B2 noun /ˌoʊ.vɚˈkraʊ.dɪŋ/

overcrowding

чрезмерное скопление людей

Meaning

Excessive crowd or packed condition, having more people or vehicles in a place than the approved capacity.

Example

The subway system suffers from severe overcrowding during peak hours.

Метро страдает от серьезного переполнения в часы пик.

B2 adjective /ˈɔɪl.i/

Oily

масляный; покрытый маслом; жирный

Meaning

covered with oil; containing oil; greasy

Example

Her oily skin needs special care.

Её масляная кожа требует особого ухода.

B2 verb /ɒpt/

opt

выбирать

Meaning

to choose or decide to do something instead of something else

Example

Many students opt to study abroad for better opportunities.

Многие студенты выбирают учёбу за границей ради лучших возможностей.

B2 noun /ˈoʊ.vər ɡroʊθ/

Over growth

чрезмерный рост

Meaning

excessive growth beyond normal size; too much development or expansion

Example

The overgrowth of weeds made the garden look untidy.

Заросли сорняков сделали сад неопрятным.

B2 adverb /ˈəʊvəli/

overly

чрезмерно

Meaning

to an excessive degree or extent

Example

She was overly concerned about the results.

Она была чрезмерно обеспокоена результатами.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/

outbreak

вспышка

Meaning

a sudden start or occurrence of something unpleasant, like disease or violence

Example

There was an outbreak of flu in the city.

В городе произошла вспышка гриппа.

B2 adjective /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl/

optimal

оптимальный, наиболее подходящий

Meaning

Best or most favorable; the most effective under particular conditions.

Example

The optimal temperature for plant growth is around 25°C.

Оптимальная температура для роста растений составляет около 25°C.

B2 verb /əˈpoʊz/

oppose

опротестовать

Meaning

to disagree with or resist; to act against

Example

Many citizens oppose the new tax policy.

Многие граждане против новой налоговой политики.

B2 noun /əbˈsɛʃən/

obsession

одержимость

Meaning

An idea, thought, or concern that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind.

Example

His obsession with success drove him to work day and night.

Его одержимость успехом заставляла его работать день и ночь.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/

outskirts

периферия города

Meaning

The outer parts of a town or city, away from the center.

Example

They moved to the outskirts of the city for a quieter life.

Они переехали на окраины города, чтобы жить спокойнее.

B2 noun /ˈɒt.ər/

Otter

выдра

Meaning

a mammal with webbed feet that lives near water and feeds on fish

Example

The playful otter swam gracefully in the river.

Игривая выдра плавала грациозно в реке.

B2 verb /əˈfend/

offend

оскорблять

Meaning

to cause displeasure or resentment; to hurt someone's feelings

Example

His rude comments offended many people at the meeting.

Его грубые комментарии оскорбили многих людей на встрече.

B2 noun /ˈɔr.fən/

Orphan

сирота

Meaning

a child whose parents are dead; someone without protective support

Example

The orphan was adopted by a loving family.

Сирота был усыновлён любящей семьёй.

B2 noun ˈoʊzoʊn dɪˈpliʃən

ozone depletion

истощение озона

Meaning

The reduction in the amount of ozone in the Earth's stratosphere, leading to increased UV radiation.

Example

Ozone depletion increases UV radiation.

Исчерпание озона увеличивает ультрафиолетовое излучение.

B2 noun /ˈoʊ.dər/

Odour

запах

Meaning

a distinctive smell, especially an unpleasant one

Example

The odour of fresh bread filled the kitchen.

Запах свежего хлеба наполнил кухню.

B2 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ/

overwhelming

поражающий

Meaning

Very intense; overpowering.

Example

Large tasks can feel overwhelming.

Большие задачи могут казаться поражающими.

B2 verb /ˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

occupy

занимать

Meaning

to take up space or time; to live or work in a place

Example

The new family will occupy the house next month.

