constitution
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Английский BN Бенгальский HI Хинди ES Испанский FR Французский DE Немецкий RU Русский ZH Китайский JA Японский
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B2 noun ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən

constitution

конституция
Meaning
A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is governed.
Example
Constitutional reforms ensure equity.
Конституционные реформы обеспечивают справедливость.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

дополнительный
Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
У двух партнеров есть дополнительные навыки.
B2 adjective kəˈləʊ.ni.əl

colonial

колониальный
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonialism, especially involving the control of one country by another.
Example
Colonial rule suppressed local governance.
Колониальное правление подавило местное управление.
B2 noun /kənˈdenst mɪlk/

Condensed milk

сгущенное молоко
Meaning
milk from which water has been removed and sugar added, creating a thick, sweet product
Example
The recipe calls for a can of condensed milk to make the dessert extra creamy.
Рецепт требует банку сгущенного молока, чтобы сделать десерт особенно кремовым.
B2 noun /ˈkæbɪnət/

Cabinet

шкаф
Meaning
a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storage
Example
The kitchen cabinet is full of dishes and utensils.
Кухонный шкаф полный тарелок и посуды.
B2 adjective /ˈkʌltʃəd/

cultured

культурный
Meaning
characterized by refined taste, manners, and education
Example
She is a cultured woman who loves art and literature.
Она культурная женщина, которая любит искусство и литературу.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌtɛri/

commentary

комментарий
Meaning
An expression of opinions or explanations about an event, situation, or text.
Example
The professor's commentary on the novel was insightful.
Комментарий профессора по роману был проницательным.
B2 noun /ˈkæt fɪʃ/

Cat fish

сом
Meaning
a freshwater fish with whisker-like barbels around the mouth, commonly found in ponds and rivers
Example
Catfish is often fried and served with rice in Bengali cuisine.
Сом часто жарится и подается с рисом в бенгальской кухне.
B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

Meaning
To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
The river was contaminated by industrial waste.
B2 noun /ˈtʃæpəl/

chapel

капелла
Meaning
A small church or a room used for Christian worship, often within a larger building.
Example
The couple got married in a small countryside chapel.
Пара поженилась в маленькой капелле в деревне.
B2 adjective ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

cognitive

когнитивный
Meaning
Related to mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.
Example
Cognitive functions improve with practice and learning.
Когнитивные функции улучшаются с практикой и обучением.
B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

признавать
Meaning
to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge
Example
He confessed his mistake to his teacher.
Он признался в своей ошибке своему учителю.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒnʃəs/

conscious

сознательный
Meaning
Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.
Example
She was fully conscious after the surgery.
Она была полностью в сознании после операции.
B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

преобразователь
Meaning
a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials
Example
The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.
Инженер использовал преобразователь для преобразования переменного тока в постоянный.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

cord

шнур
Meaning
a long, thin, flexible string or rope
Example
He tied the package with a strong cord.
Он связал пакет прочным шнуром.
B2 noun /ˈkɒŋɡrɛs/

congress

конгресс
Meaning
a formal meeting or assembly, especially of representatives for discussion
Example
The international congress on climate change will be held next year.
Международный конгресс по изменению климата состоится в следующем году.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːrkɪt/

circuit

круг / электрический путь
Meaning
A roughly circular line, route, or movement that starts and ends at the same place; also an electrical pathway.
Example
The runners completed the circuit around the park.
Бегуны завершили круг вокруг парка.
B2 noun /ˈkʊriər/

courier

курьер
Meaning
a person or company that delivers messages, packages, or mail
Example
The courier delivered the documents on time.
Курьер доставил документы вовремя.
B2 noun /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

continuity

непрерывность
Meaning
the state of being continuous or connected; consistency over time
Example
Maintaining continuity in leadership is essential for organizational stability.
Поддержание непрерывности в лидерстве важно для стабильности организации.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuːzi/

choosy

придирчивый
Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective
Example
She is very choosy about the clothes she wears.
Она очень придирчива к одежде, которую носит.
B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

