spawn
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C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

порождать
Meaning
to produce or generate, often in large numbers
Example
The video game has spawned many sequels.
Видеоигра породила много продолжений.
C1 noun /ˌsɪmbɪˈəʊsɪs/

symbiosis

симбиотическое отношение
Meaning
A mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.
Example
The symbiosis between the two companies led to mutual growth.
Симбиоз между двумя компаниями привел к взаимному росту.
C1 noun /səˈnɑːtə/

sonata

музыкальная композиция (соната)
Meaning
A musical composition for one or more instruments, typically in several movements.
Example
She performed a beautiful Beethoven sonata on the piano.
Она исполнила прекрасную сонату Бетховена на пианино.
C1 adjective /ˈsæljʊˌtɛri/

salutary

полезный
Meaning
Producing good effects; beneficial, especially after something unpleasant.
Example
The accident was a salutary reminder to drive carefully.
Авария стала полезным напоминанием о том, чтобы водить осторожно.
C1 noun /ʃraɪn/

Shrine

святилище; храм; священное место
Meaning
a holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, or saint
Example
Pilgrims visit the shrine to pray for good health.
Паломники посещают святилище, чтобы помолиться о здоровье.
C1 noun /ˈspaɪər/

spire

шпиль
Meaning
a tall, pointed structure on top of a building, especially a church
Example
The church spire could be seen from miles away.
Церковный шпиль был виден издалека.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

рыба Роху
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
Рыба Роху обычно готовится с пряностями в бенгальских домах.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

стипендия
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
Исследовательский студент получает ежемесячную стипендию на расходы на жизнь.
C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

питание или поддержка
Meaning
Food or support necessary for sustaining life
Example
Water is essential for human sustenance.
Вода необходима для человеческого существования.
C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

подбрасывать, бросать
Meaning
to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly
Example
He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.
Он повесил сумку через плечо перед тем, как уйти.
C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

выходить
Meaning
To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.
Example
Several states threatened to secede from the union.
Несколько штатов угрожали выйти из союза.
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

самодовольство
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
Он зашел в комнату, как будто был владельцем этого места.
C1 noun /sɪlt/

silt

ил
Meaning
Fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
Example
The river deposited layers of silt along its banks.
Река отложила слои ила вдоль своих берегов.
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

симметрия
Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
Симметрия здания произвела впечатление на посетителей.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

жадный
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
Он слишком жадный, чтобы купить подарок для своего друга.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

устойчивые практики
Meaning
Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
Example
Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.
Устойчивые практики необходимы для охраны окружающей среды.
C1 noun /sɪˈsɛʃən/

secession

сецессия
Meaning
The action of formally withdrawing from membership of a federation or body.
Example
The secession of the southern states led to the Civil War.
Сецессия южных штатов привела к Гражданской войне.
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

проникновение соли
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
Проникновение соли влияет на прибрежные регионы.
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

спасти
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
Им удалось спасти некоторые товары из огня.
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

всплеск
Meaning
a large number of things occurring in quick succession
Example
There has been a spate of robberies in the city.
В городе был всплеск краж.
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

обжигать
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
Огонь обжёг стены здания.
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

короткий и толстый
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
Короткая толстая собачка радостно виляла хвостом.
C1 verb /ˈskʌr.i/

scurry

бежать быстро
Meaning
To move quickly with short, hurried steps.
Example
The mice scurried across the kitchen floor when the lights turned on.
Мыши быстро бегали по кухонному полу, когда включились огни.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌpl/

supple

гибкий
Meaning
Easily bending or moving without breaking; flexible and adaptable.
Example
The gymnast’s body was remarkably supple.
Тело гимнастки было удивительно гибким.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌltri/

sultry

жаркий и влажный, привлекательный
Meaning
Uncomfortably hot and humid; also describes someone attractive in a passionate or sensual way.
Example
The sultry weather made it hard to focus on work.
Жаркая и влажная погода затрудняла сосредоточение на работе.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

стая рыб
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
Мы видели стаю рыб у берега.
C1 noun /skwɔːl/

squall

штормовой порыв
Meaning
a sudden violent gust of wind, often accompanied by rain, snow, or sleet
Example
A sudden squall caught the sailors off guard.
Внезапный штормовой порыв застал моряков врасплох.
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

ползти
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
Змея поползла через траву.
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

саботёр
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
Саботёр был арестован до того, как он успел установить бомбу.
C1 noun /ˈsʌnˌdaʊn/

sundown

закат солнца
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
Example
We planned to reach the village before sundown.
Мы планировали добраться до деревни до заката солнца.
C1 adjective /sɪər/

Sear

высушенный; сгоревший; увядший
Meaning
withered; dried up; burned or scorched
Example
The sear leaves fell from the trees in autumn.
Оставшиеся сухие листья упали с деревьев осенью.
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