Новая семья займёт дом в следующем месяце.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈpeɪ/

overpay

переплатить

Meaning

To pay more than is necessary or reasonable.

Example

She realized she had overpaid for the concert tickets.

Она поняла, что переплатила за билеты на концерт.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈtɜrn/

overturn

перевернуть / отменить решение

Meaning

to turn something upside down or to reverse a decision or judgment

Example

The court decided to overturn the previous ruling.

Суд решил отменить предыдущее решение.

B2 noun /wʌn θɜːd/

one-third

одна треть

Meaning

one part of something that is divided into three equal parts

Example

One-third of the class was absent today.

Одна треть класса была сегодня отсутствует.

B2 noun/verb /ˌoʊvərˈlæp/

overlap

пересечение

Meaning

To extend over and cover partly; an area where things coincide.

Example

The two meetings overlap by an hour.

Две встречи перекрываются на час.

B2 noun /əˌrɪʒ.əˈnæl.ə.ti/

Originality

оригинальность

Meaning

the quality of being novel or unusual; the ability to think independently and creatively

Example

The artist's work showed great originality and creativity.

Работа художника показала большую оригинальность и креативность.

B2 adjective /ˌfæʃ.ənd/

Outdated

устаревший

Meaning

obsolete; no longer current

Example

This computer software is completely outdated.

Это программное обеспечение полностью устарело.

B2 noun /ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

organic farming

органическое сельское хозяйство

Meaning

Farming method that avoids synthetic chemicals and fertilizers, using natural methods instead.

Example

Organic farming improves soil health and reduces pollution.

Органическое земледелие улучшает здоровье почвы и снижает загрязнение.

B2 verb /əbˈteɪn/

obtain

получить

Meaning

to get or acquire something

Example

You need to obtain a visa before traveling abroad.

Вам нужно получить визу перед тем, как отправиться за границу.

B2 noun /ˈɔɪ.stər/

Oyster

устрица

Meaning

a type of shellfish that can be eaten and sometimes contains pearls

Example

She ordered fresh oysters at the seafood restaurant.

Она заказала свежие устрицы в ресторане морепродуктов.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtˌsɛt/

outset

начало

Meaning

the beginning or start of something

Example

From the outset, the project seemed ambitious but achievable.

С самого начала проект казался амбициозным, но достижимым.

B2 noun /ɒpˈtɪʃən/

optician

оптик

Meaning

A person who makes or sells glasses and contact lenses.

Example

The optician adjusted my new glasses to fit better.

Оптик подстроил мои новые очки так, чтобы они сидели лучше.

B2 verb /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/

originate

возникать

Meaning

to come into existence; to begin; to create or produce

Example

The tradition originated in ancient times.

Традиция возникла в древние времена.

B2 noun /ˌɔː.ri.enˈteɪ.ʃən/

orientation

ориентация

Meaning

the process of becoming familiar with a new situation or environment

Example

The company provides an orientation for all new employees.

Компания предоставляет ориентирование для всех новых сотрудников.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈiːt/

overeat

счастье

Meaning

To eat more food than the body needs.

Example

She tends to overeat when she is stressed.

Она не могла скрыть свое счастье, когда получила награду.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/

overlook

игнорировать

Meaning

to fail to notice or consider something; to have a view from above

Example

It's easy to overlook small details when you're in a hurry.

Легко не заметить мелкие детали, когда торопишься.

B2 verb /əˈblaɪdʒ/

oblige

обязывать

Meaning

to compel or require someone to do something; to help or do a favor

Example

I would be happy to oblige you with the information you need.

Я был бы рад помочь вам с необходимой информацией.

B2 noun /ˈoʊtˌmiːl/

oatmeal

овсяная каша

Meaning

A type of porridge made from ground oats, often eaten for breakfast.

Example

She eats a bowl of oatmeal every morning for breakfast.

Она ест тарелку овсяной каши каждое утро на завтрак.

B2 adjective, verb /əbˈskjʊr/

obscure

неясный

Meaning

Not clearly expressed or understood; to make something difficult to see or understand.