заговор
Meaning
A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
Example
The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
Полиция раскрыла заговор по свержению правительства.
B2 noun /ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/

cargo

груз
Meaning
goods carried by a ship, plane, or other transport
Example
The ship was loaded with valuable cargo.
Корабль был загружен ценным грузом.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

твердый; реальный; осязаемый; конкретный
Meaning
solid; real; tangible; actual and specific
Example
We need concrete evidence to support our claims.
Нам нужны конкретные доказательства, чтобы поддержать наши утверждения.
B2 noun /ˈkɑn.trəˌvɜr.si/

Controversy

спор; разногласие
Meaning
prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion; a dispute or argument involving opposing viewpoints
Example
The new policy sparked a major controversy among the citizens.
Новая политика вызвала большую контроверсию среди граждан.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpæʃənət/

Compassionate

сочувствующий; сострадательный
Meaning
feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others who are suffering
Example
The compassionate nurse took extra time to comfort the worried patients.
Сострадательная медсестра выделила дополнительное время, чтобы утешить обеспокоенных пациентов.
B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

циркулярная экономика
Meaning
An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.
Example
Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.
Принятие циркулярной экономики может сократить отходы.
B2 noun kənˈtrækʃən

contraction

сужение
Meaning
The process of becoming smaller; a decrease in size or quantity.
Example
The economic contraction resulted in a rise in unemployment.
Экономическое сужение привело к росту безработицы.
B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

ошейник
Meaning
a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace
Example
She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.
Она носила элегантный жемчужный ошейник на официальном ужине.
B2 noun ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti

cybersecurity

кибербезопасность
Meaning
The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks
Example
Cybersecurity ensures safe digital operations.
Кибербезопасность обеспечивает безопасные цифровые операции.
B2 verb /kənˈvɜːs/

converse

беседовать
Meaning
to have a conversation; to talk together
Example
They conversed about literature for hours.
Они беседовали о литературе часами.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

comparable

сопоставимый
Meaning
Able to be likened to something else in size, amount, or quality.
Example
The two products are comparable in quality but differ in price.
Два продукта сопоставимы по качеству, но различаются по цене.
B2 verb /kəmˈplaɪ/

comply

соблюдать
Meaning
to act in accordance with a rule, request, or law
Example
All companies must comply with safety regulations.
Все компании должны соблюдать правила безопасности.
B2 noun /ˈkoʊ.brə/

Cobra

кобра
Meaning
a venomous snake with a hood that can be spread when threatened
Example
The cobra raised its hood and hissed at the intruder.
Кобра подняла свою капюшон и зашипела на нарушителя.
B2 noun /kənˈvɜː.ʃən/

Conversion

конверсия, изменение, преобразование
Meaning
The process of changing or causing something to change from one form to another.
Example
High website conversion rates indicate effective marketing.
Высокие коэффициенты конверсии веб-сайтов указывают на эффективный маркетинг.
B2 noun /ˈkɒn.flɪkt ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/

conflict resolution

разрешение конфликта
Meaning
The process of finding peaceful solutions to disputes or disagreements between parties.
Example
Conflict resolution is vital for global peace.
Разрешение конфликтов жизненно важно для глобального мира.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmbæt/

combat

сражаться
Meaning
to fight against something, especially to reduce or stop it
Example
The government is taking steps to combat corruption.
Правительство принимает меры для борьбы с коррупцией.
B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəli/

Continually

непрерывно; повторно
Meaning
without stopping; repeatedly
Example
She continually checked her phone for messages.
Она постоянно проверяла свой телефон на наличие сообщений.
B2 verb /kənˈfaɪn/

confine

ограничивать
Meaning
to restrict someone or something within certain limits; to keep someone in a closed space
Example
The prisoner was confined to his cell for 23 hours a day.
Заключенный был ограничен в своей камере на 23 часа в день.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmɜːs/

commerce

торговля
Meaning
the activity of buying and selling goods and services
Example
International commerce has expanded significantly in recent years.
Международная торговля значительно расширилась в последние годы.
B2 noun /ˈkɒn.ʃəs.nəs/

consciousness

осознанность
Meaning
The state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, thoughts, and surroundings.
Example
Meditation helps improve consciousness and clarity of thought.
Медитация помогает улучшить осознанность и ясность мыслей.
B2 noun /kənˈkʌʃən/

