B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

Meaning

to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings

Example

They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.

B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

способный; компетентный

Meaning

having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent

Example

She is capable of handling complex problems.

Она способна справляться с сложными проблемами.

C2 verb /ʧeɪf/

chafe

Meaning

To make or become sore by rubbing; to feel irritation or impatience.

Example

The tight shoes began to chafe his heels.

A1 noun /klɒk/

Clock

часы

Meaning

an instrument used to indicate, keep, and co-ordinate time

Example

The clock on the wall shows three o'clock.

Часы на стене показывают три часа.

C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

каскад; последовательность этапов или операций

Meaning

a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations

Example

The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.

Горный водопад создал красивый природный плавательный бассейн внизу.

C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

кавалерия

Meaning

soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback

Example

The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.

Кавалерия с большим ускорением атаковала поле.

C1 noun /ˈkɒntrəbænd/

contraband

незаконные товары

Meaning

goods that are illegal to import, export, or possess

Example

The police seized a shipment of contraband cigarettes.

Полиция изъяла партию контрабандных сигарет.

B1 noun ˈklaɪ.mət tʃeɪndʒ

climate change

изменение климата

Meaning

A change in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

Example

Climate change is causing more natural disasters.

Изменение климата вызывает больше природных катастроф.

C2 noun /ˈkætəˌklɪzəm/

cataclysm

катаклизм

Meaning

A sudden and violent event that causes great destruction or upheaval.

Example

The earthquake was a cataclysm that reshaped the city.

Землетрясение было катаклизмом, который изменил город.

B1 noun /ˈkændɪdeɪt/

candidate

кандидат

Meaning

A person who applies for a job or is nominated for election.

Example

The candidate gave a strong speech during the debate.

Кандидат произнес сильную речь во время дебатов.

B1 noun/verb /koʊd/

code

код

Meaning

a system of words, letters, or symbols used to represent information or instructions

Example

He wrote a code to solve the problem on the computer.

Он написал код, чтобы решить проблему на компьютере.

C2 noun /kəˈtæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

catabolism

катаболизм

Meaning

The breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.

Example

Catabolism plays a crucial role in cellular energy production.

Катаболизм играет ключевую роль в производстве энергии клетками.

C2 adjective /ˌkrɪp.təˈɡræf.ɪk/

cryptographic

криптографический

Meaning

Relating to cryptography; involving or using secret codes or ciphers for security.

Example

Banks use cryptographic technology to protect transactions.

Банки используют криптографические технологии для защиты транзакций.

C2 adjective /kəˈkɒfənəs/

cacophonous

какофония

Meaning

Producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.

Example

The cacophonous sounds of the city kept her awake all night.

Какофония звуков города не давала ей уснуть всю ночь.

B2 verb /klɪŋ/

cling

счастье

Meaning

to hold on tightly to someone or something

Example

The child clung to his mother in fear.

Она не могла скрыть своего счастья, когда получила награду.

A2 adjective /ˈklɛvər/

clever

умный, сообразительный

Meaning

Quick to understand, learn, and devise ideas or solutions; intelligent.

Example

She is clever enough to solve the puzzle quickly.

Она достаточно умна, чтобы быстро решить головоломку.

C2 noun /ˌkæt ə ˈnaɪn ˌteɪlz/

cat-o-nine-tails

кнут с девятью хвостами

Meaning

A whip with nine knotted cords, historically used for punishment.

Example

The sailor feared the cat-o-nine-tails more than the storm at sea.

Моряк боялся кнута с девятью хвостами больше, чем шторма на море.

C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

кульминация. Высшая точка чего-либо, особенно достигнутая после долгого времени.

Meaning

The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.

Example

The project reached its culmination after years of effort.

Проект достиг своей кульминации после многих лет усилий.

B1 noun /ˈkɛmɪkəl/

chemical

химическое вещество

Meaning

a substance produced by or used in a chemical process

Example

The factory releases harmful chemicals into the river.

Фабрика сбрасывает вредные химические вещества в реку.

C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəti/

callosity

огрубевшая кожа

Meaning

A thickened or hardened area of skin; insensitivity or hardness of character.