Example

The meaning of the poem was obscure to most readers.

Значение поэмы было непонятно большинству читателей.

B2 noun /əˈpoʊ.nənt/

Opponent

оппонент; соперник

Meaning

a person who disagrees with or resists a proposal or practice; someone who competes against another

Example

The chess player defeated his strongest opponent.

Шахматист победил своего самого сильного оппонента.

B2 noun /ˈɒfərɪŋ/

offering

предложение

Meaning

something that is given, especially as a gift or contribution

Example

The company’s latest offering is an eco-friendly car.

Последнее предложение компании - это экологически чистый автомобиль.

B2 noun /ˈɔːkɪstrə/

orchestra

оркестр

Meaning

a large group of musicians playing different instruments together

Example

The orchestra performed beautifully at the concert.

Оркестр прекрасно выступил на концерте.

B2 adverb /ˌoʊvərˈnaɪt/

Overnight

за ночь; внезапно; очень быстро

Meaning

during the night; suddenly; very quickly

Example

The city was transformed overnight.

Город был преобразован за ночь.

B2 noun /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzər/

organizer

организатор

Meaning

a person who arranges or coordinates activities, events, or groups; a tool or item used to keep things in order

Example

She worked as the main organizer of the international conference.

Она была главным организатором международной конференции.

B2 adjective /əˈpəʊzd/

opposed

противоположный

Meaning

being against or in disagreement with something

Example

She is strongly opposed to animal testing.

Она решительно против испытаний на животных.

B2 noun /ˌɑb.lɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

Obligation

обязанность

Meaning

a duty or commitment; something that must be done legally or morally

Example

Parents have an obligation to care for their children.

Родители обязаны заботиться о своих детях.

B2 noun /əbˈzɜːvər/

observer

наблюдатель

Meaning

a person who watches or notices something

Example

The observer took notes during the meeting.

Наблюдатель сделал заметки во время встречи.

B2 adverb /ˈoʊpənli/

Openly

открыто; публично

Meaning

in a frank and honest way; without concealment; publicly

Example

She spoke openly about her struggles with mental health.

Она откровенно говорила о своих проблемах с психическим здоровьем.

B2 noun /ˈaʊt.kʌm/

Outcome

результат; последствие;

Meaning

the result or consequence of an action or situation; the final product

Example

The outcome of the election surprised everyone.

Результат выборов удивил всех.

B2 noun /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/

organism

организм

Meaning

a living thing that has an organized structure and can grow and reproduce

Example

Every organism needs water to survive.

Каждому организму нужна вода для выживания.

B2 adjective /ˈɒnɡəʊɪŋ/

ongoing

в процессе

Meaning

continuing; still in progress

Example

The ongoing project will finish next month.

Текущий проект будет завершён в следующем месяце.

B2 adverb /ˈaʊtraɪt/

Outright

прямо; полностью; без всяких оговорок

Meaning

completely; directly; without reservation or concealment

Example

She rejected the proposal outright.

Она отклонила предложение прямо.

B2 noun ˈəʊ.və.hed

overhead

накладные расходы

Meaning

Ongoing business expenses not directly attributable to creating a product or service.

Example

The company reduced its overhead to increase profits.

Компания сократила накладные расходы, чтобы увеличить прибыль.

B2 adverb /əˈfɪʃəli/

officially

официально

Meaning

in a formal or authorized way

Example

The building was officially opened by the mayor.

Здание было официально открыто мэром.

B2 adjective ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk

organic

органический

Meaning

Produced or involving production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial agents.

Example

Organic farming improves soil health and reduces pollution.

Органическое сельское хозяйство улучшает здоровье почвы и снижает загрязнение.

B2 adjective /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/

outstanding

выдающийся

Meaning

extremely good or impressive; not yet resolved or paid

Example

She received an award for her outstanding performance.

Она получила награду за свою выдающуюся работу.