concussion

сотрясение мозга
Meaning
A temporary unconsciousness or shock caused by a blow to the head.
Example
He suffered a concussion after falling from the bike.
Он получил сотрясение мозга после того, как упал с велосипеда.
B2 noun /ˈkæriər/

carrier

перевозчик
Meaning
A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.
Example
The airline is the largest carrier in the country.
Авиакомпания является крупнейшим перевозчиком в стране.
B2 adjective /ˈkɑːmjənl/

communal

общинный
Meaning
Shared by all members of a community; for common use.
Example
The villagers worked together in the communal garden.
Жители деревни вместе работали в общинном саду.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

compulsory

обязательный
Meaning
Required by law or a rule; obligatory.
Example
Wearing seat belts is compulsory in most countries.
Ношение ремней безопасности обязательно в большинстве стран.
B2 noun ˈkɔːrəl ˈriːfs

Coral Reefs

коралловые рифы
Meaning
Underwater structures made from calcium carbonate secreted by corals, forming diverse marine ecosystems.
Example
Saint Martin's Island is known for its coral reefs.
Остров Святого Мартина известен своими коралловыми рифами.
B2 verb /kəˈlæps/

collapse

коллапсировать
Meaning
to fall down or inward suddenly; to break down completely
Example
The old building collapsed after the earthquake.
Старое здание рухнуло после землетрясения.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

хвалить
Meaning
to praise formally or officially
Example
The teacher commended the students for their hard work.
Учитель похвалил студентов за их тяжелую работу.
B2 adjective /kənˈsɪd.ər.ɪt/

Considerate

внимательный; заботливый
Meaning
showing careful thought about the feelings or wishes of others; thoughtful
Example
He is always considerate of others' feelings.
Он всегда заботится о чувствах других.
B2 verb /kəˈrɛspɒnd/

correspond

переписываться
Meaning
to communicate by exchanging letters or messages
Example
I correspond regularly with my old friends.
Я регулярно переписываюсь со своими старыми друзьями.
B2 verb /ˈkɑːŋkər/

conquer

завоевывать
Meaning
to overcome and take control of; to defeat in war; to master or overcome
Example
The army managed to conquer the enemy territory.
Армия смогла захватить вражескую территорию.
B2 noun /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

chamber

камера
Meaning
a large room used for formal or public events, or a private room.
Example
The king held meetings in his private chamber.
Царь проводил встречи в своей частной камере.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/

compelling

захватывающий
Meaning
Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerful way.
Example
She gave a compelling speech about climate change.
Она произнесла захватывающую речь о климатических изменениях.
B2 noun /ˈklʌstər/

cluster

гроздь
Meaning
a group of similar things or people positioned close together
Example
The grapes grew in a tight cluster.
Виноград вырос в плотной грозди.
B2 noun kəˈmɪʃ.ən

commission

комиссия
Meaning
An official group of people entrusted by a government with a particular function.
Example
The commission recommends constitutional reforms.
Комиссия рекомендует конституционные реформы.
B2 verb /kənˈfɔːrm/

conform

соблюдать
Meaning
To comply with rules, standards, or laws.
Example
Students must conform to the school regulations.
Студенты должны соблюдать школьные правила.
B2 noun /kʌlt/

cult

культ
Meaning
a system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object
Example
The cult followed their leader with great devotion.
Культ следовал за своим лидером с большой преданностью.
B2 verb /klɪŋ/

cling

счастье
Meaning
to hold on tightly to someone or something
Example
The child clung to his mother in fear.
Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду.
B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

соответствующий
Meaning
matching or related to something
Example
The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.
Соответствующая страница в книге объясняет процесс подробно.
B2 noun /klɔː/

Claw

коготь
Meaning
sharp curved nail on the foot of an animal or bird
Example
The cat extended its sharp claws to climb the tree.
Кошка вытянула свои острые когти, чтобы взобраться на дерево.
B2 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

complement

комплимент
Meaning
something that completes or goes well with something; to add something that enhances or improves
Example
The scarf complements her outfit perfectly.
шарф идеально дополняет ее наряд.
B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

