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C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
C1 verb əˈnaɪ.ə.leɪt

annihilate

Meaning
Destroy utterly; obliterate; reduce to nothing.
Example
The explosion annihilated the entire village.
C1 noun, verb /ˈɔːtɒpsi/

autopsy

Meaning
a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease
Example
The autopsy revealed that the victim had died from poisoning.
C1 adjective /əˈsɛndənt/

ascendant

Meaning
Rising in power or influence; dominant.
Example
She is an ascendant leader in the political party.
C1 adverb /əˈfrɛʃ/

afresh

Meaning
From the beginning, in a new way.
Example
After the failure, they started the project afresh.
C1 noun /ˈæntlɚ/

antler

Meaning
The branched horns on the head of a deer or similar animal, usually shed and regrown annually.
Example
The deer’s antlers grew larger each year.
C1 noun /əˈtaɪər/

attire

Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or elegant wear.
Example
She wore traditional attire at the wedding ceremony.
C1 adjective /ˈɛərˌtaɪt/

airtight

Meaning
Completely sealed so that no air can get in or out.
Example
Store the cookies in an airtight container to keep them fresh.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈmɔːrəl/

amoral

Meaning
Lacking a moral sense; unconcerned with rightness or wrongness of something.
Example
The character in the novel was portrayed as completely amoral.
C1 adverb /iːsˈθetɪkli/

aesthetically

Meaning
in a way that is concerned with beauty or visual appeal
Example
The building is aesthetically pleasing despite its simple design.
C1 noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/

antecedent

Meaning
something that came before; a previous event, condition, or cause
Example
The cultural antecedents of this festival go back centuries.
C1 noun /ænˈθɒlədʒi/

anthology

Meaning
A collection of literary works, such as poems, short stories, or essays, compiled into one volume.
Example
She contributed a poem to the new poetry anthology.
C1 adverb /əˈraɪ/

awry

Meaning
away from the expected or proper direction; wrong or amiss
Example
The plan went awry when the weather suddenly changed.
C1 verb /ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt/

authenticate

Meaning
To prove or show that something is genuine or true.
Example
The bank uses advanced technology to authenticate online transactions.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.nəs/

Anus

Meaning
the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste leaves the body
Example
The doctor examined the patient's anus during the medical checkup.
C1 noun /ˈæpəθi/

apathy

Meaning
a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
Example
The students showed apathy towards the new rules.
C1 verb /əkˈsɛntʃueɪt/

accentuate

Meaning
to emphasize or make something more noticeable
Example
The lighting accentuated the beauty of the painting.
C1 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

archbishop

Meaning
A senior bishop in charge of an archdiocese in the Christian Church.
Example
The archbishop delivered a sermon to thousands of people.
C1 noun esˈθet.ɪks

aesthetics

Meaning
A set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty, especially in art and design.
Example
Interior design focuses on aesthetics and functionality.
C1 noun /əˈbɪs/

abyss

Meaning
a deep, immeasurable space, chasm, or void; something seemingly without end
Example
The climbers looked down into the dark abyss below.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

Meaning
disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way
Example
He became agitated when he heard the bad news.
C1 adjective /ˈædəmənt/

Adamant

Meaning
একগুঁয়ে; জেদী; দৃঢ়সংকল্প; অনমনীয়;
Example
She was adamant about her decision to leave the company.
C1 noun /ɑːˌtɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/

articulation

Meaning
The action of putting into words an idea or feeling of a specified type.
Example
His articulation during the debate impressed everyone.
C1 noun əˈpreɪ.zəl

appraisal

Meaning
An assessment or evaluation of performance or quality.
Example
The annual appraisal determines salary increments.
C1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.moʊ.ni/

alimony

Meaning
financial support that a person is ordered by a court to give to their spouse after separation or divorce
Example
He was ordered by the court to pay monthly alimony to his ex-wife.
C1 adjective eɪˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

asynchronous

Meaning
Of or requiring a form of computer control timing protocol in which a specific operation begins upon receipt of an indication that the preceding operation has been completed.
Example
Asynchronous courses allow students to learn at their own pace.
C1 noun /ˈeɪθiɪzəm/

atheism

Meaning
The belief that there is no God or gods.
Example
He declared his atheism openly despite social pressure.
C1 noun /əˈsæsɪn/

Assassin

Meaning
a person who murders an important person for political or religious reasons
Example
The president was protected from potential assassins by security guards.
C1 adjective /əˈtrəʊ.ʃəs/

