Vocabulary Cards
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B2 adjective
Refined
утончённый; очищенный
Meaning
elegant and cultured in appearance, manner, or taste; purified
Example
She has very refined taste in art and music.
C1 noun
refinement
рафинирование
Meaning
The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.
Example
His manners showed a refinement that made him stand out in any crowd.
C1 noun
refinery
нефтехимический завод
Meaning
an industrial facility where raw materials are processed and purified
Example
The oil refinery processes thousands of barrels daily.
B1 verb
reflect
отражать
Meaning
to think deeply about; to mirror back light or image
Example
The mirror reflects her beautiful face.
C2 adjective
reflectible
отражаемый
Meaning
capable of being reflected, as light or an image
Example
The surface of the lake is highly reflectible in the morning sun.
B1 noun
reflection
рефлексия
Meaning
Serious thought or consideration about something.
Example
The reflection of the past filled his heart with sadness.
B2 adjective
Reflective
задумчивый; рефлексивный; способный отражать свет или изображения
Meaning
thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images
Example
After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.
C1 noun
reflector
рефлектор
Meaning
A surface or device that reflects light, heat, or sound, often used to direct beams or improve visibility.
Example
The cyclist attached a red reflector to the back of his bike for safety.
C1 adjective
Reflex
рефлекс
Meaning
an action performed without conscious thought; relating to reflection
Example
The doctor tested her reflex response by tapping her knee.
C2 adjective
reflexible
рефлексируемый
Meaning
Capable of being reflected or bent back.
Example
The surface was highly reflexible, bouncing light in different directions.
C1 adjective
Reflexive
рефлексивный; самоанализ
Meaning
directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself
Example
She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.
B2 noun
reforestation
лесовосстановление
Meaning
The natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted.
Example
Reforestation efforts are crucial to restoring ecosystems.
B2 noun/verb
reform
реформа
Meaning
Make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.
Example
Reform in the education system was a priority.
B2 noun
Reformer
реформатор
Meaning
a person who works to bring about positive changes in society or institutions
Example
The social reformer dedicated her life to improving education for all children.
C2 verb
refract
рефрактировать
Meaning
To bend light, sound, or heat as it passes through a medium.
Example
The water refracts light, making the straw look bent.
C2 noun
refraction
рефракция
Meaning
The bending of light, sound, or other waves when they pass from one medium to another of different density.
Example
The refraction of light in water makes objects appear bent.
C2 noun
refractor
рефрактор
Meaning
A type of telescope that uses lenses to focus light.
Example
Refractor telescopes use lenses to focus light.
C2 adjective
refractory
непослушный
Meaning
Stubborn or resistant to control, authority, or treatment.
Example
The refractory child refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
C2 adjective
refragable
опровержимый
Meaning
Capable of being refuted or disproved.
Example
His argument was weak and easily refragable.
B2 verb
refrain
воздерживаться
Meaning
To hold oneself back from doing something.
Example
Please refrain from smoking in this area.
B2 verb
refresh
освежить
Meaning
to make fresh again; to restore energy
Example
A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.
B2 adjective
Refreshing
освежающий
Meaning
making one feel energized and renewed; pleasantly new or different
Example
The cool breeze was refreshing after the hot day.
B2 noun
Refreshment
освежение
Meaning
food and drink that is served as a light meal; something that refreshes
Example
We served light refreshments after the meeting.
A2 noun
Refrigerator
холодильник
Meaning
an appliance for keeping food and drinks cold
Example
Please put the milk in the refrigerator to keep it fresh.