Example

Years of manual labor left callosity on his hands.

Годы тяжелого труда оставили огрубевшую кожу на его руках.

C2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

conversant

знакомый, сведущий

Meaning

familiar with or knowledgeable about something

Example

She is conversant with the latest developments in technology.

Она знакома с последними достижениями в области технологий.

C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

политическое собрание

Meaning

A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.

Example

The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.

Партия провела собрание для выдвижения кандидата в президенты.

B2 noun /ˈkʌm.pəs/

Compass

компас

Meaning

an instrument for finding direction with a magnetic needle pointing to magnetic north

Example

The hiker used a compass to find the right direction.

Путешественник использовал компас, чтобы найти правильное направление.

C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛkərd/

chequered

в клетку

Meaning

Having a pattern of squares, or marked by varied and contrasting experiences or periods.

Example

He had a chequered career with both great successes and failures.

У него была карьера в клетку с большими успехами и неудачами.

B2 verb /kənˈsiːv/

conceive

задумать, забеременеть

Meaning

to form or imagine an idea in the mind; to become pregnant

Example

It is hard to conceive how such an idea could succeed.

Трудно представить, как такая идея может быть успешной.

B2 noun /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/

compliance

соблюдение

Meaning

The practice of conforming to rules, regulations, or laws; obedience to orders or instructions.

Example

Schools expect compliance with their rules and policies.

Школы ожидают соблюдения своих правил и политик.

C2 noun /ˈkloʊtʃər/

cloture

процедура завершения

Meaning

a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.

Example

The Senate invoked cloture to end the lengthy debate.

Сенат призвал к процедуре завершения, чтобы закончить длительные дебаты.

C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

дружелюбие

Meaning

The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.

Example

His congeniality makes him popular among friends.

Его дружелюбие делает его популярным среди друзей.

C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

сговариваться

Meaning

To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.

Example

The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.

Две компании сговорились, чтобы установить цены на рынке.

C2 noun /kɒˈkeɪd/

cockade

ленточная розетка

Meaning

a rosette or knot of ribbon, usually worn on a hat as a badge of office or party

Example

The soldier wore a red cockade on his cap.

Солдат носил красную ленточную розетку на своей кепке.

C1 adjective kəʊˈhiː.sɪv

cohesive

сплоченный

Meaning

Characterized by or causing cohesion; forming a united whole.

Example

The team displayed a cohesive strategy.

Команда продемонстрировала сплоченную стратегию.

B2 noun /ˈkʌs.tə.mər rɪˈten.ʃən/

Customer Retention

удержание клиентов

Meaning

The ability of a company or product to retain its customers over some specified period.

Example

High customer retention increases business sustainability.

Высокий уровень удержания клиентов повышает устойчивость бизнеса.

A2 verb /kənˈsɪdər/

consider

рассматривать

Meaning

to think carefully about something, especially before making a decision

Example

She is considering studying abroad next year.

Она рассматривает возможность учебы за границей в следующем году.

A2 verb /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

changing

изменение

Meaning

The act of becoming different; ongoing process of change.

Example

The weather is changing rapidly.

Погода меняется быстро.

A2 noun /ˈkælɪndər/

calendar

календарь

Meaning

a system for organizing days, months, and years; a chart showing days of the year

Example

She marked her birthday on the calendar.

Она отметила свой день рождения в календаре.

A2 noun /ˈkɑr.pɪt/

Carpet

ковер

Meaning

a floor covering made from thick woven fabric

Example

The Persian carpet in the living room was a family heirloom.

Персидский ковер в гостиной был семейной реликвией.

B1 adjective /kəˈmɪtɪd/

committed

преданный

Meaning

Dedicated and loyal to a cause, activity, or relationship.

Example

She is a committed teacher who cares deeply for her students.

Она преданный учитель, который заботится о своих учениках.

C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

младший полицейский

Meaning

a police officer of the lowest rank

Example

The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.

Младший полицейский регулировал движение на оживленном перекрестке.

B2 noun kjuːz

cues

подсказки

Meaning

Signals or hints from conversation or environment that help understanding

Example

Facial expressions provide cues about a person's emotions.