оспаривать, конкурс
Meaning
verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute
Example
She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.
Она решила оспаривать выборы против действующего кандидата.
B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

конденсация
Meaning
The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.
Example
Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.
Конденсация образовалась на окнах в холодную ночь.
B2 verb /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnd/

comprehend

понимать
Meaning
to understand or grasp the meaning of something
Example
It is difficult to comprehend the scale of the disaster.
Трудно понять масштаб катастрофы.
B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt/

correspondent

корреспондент
Meaning
A journalist who reports news from a particular place or on a particular subject.
Example
The foreign correspondent reported live from Paris.
Иностранный корреспондент передал репортаж в прямом эфире из Парижа.
B2 noun, verb /kjuːb/

cube

куб
Meaning
As a noun: a solid object with six equal square faces. As a verb: to cut food into small square pieces.
Example
She put a sugar cube in her tea.
Она положила кубик сахара в свой чай.
B2 verb /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/

complicate

усложнять
Meaning
To make something more difficult or confusing.
Example
The new rules will only complicate the process.
Новые правила только усложнят процесс.
B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

учебный план
Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
Школа обновила свой учебный план, чтобы включить больше курсов по цифровой грамотности.
B2 verb /ˈkeɪtər/

cater

обслуживать
Meaning
To provide food, drinks, or services, usually for an event or group.
Example
The company catered the wedding reception.
Компания организовала ужин на свадебном приеме.
B2 noun /ˈkæʃuː nʌts/

Cashew nuts

кешью орехи
Meaning
kidney-shaped nuts from the cashew tree, commonly eaten as snacks or used in cooking
Example
Cashew nuts are often used in Indian sweets and curries.
Кешью орехи часто используются в индийских сладостях и карри.
B2 noun /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

capability

способность
Meaning
The ability or capacity to do something.
Example
The telescope's capability is unparalleled.
Способность телескопа беспрецедентна.
B2 noun /kəˈmɒ.dɪ.tiz/

commodities

товары
Meaning
Raw materials or primary agricultural products that can be bought and sold.
Example
The prices of commodities like oil and gold fluctuate frequently.
Цены на товары, такие как нефть и золото, часто колеблются.
B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

коллаж
Meaning
A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.
Example
She created a collage using old magazine pictures.
Она создала коллаж, используя старые фотографии из журналов.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriən/

criterion

критерий
Meaning
A standard or rule used to make a judgment or decision.
Example
Honesty is an important criterion for this job.
Честность - это важный критерий для этой работы.
B2 noun /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/

coordination

координация
Meaning
the process of organizing different elements to work together effectively
Example
The coordination between the teams was flawless.
Координация между командами была безупречной.
B2 verb /kənˈsiːv/

conceive

задумать, забеременеть
Meaning
to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant
Example
It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed.
Трудно представить, как такая идея может быть успешной.
B2 noun /kənˈsɛʃən/

concession

уступка
Meaning
something that is granted, especially in response to demands; a compromise
Example
The company made several concessions during the negotiations.
Компания сделала несколько уступок в ходе переговоров.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpækt/

Compact

компактный; маленький и эффективно спроектированный
Meaning
closely and neatly packed together; small and efficiently designed
Example
She bought a compact car that fits easily in small parking spaces.
Она купила компактный автомобиль, который легко помещается в небольшие парковочные места.
B2 noun /kɜːrl/

Curl

локон; спираль
Meaning
a piece of hair that curves or coils; something with a spiral or curved shape
Example
She had beautiful natural curls that framed her face perfectly.
У неё были красивые натуральные локоны, которые идеально обрамляли её лицо.
B2 noun /ˈkɒk.roʊtʃ/