B2 adverb /ˈɒdli/

oddly

странно

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; unexpectedly

Example

Oddly, he didn’t seem upset by the bad news.

Странно, но его не расстроила плохая новость.

B2 noun /ˈɒpəreɪtər/

operator

оператор

Meaning

a person who operates equipment, a business, or controls something

Example

The machine operator ensured that everything ran smoothly.

Оператор машины обеспечил, чтобы всё работало гладко.

B2 adjective /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənəl/

organizational

организационный

Meaning

relating to the structure or arrangement of a company or group

Example

He works on improving the organizational structure of the company.

Он работает над улучшением организационной структуры компании.

B2 noun /ɔːˈræŋ.ʊˌtæŋ/

Orang-Outang

орангутан

Meaning

a large arboreal ape with long reddish hair, long arms, and hooked hands and feet, native to Borneo and Sumatra

Example

The orangutan swings gracefully through the forest canopy.

Орангутан изящно качается через верхушки деревьев.

B2 noun, verb /ˈaʊtlɔː/

outlaw

изгой

Meaning

as a noun: a person who breaks the law and lives outside its protection; as a verb: to make something illegal

Example

The government decided to outlaw the harmful practice.

Правительство решило запретить вредную практику.

B2 noun /əbˈdʒek.ʃən/

Objection

возражение; протест; несогласие;

Meaning

an expression of disagreement or disapproval; a reason for disagreeing

Example

The lawyer raised an objection during the trial.

Адвокат поднял возражение во время судебного процесса.

B2 noun /ˌɒb.zəˈveɪ.ʃənz/

observations

наблюдение

Meaning

The action or process of observing something carefully.

Example

Observations of distant galaxies provide new insights.

Наблюдения за удалёнными галактиками дают новые идеи.

B2 noun ˈaʊt.pʊt

output

производство

Meaning

The amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry.

Example

Climate change reduces agricultural output.

Изменение климата снижает сельскохозяйственное производство.

B2 noun /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

ornament

украшение

Meaning

A decorative object that adds beauty to something.

Example

The Christmas tree was decorated with colorful ornaments.

Рождественская елка была украшена цветными украшениями.

B2 adjective /ˌɑːp.təˈmɪs.tɪk/

optimistic

оптимистичный

Meaning

hopeful and confident about the future

Example

She is optimistic about the success of her new project.

Она оптимистична относительно успеха своего нового проекта.

B2 verb əbˈzɜːrvd

observed

праздновать

Meaning

To celebrate or keep a religious or other festival.

Example

The day is observed annually to raise awareness.

Этот день празднуется ежегодно для повышения осведомленности.

B2 noun /ˈaʊt.breɪk/

Out-break

вспышка

Meaning

a sudden occurrence or eruption of something, especially disease or violence

Example

The outbreak of flu affected many students in the school.

Вспышка гриппа повлияла на многих учащихся в школе.

B2 adjective + noun ˈɒptɪməl ˈtempərətʃər

optimal temperature

оптимальная температура

Meaning

The best or most favorable temperature for a particular purpose

Example

Winter provides optimal temperature for farming.

Зима предоставляет оптимальную температуру для сельского хозяйства.

B2 noun /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃən/

opposition

оппозиция

Meaning

the action of opposing or resisting something

Example

The opposition to the new law was strong.

Оппозиция новому закону была сильной.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtɪŋ/

outing

поездка

Meaning

a short trip or excursion, often for leisure or enjoyment

Example

They had a lovely outing at the beach last weekend.

Они провели замечательную поездку на пляже в прошлые выходные.

B2 noun /ˈoʊvərpæs/

overpass

эстакада

Meaning

A bridge that carries one road or railway over another.

Example

The new overpass reduced traffic congestion in the city.

Новая эстакада уменьшила заторы на дорогах города.

B2 noun /ˈɑp.tə.mɪst/

Optimist

оптимист

Meaning

a person who tends to be hopeful and confident about the future; someone who sees the good side of things

Example

As an optimist, she always believed things would improve.