Лицевые выражения дают подсказки о эмоциях человека.

C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

фарс, игра в мимику

Meaning

an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game

Example

The trial was nothing more than a political charade.

Процесс был ничем иным, как политическим фарсом.

B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

каньон

Meaning

A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.

Example

The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.

Река Колорадо вырезала Гранд-Каньон за миллионы лет.

C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

легковерный

Meaning

Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.

Example

The credulous child believed every story she heard.

Легковерный ребенок поверил в каждую историю, которую он слышал.

C1 adjective /klæd/

clad

одет / покрыт

Meaning

dressed or covered in a particular way

Example

The knight was clad in shining armor.

Рыцарь был одет в сверкающие доспехи.

B2 adjective /kənˈtɛmpərɛri/

contemporary

современный, современный

Meaning

belonging to the same time period; modern

Example

She enjoys contemporary art exhibitions.

Она наслаждается выставками современного искусства.

A2 verb kriˈeɪts

creates

создавать

Meaning

To bring something into existence or to cause something to happen

Example

Pollution creates environmental and health issues.

Загрязнение создает проблемы с окружающей средой и здоровьем.

A2 noun /kɔːrn/

Corn

кукуруза

Meaning

a tall cereal plant that produces kernels on large ears; maize

Example

We grilled corn on the cob for dinner.

Мы жарили кукурузу на початках на ужин.

B1 noun /ˌkrɪstiˈænɪti/

christianity

христианство

Meaning

the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ

Example

Christianity has millions of followers around the world.

Христианство имеет миллионы последователей по всему миру.

C2 noun /tʃəˈmeɪ.li/

Chameli

жасмин

Meaning

a variety of jasmine flower with small white fragrant petals

Example

The chameli flowers are commonly used to make garlands and perfumes.

Цветы жасмина обычно используют для изготовления гирлянд и духов.

C2 noun /ˈkaɪrəˌmænsi/

chiromancy

хиромантия

Meaning

The practice of predicting the future by interpreting the lines on the palms of hands; palmistry.

Example

The old woman practiced chiromancy and told fortunes for travelers.

Старая женщина практиковала хиромантию и предсказывала будущее путешественникам.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

привередливый; очень выборочный; особенный в том, что ему нравится или что он принимает

Meaning

very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts

Example

He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.

Он очень привередлив в ресторанах, где он ест.

A2 adverb /kəmˈpliːtli/

completely

полностью

Meaning

totally; in every way possible

Example

The room was completely silent.

Комната была полностью тихой.

C2 noun /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/

chicanery

обман

Meaning

The use of trickery or deception to achieve a purpose.

Example

The politician was accused of chicanery to win the election.

Политика обвинили в обмане с целью выиграть выборы.

C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

ласковый жест

Meaning

a gentle or loving touch

Example

The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.

Нежное прикосновение матери успокоило плачущего ребенка.

A2 noun tʃɔɪs

choice

выбор

Meaning

An act of selecting or making a decision when faced with two or more possibilities.

Example

Choice enhances decision-making.

Выбор улучшает процесс принятия решений.

B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

коллаж

Meaning

A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.

Example

She created a collage using old magazine pictures.

Она создала коллаж, используя старые фотографии из журналов.

A2 adjective kɑːm

calm

спокойный

Meaning

Not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other strong emotions; peaceful.

Example

The calm environment supports healing.

Тихая обстановка способствует исцелению.

C1 adjective /kɜːrt/

curt

резкий

Meaning

Rudely brief in speech or manner.

Example

His curt reply made everyone uncomfortable.

Его резкий ответ заставил всех почувствовать дискомфорт.

C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

соотечественник

Meaning

a person from one's own country or rural area

Example

He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.

Он гордился тем, что встретил соотечественника на международной конференции.

C2 adjective kaɪˈmɛr.ɪ.kəl

chimerical

химерический, невозможный

Meaning

Illusory or impossible to achieve; existing only in imagination.

Example

His chimerical ideas often baffled realists.

Его химерические идеи часто сбивали с толку реалистов.