Cockroach

таракан
Meaning
a flat brown insect that is commonly found in kitchens and other warm places
Example
A cockroach ran across the kitchen floor quickly.
Таракан быстро побежал по кухонному полу.
B2 noun /ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt/

carbohydrate

углевод
Meaning
a nutrient that provides energy, found in foods like rice, bread, and sugar
Example
Rice and potatoes are rich in carbohydrates.
Рис и картофель богаты углеводами.
B2 noun ˈkæp.ɪ.təl.ɪ.zəm

capitalism

капитализм
Meaning
An economic system where trade, industry and production are privately owned and operated for profit.
Example
Capitalism encourages innovation and competition.
Капитализм поощряет инновации и конкуренцию.
B2 noun /kənˈsɪstənsi/

consistency

последовательность, единообразие
Meaning
The quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way; uniformity.
Example
Consistency in quality is key to customer satisfaction.
Последовательность в качестве - ключ к удовлетворенности клиента.
B2 adjective ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən.əl

constitutional

конституционный
Meaning
Relating to an established set of principles governing a state; in accordance with a political constitution.
Example
Constitutional reforms ensure fairness in the system.
Конституционные реформы обеспечивают справедливость в системе.
B2 verb /kloʊð/

clothe

одевать
Meaning
to put clothes on; to dress; to provide with clothing
Example
She clothed the baby in warm garments.
Она одела ребенка в теплую одежду.
B2 verb /krʌʃ/

crush

сжать или раздавить что-то так сильно, что оно повреждается или разрушается
Meaning
to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or destroyed
Example
He accidentally crushed the paper cup in his hand.
Он случайно раздавил бумажный стаканчик в своей руке.
B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

химические отходы
Meaning
Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.
Example
Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.
Химические отходы загрязняют водоемы.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

совместимый
Meaning
Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.
Example
This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.
Это программное обеспечение совместимо с обоими системами: Windows и Mac.
B2 noun /kleɪ/

clay

глина
Meaning
a natural material made of fine earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making pottery
Example
The artist molded the wet clay into a beautiful vase.
Художник слепил из влажной глины красивую вазу.
B2 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

commonplace

обычное явление
Meaning
ordinary or unremarkable; something that is usual or commonly found
Example
Smartphones have become commonplace in modern life.
Смартфоны стали обычным явлением в современной жизни.
B2 verb /kənˈfaɪd/

confide

Meaning
To tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
He confided his worries to his best friend.
B2 noun /tʃɔːr/

chore

работа по дому
Meaning
A routine task, especially a household duty.
Example
Washing the dishes is my least favorite chore.
Мыть посуду - моя наименее любимая работа по дому.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.tən.ti/

Certainty

уверенность
Meaning
firm conviction that something is the case; the quality of being reliably true
Example
We can say with certainty that the project will be completed on time.
Мы можем с уверенностью сказать, что проект будет завершен вовремя.
B2 noun /kənˈfɛkʃəneri/

confectionery

кондитерские изделия
Meaning
sweets, candies, and other food items made with sugar
Example
The shop sells a wide variety of confectionery.
Магазин продает широкий ассортимент кондитерских изделий.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛl.əˌbreɪ.tɪd/

celebrated

знаменитый
Meaning
Widely known and praised; famous for an achievement.
Example
He is a celebrated author in the field of literature.
Он знаменитый автор в области литературы.
B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

каньон
Meaning
A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
Example
The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.
Река Колорадо вырезала Гранд-Каньон за миллионы лет.
B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən/

correlation

корреляция
Meaning
a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things
Example
Researchers found a strong correlation between diet and heart disease.
Исследователи обнаружили сильную корреляцию между диетой и сердечными заболеваниями.
B2 noun /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

classification

классификация
Meaning
the action or process of classifying something into groups based on shared characteristics.
Example
The classification of animals helps in understanding their biology.
Классификация животных помогает понять их биологию.
B2 adjective /keɪˈɒtɪk/

Chaotic

хаотичный; беспорядочный
Meaning
in a state of complete confusion and disorder
Example
The situation became chaotic after the announcement.
Ситуация стала хаотичной после объявления.
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

chord

аккорд
Meaning
A group of musical notes played or sung together; also a straight line segment joining two points on a curve.
Example
She strummed a simple chord on the guitar.
Она заиграла простой аккорд на гитаре.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

councillor

советник
Meaning
an elected member of a local council who helps make decisions and represent the community
Example
The councillor spoke to residents about improving local roads.
Советник говорил о местных дорогах.
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