избегать
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
Он избегает публичного внимания и предпочитает приватность.
C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

солнцестояние
Meaning
the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)
Example
People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.
Люди празднуют летнее солнцестояние с фестивалями и ритуалами.
C1 adjective ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl

subliminal

существующий или действующий ниже порога сознания, воспринимаемый или влияющий на чей-то ум без его ведома
Meaning
Existing or operating below the threshold of consciousness; perceived by or affecting someone's mind without their being aware of it.
Example
Advertisements often have subliminal messages.
Реклама часто содержит подсознательные сообщения.
C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

преодолеть
Meaning
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
Example
He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.
Он преодолел все трудности, чтобы осуществить свою мечту.
C1 verb /səˈkʌm/

succumb

Meaning
To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.
Example
He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

самообладание
Meaning
The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.
Example
His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.
Его самообладание во время кризиса было замечательным.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪltɪd/

stilted

искусственный, натянутый
Meaning
Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.
Example
His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed.
Его речь звучала натянуто и заученно.
C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

Сьерра Клуб
Meaning
An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.
Example
John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.
Джон Мьюир основал Сьерра Клуб в 1892 году для защиты дикой природы.
C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

стоицизм
Meaning
The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.
Example
His stoicism during hardship was admirable.
Его стоицизм в трудные времена был восхитителен.
C1 verb /ˈseɪ.vər/

savor

наслаждаться
Meaning
To enjoy something completely, especially by dwelling on it.
Example
He savored every bite of the delicious cake.
Он наслаждался каждым куском вкусного торта.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəl/

sensual

чувственный
Meaning
Relating to or involving gratification of the senses and physical pleasure.
Example
The painting had a sensual quality that captivated viewers.
Картина имела чувственную атмосферу, которая захватывала зрителей.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

синтезировать, объединять, представлять логично
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
Он преуспевает в синтезе идей из разных источников.
C1 verb /sɪˈkluːd/

seclude

изолировать
Meaning
To keep someone away from other people; to isolate.
Example
The monk chose to seclude himself in the mountains.
Монах выбрал изолироваться в горах.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

чешуйчатый
Meaning
covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales
Example
The fish has scaly skin.
У рыбы чешуйчатая кожа.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

скудный
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Было очень мало доказательств, чтобы поддержать его утверждение.
C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

сланец
Meaning
a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers
Example
The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.
Регион богат сланцем и месторождениями природного газа.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

насыщение
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
Насыщение рынка похожими продуктами снизило продажи.
C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

сахарные конфеты
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
Дети наслаждались едой разноцветных сахарных конфет на фестивале.
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪn.ləs/

Spineless

бесхарактерный; слабовольный; трусливый
Meaning
lacking courage or determination; weak-willed
Example
He was too spineless to stand up for his beliefs.
Он был слишком безхарактерен, чтобы отстоять свои убеждения.
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

утешение
Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
Она нашла утешение в музыке после своей утраты.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

слепой; без зрения
Meaning
unable to see; blind; lacking vision
Example
The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.
Слепой человек шел по улице с помощью своей собаки-проводника.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

тереть / искать тщательно
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Она вычистила кухню до блеска.
C1 noun/verb /sleɪt/

slate

сланец / планировать
Meaning
a fine-grained rock used for roofing or writing; to schedule or designate for a task
Example
The meeting is slated for next Monday.
Встреча назначена на следующий понедельник.
C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

вонь
Meaning
A very strong and unpleasant smell.
Example
The stench of garbage filled the alley.
Запах мусора заполнил переулок.
C1 noun /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/

serendipity

серендипити
Meaning
The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Finding that old photo album was pure serendipity.
Найти тот старый фотоальбом было чистой серендипити.
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

соленость, концентрация соли
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
Соленость океана варьируется в зависимости от глубины и местоположения.
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

симулировать
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
Пилот должен был смоделировать экстренную посадку во время тренировки.
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

прорастать
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
Семена начали прорастать после нескольких дней дождя.
C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

низкий, грязный или низкого качества
Meaning
morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality
Example
He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.
Он избегал этот убогий ночной клуб в центре города.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛr.aɪl/

sterile

стерильный
Meaning
Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; incapable of producing offspring.
Example
The surgeon worked in a sterile environment to avoid infection.
Хирург работал в стерильной обстановке, чтобы избежать инфекции.
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

рабский
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
Его рабская преданность традиции предотвратила любые инновации.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

пригодный
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
Старый велосипед все еще пригоден к использованию, несмотря на свой возраст.
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

пористый
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
Пирог имел легкую и пористую текстуру.
C1 /skwɒt/

squat

приседать
Meaning
to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground
Example
He squatted down to tie his shoes.
Он присел, чтобы завязать шнурки.
C1 adjective /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

sanguine

оптимистичный
Meaning
Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the future.
Несмотря на трудности, она оставалась оптимистичной насчет будущего.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

