

B2 noun /ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm/

activism

Meaning

The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.

Example

Her environmental activism inspired many young people to take action.

B2 adjective ˌæn.əlˈɪt.ɪ.kəl

analytical

Meaning

Using or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole—intellectual or substantial—into its elemental parts or basic principles).

Example

She has an analytical approach to problem-solving.

B2 noun /əˈroʊmə/

aroma

Meaning

A pleasant, distinctive smell.

Example

The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the kitchen.

B2 noun /əˈnælədʒi/

analogy

Meaning

A comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

Example

The teacher used the analogy of a tree to explain the structure of an essay.

B2 noun /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/

astonishment

Meaning

Great surprise or amazement.

Example

She looked at the magician with astonishment.

B2 noun /əˈstrɒlədʒi/

astrology

Meaning

the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs

Example

She studied astrology to understand her future.

B2 verb /əˈkweɪnt/

acquaint

Meaning

to make someone familiar with something; to inform or introduce

Example

Please acquaint yourself with the safety guidelines before operating the machine.

B2 noun /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

autobiography

Meaning

An account of a person's life written by that person.

Example

She published an autobiography about her journey to success.

B2 noun /əˈlaɪnmənt/

alignment

Meaning

arrangement in a straight line or in proper position

Example

The alignment of the planets was perfect for the celestial event.