B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

Meaning

A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.

Example

Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.

B2 adjective /əˈtɒm.ɪk/

Atomic

Meaning

relating to atoms or atomic energy; extremely small

Example

The atomic structure of hydrogen is the simplest.

B2 verb /əˈmend/

amend

Meaning

to make changes or corrections to improve something; to modify

Example

They amended the contract to include new terms.

B2 noun /ˈɑːr.mər/

Armour

Meaning

protective covering worn by soldiers; metal plating for military vehicles

Example

The knight wore heavy armour to protect himself in battle.

B2 adverb /əˈlɔːŋ.saɪd/

Alongside

Meaning

beside; next to; together with

Example

She walked alongside her friend through the park.

B2 verb /əˈsɜːrt/

assert

Meaning

to state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully; to insist upon rights or claims

Example

She decided to assert her authority in the meeting.

B2 adjective /əˈlaɪd/

Allied

Meaning

joined by agreement or treaty; associated; connected

Example

The allied forces worked together during the war.

B2 verb /ˈænəlaɪz/

analyze

Meaning

to examine something in detail to understand it better or draw conclusions

Example

Scientists analyze data to discover new patterns.

B2 adjective /əˈdɪktɪd/

addicted

Meaning

Being unable to stop engaging in a particular activity or consuming a particular substance.

Example

Many people are addicted to social media.

B2 adjective /əˈpærənt/

apparent

Meaning

Clearly visible or understood; obvious.

Example

It soon became apparent that he was not telling the truth.

B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prɪ.kɒt/

Apricot

Meaning

a small orange-colored fruit with a soft skin and sweet flesh

Example

The apricot tree produces sweet fruit in summer.

B2 noun /ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm/

activism

Meaning

The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.

Example

Her environmental activism inspired many young people to take action.

B2 noun /ˈɔːkʃən/

Auction

Meaning

a public sale in which goods or property are sold to the highest bidder

Example

The antique furniture was sold at an auction last weekend.

B2 verb, noun, adjective /ˈɔːltərnət/ (adj, noun), /ˈɔːltərˌneɪt/ (verb)

alternate

Meaning

to occur in turn repeatedly; to take turns; also, a substitute or replacement

Example

The students alternate between online and offline classes.

B2 noun /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi/

archaeology

Meaning

the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts, monuments, and other physical remains

Example

She studied archaeology to learn about ancient civilizations.

B2 adjective æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs

ambiguous

Meaning

Having more than one possible meaning; unclear or vague.

Example

His statement was too ambiguous to understand.

B2 adjective /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

alarming

Meaning

Worrying or disturbing; causing concern or fear.

Example

The unemployment rate among youth is alarming.

B2 noun ɑːmd ˈkɒn.flɪkt

armed conflict

Meaning

A contest of armed forces; warfare between opposing military forces.

Example

Armed conflict resulted in widespread devastation.

B2 verb /əˈkweɪnt/

acquaint

Meaning

to make someone familiar with something; to inform or introduce

Example

Please acquaint yourself with the safety guidelines before operating the machine.

B2 verb /əˈweɪkən/

awaken

Meaning

to stop sleeping; to cause to become aware

Example

The loud noise awakened the entire neighborhood.

B2 adjective /əˈkuːstɪk/

acoustic

Meaning

relating to sound or the sense of hearing; not amplified by electrical means

Example

We recorded an acoustic version of the song in a quiet room.

B2 noun ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃɚ

agriculture

Meaning

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

Example

Sustainable agriculture can help protect the environment.

B2 noun ˈæp.ə.taɪt

appetite

Meaning

A natural desire to satisfy a bodily need, especially for food.

Example

Junk food increases appetite unnaturally.

B2 noun /əˈkaʊntɪŋ/

accounting

Meaning

the process of recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions

Example

She works in the accounting department of a large firm.

B2 adjective ˌæn.əlˈɪt.ɪ.kəl

analytical

Meaning

Using or skilled in using analysis (i.e., separating a whole—intellectual or substantial—into its elemental parts or basic principles).

Example

She has an analytical approach to problem-solving.

B2 noun /ˌɔː.θɛnˈtɪs.ə.ti/

authenticity

Meaning

The quality of being authentic; genuineness or truthfulness.

Example

The authenticity of the document was verified.

B2 verb /əˈspaɪər/

aspire

Meaning

to have a strong desire to achieve something

Example

Many students aspire to study abroad.

B2 adjective ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd

anticipated

Meaning

Expected or predicted to happen; foreseen in advance.

Example

The anticipated growth exceeded the city's capacity.

B2 noun, verb /əˈsɔːlt/

assault

Meaning

a physical attack or to attack someone violently

Example

He was charged with assault after the fight.

B2 noun /əˈstrɒnəmər/

astronomer

Meaning

a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and the universe

Example

The astronomer observed the new comet through his telescope.