сезонный
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
Сезонный дождь помог фермерам с их урожаем.
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

стагнация
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
Высокий уровень безработицы привел к экономической стагнации.
C1 noun /ˌstætʃuˈɛt/

statuette

маленькая статуэтка
Meaning
A small statue, usually decorative or artistic.
Example
The artist won a gold statuette for his work.
Художник выиграл золотую маленькую статуэтку за свою работу.
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

скептик
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
Ученый был скептически настроен к теориям без твердых доказательств.
C1 adjective/noun /ˈsʌkjələnt/

succulent

сочный
Meaning
Juicy or full of juice; also refers to a plant with thick, fleshy leaves adapted to storing water.
Example
The steak was so succulent that everyone enjoyed it.
Стейк был настолько сочным, что всем он понравился.
C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

ухажёр
Meaning
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
Example
She had many suitors vying for her attention.
У неё было много ухажёров, борющихся за её внимание.
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

серп
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
Фермер собрал пшеницу с помощью традиционного серпа.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

восприимчивость
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
Высокая восприимчивость к инфекциям требует дополнительного ухода.
C1 verb /smɜrk/

smirk

ухмылка самодовольства
Meaning
to smile in a self-satisfied, smug, or silly way
Example
He smirked when he won the argument.
Он ухмыльнулся, когда выиграл спор.
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

пренебрегать
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
Он почувствовал обиду, когда его приглашение было пренебрежено.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒnɪk/

sonic

звуковой
Meaning
Relating to or involving sound waves or speed of sound.
Example
The jet created a loud boom when it broke the sonic barrier.
Самолет создал громкий звук, когда он преодолел звуковой барьер.
C1 noun /ˈstreɪnər/

Strainer

сито
Meaning
a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid
Example
Use a strainer to drain the pasta water.
Используйте сито, чтобы слить воду с пасты.
C1 adjective /seɪdʒ/

Sage

мудрый; благоразумный; имеющий хороший judgment
Meaning
wise; showing wisdom from experience; prudent; having good judgment
Example
The sage advice from the elder helped solve the problem.
Мудрый совет старшего помог решить проблему.
C1 noun /sleɪ/

sleigh

сани
Meaning
A vehicle pulled by horses or reindeer over snow or ice.
Example
Children were excited to ride in the sleigh through the snowy village.
Дети были взволнованы, катаясь на санях по заснеженной деревне.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

блокировать
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
Свидетель пытался заблокировать процесс во время расследования.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

пространственный
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
Учёный изучал пространственное расположение звёзд.
C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

опухший
Meaning
Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation
Example
Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.
Ее лодыжка была опухшей после того, как она подвернула ее во время похода.
C1 noun /sɔɪl ˈmæn.ɪdʒ.mənt/

soil management

управление почвой
Meaning
The application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance.
Example
Proper soil management improves long-term agricultural productivity.
Правильное управление почвой улучшает долгосрочную сельскохозяйственную продуктивность.
C1 noun /stɑːr fruːts/

Star Fruits

звездные фрукты
Meaning
yellow tropical fruits that form a star shape when sliced crosswise; tangy and crisp taste
Example
When you slice star fruits, they look like beautiful yellow stars on your plate.
Когда вы нарезаете звездные фрукты, они выглядят как красивые желтые звезды на вашей тарелке.
C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

монета
Meaning
money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit
Example
The transaction was made in specie.
Транзакция была проведена монетами.
C1 verb /splaɪs/

splice

соединять
Meaning
to join two pieces of rope, film, or other material by weaving or attaching them together
Example
The technician spliced the two wires to restore the connection.
Техник соединил два провода, чтобы восстановить соединение.
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

строфа
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
Стихотворение начинается с строфы, описывающей природу.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

стигма
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
В некоторых обществах до сих пор существует стигма, связанная с проблемами психического здоровья.
C1 adjective /ʃrɪl/

shrill

резкий звук
Meaning
High-pitched and piercing in sound.
Example
The shrill whistle startled everyone in the room.
Резкий свист напугал всех в комнате.
C1 noun /stents/

stents

стенты
Meaning
Small mesh tubes used to treat narrow or blocked arteries.
Example
Stents were successfully placed using robotic techniques.
Стенты были успешно установлены с использованием роботизированных технологий.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌmpʃəs/

scrumptious

вкусный
Meaning
extremely tasty or delicious
Example
She baked a scrumptious chocolate cake for the party.
Она испекла вкусный шоколадный торт для вечеринки.
C1 noun /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

supposition

предположение
Meaning
An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.
Example
His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.
Его план был основан на предположении, что рынок быстро восстановится.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪlaɪn/