Как оптимист, она всегда верила, что вещи улучшатся.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtlʊk/

outlook

перспектива, прогноз

Meaning

a person's general attitude or view; a forecast or prospect

Example

The economic outlook for the year is positive.

Экономический прогноз на год положительный.

B2 noun /ˌɑb.zɚˈveɪ.ʃən/

Observation

наблюдение

Meaning

the action of watching something carefully; a comment or remark

Example

The scientist made careful observations of the experiment.

Учёный тщательно наблюдал за экспериментом.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtlet/

outlet

выход

Meaning

a means by which something is released, expressed, or distributed

Example

Art is a great outlet for emotions.

Искусство — отличный выход для эмоций.

B2 noun/verb /ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/

outrage

возмущение

Meaning

A strong feeling of anger and shock; to arouse anger or shock.

Example

The unfair decision caused public outrage.

Несправедливое решение вызвало общественное возмущение.

B2 adjective ˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən.əl

operational

оперативный

Meaning

In working order; ready for use.

Example

The space project will be operational by 2025.

Космический проект будет операционным к 2025 году.

B2 noun /oʊˈbiː.di.əns/

Obedience

послушание

Meaning

compliance with an order, request, or law; submission to authority

Example

Children should show obedience to their parents.

Дети должны показывать послушание своим родителям.

B2 noun oʊˈbiː.sə.t̬i

obesity

ожирение

Meaning

The condition of being grossly fat or overweight.

Example

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes and heart disease.

Ожирение увеличивает риск диабета и сердечных заболеваний.

B2 adjective /əˈfen.sɪv/

Offensive

оскорбительный; агрессивный; обидный

Meaning

causing displeasure or resentment; insulting; aggressive

Example

His offensive remarks hurt everyone's feelings.

Его оскорбительные замечания ранили чувства всех.

B2 adjective; verb (past participle) /ˈɒkjʊpaɪd/

occupied

занятый; оккупированный

Meaning

being in use or taken; filled or lived in; controlled or held by force

Example

The room is occupied, so please wait outside.

Комната занята, пожалуйста, подождите снаружи.

B2 noun /ˈaʊt.saɪ.dər/

Out-sider

аутсайдер

Meaning

a person who does not belong to a particular group; someone not accepted by a group

Example

As an outsider, he found it difficult to understand their traditions.

Как аутсайдер, ему было трудно понять их традиции.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈloʊd/

overload

перегружать

Meaning

to load with too much weight or cargo; to give too much work or information

Example

Don't overload the washing machine or it might break down.

Не перегружайте стиральную машину, иначе она может сломаться.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈkʌm/

overcome

преодолеть

Meaning

To succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty.

Example

You can overcome procrastination with planning.

Вы можете преодолеть прокрастинацию с помощью планирования.

B2 adjective /ˈɔː.də.li/

Orderly

упорядоченный; систематичный; мирный

Meaning

well-organized; systematic; peaceful

Example

Please keep your desk orderly and clean.

Пожалуйста, держите свой стол в порядке и чистоте.

B2 noun ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk fuːdz

organic foods

органические продукты

Meaning

Food produced without the use of chemicals such as artificial pesticides, fertilizers, or other artificial agents.

Example

Organic foods are healthier than processed foods.

Органические продукты полезнее, чем переработанные продукты.

B2 noun /əˈfɛns/

offense

преступление

Meaning

an illegal act; a crime

Example

The offense was committed in broad daylight.

Преступление было совершено при свете дня.

B2 verb /oʊˈmɪt/

omit

опускать

Meaning

to leave out or exclude; to fail to include something

Example

Please don't omit any important details from your report.

Пожалуйста, не упустите важные детали в своем отчете.

B2 noun /ˈɔr.fən.ɪʒ/

Orphanage

детский дом

Meaning

an institution for the care and education of children who have lost their parents

Example

The charity built a new orphanage for homeless children.