B2 noun /əˈtɜːrni/

attorney

Meaning

a person who practices law; a lawyer

Example

She hired an attorney to represent her in court.

B2 adverb /ˈæk.jə.rət.li/

Accurately

Meaning

in an exact way, without any mistakes; precisely; correctly

Example

She accurately predicted the outcome of the election.

B2 adjective /əˈfekʃənət/

Affectionate

Meaning

loving; caring; tender; showing affection

Example

She is very affectionate towards her children.

B2 adjective /əˈtʃiːvəbl/

achievable

Meaning

Able to be brought about or reached successfully.

Example

Start with achievable steps to stay motivated.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪzən/

artisan

Meaning

a skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand

Example

The artisan crafted a beautiful wooden chair.

B2 adjective ˌæɡ.rɪˈkʌl.tʃər.əl

agricultural

Meaning

Connected with farming.

Example

Agricultural advancements enhance food security.

B2 noun /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃən/

accusation

Meaning

A statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal.

Example

She made an accusation of theft against her colleague.

B2 noun /ˈɑːr.tɪ.zən/

Artison

Meaning

a skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand

Example

The artisan created a beautiful wooden sculpture.

B2 noun /eɪd/

aide

Meaning

An assistant or helper, especially to an important person.

Example

The senator’s aide organized the meeting with journalists.

B2 noun /ˈækni/

acne

Meaning

a skin condition in which pores become inflamed and clogged, causing pimples and spots

Example

Regular cleansing and a balanced diet can help reduce acne.

B2 noun /əˈreɪ/

array

Meaning

an impressive display or arrangement of things

Example

The shop displayed an array of colorful dresses.

B2 adjective /ˈædvɜːrs/

Adverse

Meaning

harmful; unfavorable; opposing; negative

Example

The adverse weather conditions forced them to cancel the event.

B2 adjective /əˈsɪdɪk/

acidic

Meaning

containing acid; having a sour taste; sharp or biting in tone

Example

The lemon has an acidic taste that makes your mouth pucker.

B2 noun /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

autobiography

Meaning

An account of a person's life written by that person.

Example

She published an autobiography about her journey to success.

B2 noun /əˈsaɪləm/

asylum

Meaning

Protection or shelter, especially given to refugees or the mentally ill.

Example

The refugees sought asylum in the neighboring country.

B2 noun /əˈnælədʒi/

analogy

Meaning

A comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

Example

The teacher used the analogy of a tree to explain the structure of an essay.

B2 adjective ˌæn.tiˌdɪs.krɪˈmɪn.eɪ.ʃən

anti-discrimination

Meaning

Opposed to or working against discrimination; promoting equal treatment regardless of differences.

Example

The anti-discrimination movement was groundbreaking.

B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənt

advancement

Meaning

The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement in a particular area.

Example

Technological advancement shapes the future.

B2 noun /ˌædməˈreɪʃən/

admiration

Meaning

a feeling of respect, pleasure, or approval for someone or something

Example

She felt great admiration for her teacher’s dedication.

B2 noun ˈæn.ɪk.doʊt

anecdote

Meaning

A short interesting story used in speeches or writing.

Example

A well-placed anecdote makes a speech more relatable.

B2 verb /əˈteɪn/

attain

Meaning

to achieve or reach something

Example

She worked hard to attain her goals.

B2 noun əˈsʌmp.ʃənz

assumptions

Meaning

Things that are accepted as true or certain to happen, without proof.

Example

His assumptions about the project were completely wrong.

B2 noun /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

adjustment

Meaning

a small change made to improve something or make it work better

Example

The doctor made an adjustment to the patient’s medication.

B2 noun, verb /ˈævəlæntʃ/

avalanche

Meaning

(noun) a mass of snow, ice, and rocks falling rapidly down a mountainside; a sudden overwhelming quantity; (verb) to descend like an avalanche

Example

The avalanche buried the mountain road under tons of snow.

B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənts

advancements

Meaning

The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement.

Example

Scientific advancements enhance global innovation.

B2 noun /ˈæltɪtuːd/

altitude

Meaning

the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level

Example

The airplane is flying at an altitude of 30,000 feet.

B2 adverb /ˈæŋkʃəsli/

anxiously

Meaning

in a worried, nervous, or uneasy manner; with anxious anticipation

Example

She waited anxiously for the exam results.

B2 verb əˈkwaɪər

acquire

Meaning

To gain or obtain something, especially knowledge or skills, through effort or experience.

Example

Volunteers acquire new skills through their experiences.

B2 adjective ədˈmɪn.ɪ.strə.tɪv

administrative

Meaning

Relating to the running of a business, organization, etc.; concerned with or relating to management or administration.

Example

Administrative reforms improve efficiency.