Saline

соленый; связанный с соленой водой
Meaning
containing salt; salty; relating to salt water
Example
The saline solution is used for medical treatments.
Солевой раствор используется для медицинских процедур.
C1 adjective /spəˈrædɪk/

sporadic

спорадический
Meaning
Occurring irregularly or in scattered instances rather than continuously.
Example
The region experienced sporadic rain showers throughout the week.
Регион испытал спорадические дожди в течение недели.
C1 noun /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/

stimulant

стимулянт
Meaning
A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
Example
Coffee is a common stimulant that helps people stay awake.
Кофе - это обычный стимулянт, который помогает людям оставаться бодрыми
C1 noun /ˈskrɪmɪdʒ/

scrimmage

тренировочная игра
Meaning
A practice game or informal match, often in sports, especially football.
Example
The team had a scrimmage before the official season started.
Команда провела тренировочную игру перед началом официального сезона.
C1 adjective /ˈstrætɪfaɪd/

stratified

Meaning
arranged or classified in layers or strata
Example
Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth.
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

малый по размеру или количеству; недостаточный; едва достаточный
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
В лагере беженцев было мало продовольствия.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

самоутверждение
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
Ежедневное самоутверждение может повысить вашу уверенность в себе.
C1 verb/noun /snɑːrl/

snarl

рычание, пробка
Meaning
to growl aggressively with bared teeth; a tangle or mess
Example
The dog snarled at the stranger near the gate.
Собака зарычала на незнакомца возле ворот.
C1 verb /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

substantiate

доказывать
Meaning
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Example
The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.
Юрист работал, чтобы подтвердить эти претензии с помощью твердых доказательств.
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

укрепить
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
Компания укрепила свою позицию на рынке.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/

sterling

британская валюта / отличного качества
Meaning
British money, especially pounds; of excellent quality.
Example
She was praised for her sterling work on the project.
Ее похвалили за отличную работу над проектом.
C1 verb /spɜːr/

spur

побуждать / мотивировать
Meaning
To encourage or motivate someone to take action.
Example
The teacher's praise spurred him to study harder.
Похвала учителя побудила его учиться усерднее.
C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

изолировать, прятать
Meaning
To isolate or hide away.
Example
The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.
Углерод, захваченный деревьями, может быть изолирован на годы.
C1 adjective /səkˈsɪŋkt/

succinct

краткий
Meaning
Briefly and clearly expressed; characterized by clear, precise expression in few words.
Example
His speech was succinct and impactful.
Его речь была краткой и впечатляющей.
C1 adjective /stiːpt/

steeped

пропитанный
Meaning
Completely surrounded by or filled with a particular quality, influence, or experience.
Example
The town is steeped in history and tradition.
Город пропитан историей и традициями.
C1 noun /ʃruː/

shrew

вредная женщина / маленькое животное, похожее на мышь
Meaning
a small mouse-like animal; also a woman with a bad temper
Example
The play describes a strong-willed woman as a shrew.
Пьеса описывает решительную женщину как вредную женщину.
C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

устойчивая технология
Meaning
Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
Example
Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.
Устойчивая технология обеспечивает более чистое будущее.
C1 adjective /ˈsted.fæst/

Steadfast

непоколебимый; стойкий; решительный
Meaning
firm in belief, determination, or adherence; unwavering
Example
She remained steadfast in her commitment to helping the poor.
Она оставалась непоколебимой в своем стремлении помочь бедным.
C1 verb /ˈsɪn.θə.saɪz/

synthesize

синтезировать
Meaning
To combine a number of things into a coherent whole.
Example
Scientists synthesize new compounds for medical research.
Учёные синтезируют новые соединения для медицинских исследований.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

стратосфера
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
Стратосфера обеспечивает уникальную среду.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪmi/

stymie

помешать
Meaning
to prevent or hinder the progress of something
Example
The new regulations could stymie small businesses.
Новые правила могут помешать малым бизнесам.
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

уклоняться
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
Политик попытался уклониться от сложного вопроса.
C1 noun /ˈsɪndɪkət/

syndicate

синдикат
Meaning
A group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest or carry out a business venture.
Example
A syndicate of investors bought the struggling company.
Синдикат инвесторов купил struggling компанию.
C1 verb /skwiːl/

squeal

вскрикнуть
Meaning
to make a high-pitched cry; to inform on someone
Example
The children squealed with delight when they saw the surprise.
Дети вскрикнули от радости, когда они увидели сюрприз.
C1 noun ˈsæŋktɪti

sanctity

святость
Meaning
The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.
Example
The sanctity of life should never be compromised.
Святость жизни никогда не должна быть скомпрометирована.
C1 noun/verb /stæmˈpiːd/

stampede

паника
Meaning
A sudden, uncontrolled rush of people or animals; to cause a mass movement.
Example
The loud noise caused a stampede of the crowd.
Громкий звук вызвал панику в толпе.