ворон
Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
Ворон каркал громко с ветки дерева.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.frənˈteɪ.ʃən/

Confrontation

конфронтация
Meaning
a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties; direct challenge or opposition
Example
The confrontation between the two leaders ended without any agreement.
Конфронтация между двумя лидерами закончилась без какого-либо соглашения.
B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

коррупционный
Meaning
dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil
Example
The politician was accused of corrupt practices.
Политикам предъявили обвинения в коррупционных действиях.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər/

counter

прилавок
Meaning
a flat surface in a shop, bank, or kitchen where transactions or work are done
Example
The cashier stood behind the counter.
Кассир стоял за прилавком.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

член совета
Meaning
an elected member of a council, especially a local government body
Example
The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.
Член совета провел публичное собрание для обсуждения местных проблем.
B2 noun /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

coordinator

координатор
Meaning
a person who organizes people or activities so that they work well together
Example
The event coordinator managed everything perfectly.
Координатор мероприятия всё организовал идеально.
B2 adjective + noun kriˈeɪtɪv ɪɡˈzɪbɪts

creative exhibits

креативные выставки
Meaning
Artistic displays or presentations that show originality and imagination.
Example
The creative exhibits highlighted recycling possibilities.
Креативные выставки подчеркнули возможности переработки.
B2 noun, verb /kloʊk/

cloak

плащ
Meaning
a loose outer garment; to cover, hide, or disguise
Example
The spy cloaked his identity with a false name.
Шпион скрыл свою личность под ложным именем.
B2 verb kənˈdem

condemn

осуждать
Meaning
To express complete disapproval of; to censure.
Example
The leaders condemned the actions as inhumane.
Лидеры осудили действия как нечеловеческие.
B2 noun ˈkɑː.bən

carbon

углерод
Meaning
The chemical element of atomic number 6, occurring as diamond, graphite, and charcoal.
Example
Carbon emissions must be controlled.
Эмиссии углерода должны быть контролируемыми.
B2 verb /kreɪv/

crave

страстно желать, стремиться
Meaning
to have a strong desire for something
Example
She craves adventure and often travels to remote places.
Она жаждет приключений и часто путешествует в отдалённые места.
B2 noun ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən

comprehension

понимание
Meaning
The ability to understand something; understanding or grasp of knowledge.
Example
Reading improves vocabulary and comprehension skills.
Чтение улучшает словарный запас и навыки понимания.
B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

составные части
Meaning
Components or elements used to create something.
Example
Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.
Белки и витамины являются важными составляющими здорового питания.
B2 noun, verb /kɜːrs/

curse

проклятие
Meaning
a solemn wish that harm or misfortune should befall someone; a rude or offensive word or phrase; to utter offensive words or wish harm upon someone
Example
He cursed loudly when he realized he had lost his wallet.
Он громко выругался, когда понял, что потерял кошелёк.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒn.trər.i/

Contrary

противоположный; противоположный;
Meaning
opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; completely different
Example
Contrary to popular belief, cats can be very social animals.
Напротив общепринятого мнения, кошки могут быть очень социальными животными.
B2 adjective ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl

controversial

спорный
Meaning
Giving rise to public disagreement or heated discussion.
Example
The policy remains controversial.
Политика остается спорной.
B2 noun ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən

consultation

консультация
Meaning
The action of consulting or discussing; a meeting with an expert or professional to seek advice.
Example
Consultation was essential.
Консультация была необходима.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɒnɪk/

chronic

хронический
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or constantly recurring, often describing illness.
Example
She suffers from chronic back pain.
Она страдает от хронической боли в спине.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/

counseling

консультирование
Meaning
professional guidance or therapy to help resolve personal or psychological problems
Example
She decided to go for counseling after feeling stressed for months.
Она решила пройти консультирование после того, как чувствовала стресс в течение нескольких месяцев.
B2 verb /kənˈstrʌkt/

construct

строить
Meaning
to build or form something by putting parts together
Example
They plan to construct a new bridge over the river.
Они планируют построить новый мост через реку.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

загрязнение
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
Загрязнение воздуха вызывает проблемы со здоровьем.