Atrocious

Meaning
horrifyingly wicked; extremely bad or unpleasant
Example
The conditions in the prison were atrocious.
C1 adjective /æbˈdɑː.mə.nəl/

abdominal

Meaning
relating to the abdomen (the part of the body between the chest and pelvis)
Example
He complained of severe abdominal pain.
C1 adjective, noun /ɔːɡˈzɪliəri/

auxiliary

Meaning
(adjective) providing supplementary or additional help and support; (noun) a person or thing that provides auxiliary support
Example
The hospital has an auxiliary power generator in case of emergencies.
C1 noun ˈæ.sɛt ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən

asset allocation

Meaning
An investment strategy that aims to balance risk and reward by apportioning a portfolio's assets according to an individual's goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon.
Example
Proper asset allocation is key to financial growth.
C1 verb /əˈkleɪm/

acclaim

Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and publicly
Example
The audience acclaimed the actor for his outstanding performance.
C1 noun /əˈstuːt.nəs/

astuteness

Meaning
The ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astuteness helped in negotiations.
C1 adjective ˌæd.vɚˈser.i.əl

adversarial

Meaning
Involving or characterized by conflict or opposition.
Example
The two companies have an adversarial relationship in the market.
C1 noun /əˈrɪəz/

arrears

Meaning
Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier.
Example
She was months in arrears with her electricity bill.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkəl/

atypical

Meaning
not representative of a type, group, or class; unusual or abnormal
Example
The doctor said it was an atypical case of the disease.
C1 noun /əˈsɛnʃən/

ascension

Meaning
The act of rising or going up, often to an important position or a higher place.
Example
His rapid ascension in the company surprised everyone.
C1 verb /ˈænɪmeɪt/

animate

Meaning
to bring to life or make lively; to create animation for films or cartoons
Example
The artist will animate the characters for the movie.
C1 noun ˌæɡ.rəʊˈkem.ɪ.kəl

agrochemical

Meaning
A chemical product used in agriculture, especially a pesticide or fertilizer.
Example
Excessive use of agrochemicals can degrade soil quality.
C1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒɪst/

apologist

Meaning
a person who defends or justifies something, often a controversial belief or institution
Example
He is known as an apologist for authoritarian regimes.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪθiˈɪstɪk/

atheistic

Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of atheists or atheism.
Example
She grew up in an atheistic household with no religious rituals.
C1 noun /əˈkwɪtl/

acquittal

Meaning
a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged
Example
The acquittal of the accused shocked the public.
C1 noun /əˈdʒeɪsənsi/

adjacency

Meaning
The state of being next to or adjoining something else.
Example
The adjacency of the two buildings made it easy to connect them.
C1 noun /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒɪst/

anthropologist

Meaning
a person who studies human societies, cultures, and their development
Example
The anthropologist spent years studying the tribal community.
C1 noun /ˈænərkɪst/

anarchist

Meaning
a person who believes in or promotes the absence of government or authority
Example
The anarchist group protested against state control.
C1 adjective /əˈdɒptɪv/

adoptive

Meaning
relating to the adoption of a child or the act of taking something as one’s own
Example
She grew up in a loving adoptive family.
C1 adjective /ɔːˌθɒr.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/

authoritarian

Meaning
Demanding absolute obedience to authority; excessively controlling or strict in governance.
Example
Authoritarian parenting often limits a child's independence.
C1 adverb /əˈtroʊʃəsli/

atrociously

Meaning
in a very cruel, shocking, or extremely bad manner
Example
The service at the restaurant was atrociously slow.
C1 noun /ˈælɪbaɪ/

alibi

Meaning
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a crime, was committed.
Example
She had a strong alibi that proved she was at the cinema during the theft.
C1 noun /ˌæktʃuˈæləti/

actuality

Meaning
The state of existing in reality rather than in appearance or imagination.
Example
The movie was based on historical actuality.
C1 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/

analgesic

Meaning
A drug or substance that relieves pain.
Example
She took an analgesic to ease her headache.
C1 adjective/adverb /əˈmɪs/

amiss

Meaning
Not quite right; inappropriate or out of place.
Example
Something seems amiss with the car's engine.
C1 noun /ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən/

annexation

Meaning
the act of adding or taking control of territory or property, especially by a state
Example
The annexation of the region led to international condemnation.
C1 noun /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

amplification

Meaning
the act or process of making something stronger, louder, or more intense; an expansion or elaboration of details
Example
The microphone provides amplification of the speaker’s voice.
C1 noun /ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt/

affidavit

Meaning
a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court
Example
The witness submitted an affidavit to the court.
C1 verb /əˈdɔːrn/

adorn

Meaning
to decorate or add beauty to something
Example
The hall was adorned with flowers for the wedding.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
C1 noun əˈtrɪʃ.ən

attrition

Meaning
The process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
Example
The company faced high employee attrition due to job dissatisfaction.
C1 noun /əˈsɛsər/

assessor

Meaning
a person who evaluates or estimates the nature, ability, or quality of something
Example
An external assessor reviewed the project report.
C1 adverb /ˈæmpli/