B2 noun /əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt/

acknowledgment

Meaning

the act of accepting, admitting, or recognizing something

Example

He received an acknowledgment of his application.

B2 adjective /ˈæfluənt/

affluent

Meaning

having a great deal of money; wealthy

Example

She grew up in an affluent neighborhood.

B2 noun /əˈplɔːz/

applause

Meaning

the sound of people clapping their hands to show approval or enjoyment

Example

The actor received loud applause after his performance.

B2 noun /əˈroʊmə/

aroma

Meaning

A pleasant, distinctive smell.

Example

The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the kitchen.

B2 noun əˈkɔːrd

accord

Meaning

An official agreement or treaty.

Example

The accord emphasized gradual progress.

B2 adjective /əkˈsel.ə.reɪ.tɪd/

accelerated

Meaning

Happening or developing faster than usual.

Example

The project progressed at an accelerated pace.

B2 adjective /əˈstɒnɪʃt/

astonished

Meaning

feeling very surprised or amazed

Example

She was astonished by the magician's incredible trick.

B2 noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Animation

Meaning

the technique of making inanimate objects appear to move; liveliness and enthusiasm

Example

The animation in this movie is incredibly detailed.

B2 adjective /ˈɛəri/

airy

Meaning

Spacious and well-ventilated; light and breezy.

Example

The new apartment is bright and airy.

B2 noun /əˈsɜːʃən/

assertion

Meaning

a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief

Example

Her assertion that she was right was met with silence.

B2 noun /əˈstrɒlədʒi/

astrology

Meaning

the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs

Example

She studied astrology to understand her future.

B2 preposition /əˈmɪd/

amid

Meaning

in the middle of or surrounded by something

Example

The team stayed calm amid the chaos.

B2 noun /ˈɑː.mənd/

Almond

Meaning

edible seed of the almond tree

Example

Almonds are a healthy snack rich in protein and good fats.

B2 noun /ɑːrˈkeɪd/

arcade

Meaning

a covered passage with arches along one or both sides; also a place with coin-operated games

Example

The children spent the afternoon playing games at the arcade.

B2 noun /əˈkjuːzd/

accused

Meaning

a person who has been charged with a crime

Example

The accused pleaded not guilty in court.

B2 adjective + noun ˈædvɜːrs ɪˈfekts

adverse effects

Meaning

Negative or harmful impacts that result from an action or condition.

Example

Plastic usage has adverse effects on the environment.

B2 noun /əˈkɔːrdəns/

accordance

Meaning

agreement or harmony with something; compliance with rules, laws, or wishes

Example

The policy was implemented in accordance with international law.

B2 verb /əˈsend/

ascend

Meaning

to go up or climb to a higher position; to rise

Example

The climbers will ascend the mountain at dawn.

B2 noun/verb /ɔːˈdɪʃən/

audition

Meaning

A trial performance by an actor, singer, or musician to demonstrate suitability for a role.

Example

She auditioned for the lead role in the school play.

B2 adjective /ænˈtɑːrktɪk/

antarctic

Meaning

relating to the region around the South Pole

Example

The Antarctic region is known for its extreme cold and icy landscapes.

B2 noun /əkˈsɛsəri/

accessory

Meaning

a thing which can be added to something else to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive; a person who assists in committing a crime

Example

She bought some stylish accessories for her new phone.

B2 noun /əˈvɔɪdəns/

avoidance

Meaning

the act of staying away from something; deliberate prevention of contact or confrontation

Example

Avoidance of difficult conversations can create bigger problems later.

B2 adjective + noun æmˈbɪʃəs ɪnˈdevər

ambitious endeavor

Meaning

A bold and determined attempt to achieve something challenging.

Example

Artemis is an ambitious endeavor in space exploration.

B2 adjective /əˈpiː.lɪŋ/

Appealing

Meaning

attractive; interesting; pleasing

Example

The colorful garden looks very appealing to visitors.

B2 verb ədˈhɪər

adhere

Meaning

To stick firmly to something or stay attached.

Example

Neutrons adhere to protons.

B2 noun /ˈæbi/

abbey

Meaning

A large church building or monastery where monks or nuns live, work, and worship.

Example

The old abbey on the hill attracts many tourists each year.

B2 adverb /ˈænjuəli/

annually

Meaning

once every year; yearly

Example

The company holds a general meeting annually.

B2 adjective əˈkwætɪk

aquatic

Meaning

Growing or living in or near water; of or relating to water.

Example

Aquatic species are being endangered by pollution.

B2 noun /ˈɑːftərmɑːθ/

aftermath

Meaning

the consequences or aftereffects of an event or situation, especially a disastrous one

Example

The aftermath of the earthquake was devastating.

B2 noun /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/

anthropology

Meaning

the scientific study of humans, their societies, cultures, and development

Example

She decided to major in anthropology at university.