Благотворительная организация построила новый детский дом для бездомных детей.

B2 adjective /ˈɔː.rəl/

Oral

устный; относящийся к рту

Meaning

spoken rather than written; relating to the mouth

Example

The oral examination will test your speaking skills.

Устный экзамен проверит ваши навыки речи.

B2 noun ˈəʊnəʃɪp

ownership

владение

Meaning

The act, state, or right of possessing something; legal title to something.

Example

Ownership of resources was crucial.

Владение ресурсами было решающим.

B2 adjective /ˈaʊtˌɡoʊɪŋ/

outgoing

общительный

Meaning

Friendly and sociable; inclined to mix with others.

Example

He is an outgoing person who loves meeting new people.

Он общительный человек, который любит встречаться с новыми людьми.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈduː/

overdo

переусердствовать

Meaning

to do something too much; to exaggerate or carry to excess

Example

Don't overdo the exercise on your first day at the gym.

Не переусердствуй с упражнениями в первый день в спортзале.

B2 noun /ˈɒkjʊpənt/

occupant

житель

Meaning

A person who resides in or is present in a house, vehicle, seat, or place.

Example

The car had three occupants at the time of the accident.

В автомобиле было три пассажира на момент аварии.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈsiː/

oversee

наблюдать

Meaning

to supervise or watch over something; to manage and direct

Example

The manager will oversee the entire construction project.

Менеджер будет следить за всем строительным проектом.

B2 noun /əˈfens/

Offence

проступок; нарушение закона

Meaning

a breach of law or rule; an annoyance or resentment

Example

Stealing is a serious offence punishable by law.

Кража — это серьёзный проступок, подлежащий наказанию по закону.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtˌfɪt/

outfit

наряд

Meaning

A set of clothes worn together, often for a particular occasion.

Example

She wore a beautiful outfit to the party.

Она носила красивый наряд на вечеринку.

B2 noun /ˈɒp.tɪ.mɪ.zəm/

optimism

оптимизм

Meaning

Hopefulness and confidence about the future or the successful outcome of something.

Example

Her optimism helped her overcome difficult times.

Её оптимизм помог ей преодолеть трудные времена.

B2 noun /ˈaʊtbɜːrst/

outburst

внезапный всплеск эмоций или гнева

Meaning

a sudden release of strong emotion or activity

Example

She had an angry outburst during the meeting.

Она выразила свой гнев во время собрания.

B2 adjective /aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/

outrageous

возмутительный

Meaning

Shockingly bad or excessive; very unusual or amusing.

Example

The comedian told an outrageous joke.

Комик рассказал возмутительную шутку.

B2 noun /ɒdz/

odds

вероятность

Meaning

the likelihood or probability of something happening; chances for or against something

Example

The odds of winning the lottery are very low.

Шансы выиграть в лотерею очень низки.

B2 noun /ɑːks/

Ox

бык

Meaning

a large strong animal used for pulling heavy loads or plowing fields

Example

The farmer used an ox to plow the field.

Фермер использовал быка для того, чтобы вспахать поле.

B2 adjective /ˈɒp.ʃən.əl/

Optional

необязательный

Meaning

not compulsory; left to choice

Example

Wearing a tie is optional for this event.

Носить галстук не обязательно для этого мероприятия.

B2 noun /ˈɒs.trɪtʃ/

Ostrich

страус

Meaning

a large flightless bird native to Africa with long legs and neck

Example

The ostrich is the world's largest bird.

Страус - самая большая птица в мире.

B2 noun /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdə(r)/

outsider

аутсайдер

Meaning

a person who is not accepted as a member of a particular group or community

Example

As a new student, she often felt like an outsider at school.

Будучи новым студентом, она часто чувствовала себя аутсайдером в школе.

производство кислорода

Meaning

The process of generating oxygen through photosynthesis or other means.

Example

Plants are vital for oxygen production and the maintenance of life.

Растения жизненно важны для производства кислорода и поддержания жизни.