amply

Meaning
more than sufficiently; generously
Example
She was amply rewarded for her hard work.
C1 adjective /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl/

aboriginal

Meaning
Relating to the original inhabitants of a region.
Example
The museum has a large collection of aboriginal art.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrməri/

armory

Meaning
A place where weapons are stored; a supply of resources or skills.
Example
The soldiers kept their weapons in the armory.
C1 noun /əˈsem.bli ˈseʃ.ən/

assembly session

Meaning
A formal meeting where representatives gather to discuss and make decisions on important matters.
Example
The assembly session discussed global challenges.
C1 noun /əˈnɒməli/

anomaly

Meaning
something that deviates from the norm or expected result
Example
The sudden drop in temperature was considered an anomaly.
C1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lər/

Angular

Meaning
having sharp corners or edges; relating to angles
Example
The building has an angular design with sharp corners.
C1 noun /əˈkʌmplɪs/

accomplice

Meaning
a person who helps another commit a crime
Example
The thief was arrested along with his accomplice.
C1 noun /ˌædməˈnɪʃən/

admonition

Meaning
a firm warning or reprimand; gentle or earnest advice
Example
He received an admonition for his careless work.
C1 verb /əˈtjuːn/

attune

Meaning
to make someone or something aware of or responsive to something; to adjust or harmonize
Example
She quickly attuned herself to the needs of her new team.
C1 noun əˈɡrɛriən səˈsaɪətiz

agrarian societies

Meaning
Societies based on agriculture and farming as the primary economic activity.
Example
Agrarian societies emerged from a need for stable food sources.
C1 noun /ˈæmpɛər/

ampere

Meaning
A unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI), symbolized as A.
Example
The current flowing through the wire is measured in amperes.
C1 noun /ˈæmnəsti/

amnesty

Meaning
An official pardon granted to people who have been convicted of political offenses.
Example
The government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.
C1 noun /ˌænəsˈθetɪk/

anesthetic

Meaning
A substance that causes loss of sensation or consciousness, especially used during surgery.
Example
The doctor administered a local anesthetic before stitching the wound.
C1 noun /ˈæntənɪm/

antonym

Meaning
A word opposite in meaning to another.
Example
‘Hot’ is the antonym of ‘cold’.
C1 verb /ədˈmɒnɪʃ/

admonish

Meaning
to warn or reprimand someone firmly; to advise or urge earnestly
Example
The teacher admonished the students for being late.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːdəˌtɔːri/

auditory

Meaning
Relating to the sense of hearing.
Example
The lecture was designed to enhance students' auditory learning skills.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
C1 adjective /əˈɡrɛəriən/

agrarian

Meaning
Related to farming, agriculture, or rural land.
Example
The country’s economy is still largely agrarian.
C1 noun /əˌfɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

affiliation

Meaning
The state or process of affiliating or being affiliated; a connection or association.
Example
His affiliation with the company lasted for a decade.
C1 adjective /əˈnɒmələs/

anomalous

Meaning
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
Example
Scientists observed an anomalous result during the experiment.
C1 adverb /əˈnjuː/

anew

Meaning
In a new or different way; once more.
Example
After the failure, she decided to start her life anew.
C1 noun, verb, adjective /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡət/ (noun/adjective), /ˈæɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪt/ (verb)

aggregate

Meaning
A whole formed by combining several elements; to combine into a total.
Example
The data was aggregated to provide a clearer picture of the market.
C1 noun əbˈzɔːrp.ʃən

absorption

Meaning
The process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
Example
Plants help in the absorption of carbon dioxide.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
C1 noun /ˈæntɪˌdoʊt/

antidote

Meaning
A substance that neutralizes the effects of a poison; something that relieves or counteracts.
Example
The doctor quickly administered an antidote to the snake venom.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈstɪə/

austere

Meaning
Severe or strict in manner, attitude, or appearance; plain and simple.
Example
The monk lived an austere life in the mountains.
C1 noun /əˌtɜːni ˈdʒɛnərəl/

attorney-general

Meaning
The chief legal officer of a state or country.
Example
The attorney-general announced new reforms to strengthen justice.
C1 noun /ˌɑːr.kəˈpɛl.əˌɡoʊ/

archipelago

Meaning
A group of islands clustered together in a body of water.
Example
Indonesia is an archipelago with thousands of islands.
C1 noun /əˈpɒsəl/

apostle

Meaning
A vigorous and pioneering advocate or supporter of a particular cause, often used for the early Christian disciples.
Example
He became an apostle of environmental protection.
C1 verb /əbˈzɒlv/

absolve

Meaning
to free someone from blame, guilt, or responsibility; to pardon
Example
The priest absolved him of his sins.
C1 noun ˌeə.rəʊ.daɪˈnæm.ɪks

aerodynamics

Meaning
The study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it.
Example
The aerodynamics of an aircraft determines its speed and efficiency.
C1 adjective /ɑːrˈkeɪɪk/

archaic

Meaning
very old or old-fashioned; belonging to an earlier time
Example
Some laws are considered archaic and no longer relevant.
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/

accolade

Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
C1 noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts/

antecedents

Meaning
previous events, conditions, or people that influence or serve as a basis for something that follows
Example
The lawyer examined the criminal antecedents of the suspect.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/

algorithmic

Meaning
Based on or using algorithms; relating to mathematical rules or procedures.
Example
Algorithmic processes power artificial intelligence systems.
C1 noun /əˈstrɑː.lə.dʒər/