B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

Allegation

Meaning

a claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal

Example

The allegation against him was proven false.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrkaɪvz/

abrupt

Meaning

Sudden or unexpected, often without warning.

Example

The car came to an abrupt stop in the middle of the road.

B2 noun /æs/

Ass

Meaning

a donkey; a small domesticated animal of the horse family

Example

The farmer used an ass to carry heavy loads.

B2 adverb /əˈfek.ʃən.ət.li/

Affectionately

Meaning

in a way that shows feelings of liking or love; with fondness and care

Example

She hugged her grandmother affectionately.

B2 adjective + noun əˈdæptɪv ˈfiːtʃərz

adaptive features

Meaning

Characteristics that help organisms adjust to their environment

Example

Plants' adaptive features help them grow in winter.

B2 noun ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən

adaptation

Meaning

The action or process of adapting or being adapted.

Example

Adaptation to climate change is critical for resilience.

B2 noun /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/

abbreviation

Meaning

a shortened form of a word or phrase

Example

NASA is an abbreviation for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

B2 verb /əˈraɪz/

arise

Meaning

to begin to exist or to happen

Example

Problems may arise if you don't plan ahead.

B2 adverb /əˈbrʌptli/

Abruptly

Meaning

suddenly and unexpectedly; without warning

Example

The meeting ended abruptly when the power went out.

B2 noun əˈmendmənt

amendment

Meaning

A minor change in a document.

Example

The amendment was not supported.

B2 noun /ˈeɪlmənt/

ailment

Meaning

An illness, typically a minor one.

Example

He went to the doctor for a minor stomach ailment.

B2 adjective /əˈdʒeɪsənt/

Adjacent

Meaning

পার্শ্ববর্তী; সংলগ্ন; নিকটবর্তী;

Example

The hotel is adjacent to the shopping mall.

B2 noun /ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə.dʒi/

archeology

Meaning

the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures

Example

She decided to study archeology to learn about ancient civilizations.

B2 adverb /ˈæktɪvli/

actively

Meaning

in a way that involves energetic participation or effort

Example

He is actively involved in community service.

B2 adjective /ˌærəˈmætɪk/

aromatic

Meaning

Having a pleasant and distinctive smell.

Example

The chef used aromatic herbs to flavor the dish.

B2 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstər/

administer

Meaning

to manage or control the running of; to give or apply medicine or treatment

Example

The nurse will administer the vaccine to all patients.

B2 noun /ˈeɪkər/

acre

Meaning

a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (about 4,047 square meters)

Example

The farmer owns five acres of fertile land.

B2 verb /ˈæləkeɪt/

allocate

Meaning

to distribute or assign resources, duties, or responsibilities for a specific purpose

Example

The manager allocated funds for the new project.

B2 noun /ɔː/

awe

Meaning

a feeling of deep respect mixed with fear or wonder

Example

The children looked at the fireworks in awe.

B2 noun /əˈpɒstrəfi/

apostrophe

Meaning

A punctuation mark (') used to indicate possession or the omission of letters or numbers.

Example

You need an apostrophe in the word 'children’s'.

B2 noun /ɑːrtʃ/

arch

Meaning

a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight above it

Example

The ancient arch still stands in the city center.

B2 verb /əˈweɪt/

await

Meaning

to wait for someone or something; to expect

Example

We await your response with great anticipation.

B2 noun /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

autonomous vehicles

Meaning

Vehicles that can operate and move without human intervention or control.

Example

Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing the future of transport.

B2 adjective /ˌɑːrkɪˈtɛktʃərəl/

architectural

Meaning

relating to the design and style of buildings and structures

Example

The city is known for its beautiful architectural designs.

B2 noun /ˈænsestri/

ancestry

Meaning

one’s family origins or lineage

Example

He is proud of his royal ancestry.

B2 adjective /ænˈdʒelɪk/

angelic

Meaning

Like or characteristic of an angel; pure, kind, or innocent.

Example

The child had an angelic smile.

B2 noun /əˈsʌmpʃən/

Assumption

Meaning

a thing that is accepted as true without proof; a supposition

Example

His assumption about the weather proved to be wrong.

B2 noun ˈæmbɪəns

ambience

Meaning

The character and atmosphere of a place.

Example

The restaurant's ambience was relaxed and inviting, perfect for a casual dinner.

B2 noun /əˈmɛnəti/

amenity

Meaning

a useful or pleasant facility or feature of a place

Example

The apartment has every amenity needed for comfortable living.

B2 adjective /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

Advantageous

Meaning

beneficial; favorable; profitable

Example

This position offers advantageous opportunities for career growth.

B2 noun ˈæsɪd reɪn

acid rain

Meaning

Rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, especially from industrial emissions.

Example

Acid rain damages crops and buildings.