Astrologer

Meaning
a person who studies astrology and makes predictions based on the positions of stars and planets
Example
The astrologer predicted good fortune in her future.
C1 adjective ˈɑː.dʒu.əs

arduous

Meaning
Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
Example
The trek through the mountains was an arduous journey.
C1 noun /ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

alienation

Meaning
The state of being isolated or estranged from a group or activity.
Example
The new policies created a sense of alienation among employees.
C1 verb /əˈflɪkt/

afflict

Meaning
to cause pain, suffering, or distress to someone or something
Example
Many people are afflicted by seasonal allergies.
C1 noun /ænˈtɪθəsɪs/

antithesis

Meaning
A person, thing, or idea that is the direct opposite of another; a rhetorical device contrasting opposing ideas in parallel structure.
Example
Love is the antithesis of hate.
C1 noun /ɔːˈrɔːrə/

aurora

Meaning
A natural display of lights in the sky, usually seen in polar regions.
Example
We traveled to Norway to see the northern aurora.
C1 noun /əˈliː.dʒəns/

allegiance

Meaning
Loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause.
Example
Soldiers take an oath of allegiance to their country.
C1 noun /ˌæn.əˈnɪm.ə.ti/

anonymity

Meaning
The state of being anonymous; having one's identity kept secret or unknown.
Example
Online anonymity protects users from cyber threats.
C1 noun /ˈɔːtəkræt/

autocrat

Meaning
A ruler with absolute power.
Example
The autocrat controlled the country with an iron fist.
C1 noun/verb /ˈætrəfi/

atrophy

Meaning
a decrease in size or wasting away of a body part, tissue, or ability due to lack of use
Example
Without regular exercise, muscles may atrophy over time.
C1 adjective /ˌærɪˈstɒkrætɪk/

Aristocratic

Meaning
noble; having the manners of the upper class
Example
She had an aristocratic bearing that commanded respect.
C1 verb /əˈdʒɜrn/

adjourn

Meaning
to suspend a meeting or session to another time or place
Example
The judge decided to adjourn the hearing until next week.
C1 noun /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

armada

Meaning
A large fleet of warships.
Example
The Spanish Armada sailed against England in 1588.
C1 verb /ænˈtæɡənaɪz/

antagonize

Meaning
to cause someone to become hostile or angry; to provoke opposition
Example
His rude remarks only served to antagonize his colleagues.
C1 verb /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/

acclimate

Meaning
To adapt or become accustomed to a new environment or situation
Example
It takes time to acclimate to a new climate.
C1 verb /əˈpreɪz/

appraise

Meaning
to evaluate the value, quality, or importance of something
Example
The jeweler appraised the diamond before buying it.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːrɡjuəbl/

arguable

Meaning
open to debate or discussion; not certain and capable of being argued for or against
Example
It is arguable that technology has improved our quality of life.
C1 adjective /əˈkɪn/

akin

Meaning
Of similar character or related by blood.
Example
His reaction was akin to shock.
C1 noun /ˈæd.və.ser.i/

adversary

Meaning
One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Example
The boxer faced a strong adversary in the ring.
C1 adjective /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bəl/

Amiable

Meaning
friendly and pleasant; good-natured; kind
Example
My neighbor is very amiable and always greets everyone warmly.
C1 verb /əˈnʌl/

annul

Meaning
to declare something legally invalid or cancel it
Example
The court decided to annul the marriage due to fraud.
C1 verb /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/

augment

Meaning
To increase or strengthen something.
Example
The company plans to augment its workforce.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪsɪˈmɛtrɪk/

asymmetric

Meaning
Not having equal or corresponding parts; lacking symmetry.
Example
The design of the building is asymmetric and unusual.
C1 noun /əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃən/

assassination

Meaning
The act of killing someone important, often for political or ideological reasons.
Example
The assassination of the president shocked the nation.
C1 adjective /ænˈtɪriər/

anterior

Meaning
Situated at or toward the front; coming before in position or time.
Example
The anterior part of the brain controls logical thinking.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrdər/

ardor

Meaning
Great enthusiasm or passion.
Example
She spoke with ardor about her new project.