B2 noun /kəˈmɪʃənər/

commissioner

комиссар

Meaning

an official in charge of a particular department or area

Example

The police commissioner addressed the media about the incident.

Полицейский комиссар рассказал СМИ о происшествии.

B2 noun /tʃɔːr/

chore

работа по дому

Meaning

A routine task, especially a household duty.

Example

Washing the dishes is my least favorite chore.

Мыть посуду - моя наименее любимая работа по дому.

C2 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə bɑːks/

China box

оранжевый жасмин

Meaning

a small evergreen shrub with tiny white fragrant flowers

Example

The China box plant produced clusters of small white flowers.

Растение оранжевый жасмин дало грозди мелких белых цветов.

C1 verb /klɪntʃ/

clinch

Meaning

To secure or settle something decisively; to grasp tightly.

Example

The team clinched the championship with a last-minute goal.

C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

Meaning

Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.

Example

The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.

A2 noun /kæmp/

Camp

лагерь

Meaning

a place where soldiers live temporarily; a place with tents or huts for temporary accommodation

Example

The military established a camp near the border.

Армия создала лагерь возле границы.

B2 adjective /kɔːrs/

coarse

шероховатый, грубый

Meaning

Rough in texture or manner; not smooth or refined.

Example

The fabric felt coarse to the touch.

Ткань была шероховатой на ощупь.

A2 verb /kəˈlɛkt/

collect

собирать

Meaning

to gather together; to accumulate items

Example

I collect stamps as a hobby.

Я собираю марки как хобби.

B2 noun /kəˈkeɪn/

cocaine

кокаин (наркотик)

Meaning

a powerful and addictive illegal drug made from coca leaves

Example

He was arrested for possessing cocaine.

Его арестовали за хранение кокаина.

B2 noun /kəˈdɛt/

cadet

кадет

Meaning

A young trainee in the armed forces, police, or other organization.

Example

The cadet marched proudly in the parade.

Кадет гордо маршировал на параде.

B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

соответствующий

Meaning

matching or related to something

Example

The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.

Соответствующая страница в книге объясняет процесс подробно.

B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

ошейник

Meaning

a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace

Example

She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.

Она носила элегантный жемчужный ошейник на официальном ужине.

B1 noun /ˈkaʊnti/

county

округ

Meaning

A territorial division within a country, typically a region with its own local government.

Example

She grew up in a small county in northern England.

Она выросла в маленьком округе на севере Англии.

C1 noun /ˌkɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/

conjugation

спряжение

Meaning

the variation of the form of a verb to indicate tense, person, and number

Example

French verbs have complex conjugations.

Во французском языке существуют сложные формы глаголов.

C2 noun /ˈʃɑːrlətən/

charlatan

мошенник

Meaning

a person who pretends to have knowledge or skills that they do not really possess; a fraud

Example

The so-called healer was exposed as a charlatan.

Так называемый целитель был разоблачен как мошенник.

C2 verb /kənˈvoʊk/

convoke

созвать

Meaning

to call together or summon a meeting or assembly

Example

The committee convoked an emergency session to discuss the crisis.

Комитет созвал экстренное заседание, чтобы обсудить кризис.

C2 verb /kɔːk/

calk

запечатывать трещины на лодке

Meaning

To make a boat or ship watertight by filling seams or cracks.

Example

The workers calked the seams of the old boat to prevent leaks.

Рабочие заделали швы старой лодки, чтобы предотвратить утечку.

C2 noun /ˈkɒntrətɑː̃/

contretemps

неожиданный конфликт

Meaning

an unexpected and unfortunate event or disagreement; a minor dispute

Example

There was a small contretemps between the two colleagues during the meeting.

Между двумя коллегами возник небольшой неожиданный конфликт во время встречи.

C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

капеллан

Meaning

A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.

Example

The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.

Военный капеллан предложил молитвы перед битвой.

A2 noun, verb /kɔɪn/

coin

монета

Meaning

A flat piece of metal used as money; as a verb, to invent a new word or phrase.

Example

The government decided to coin a new term for the program.

Правительство решило ввести новый термин для программы.

B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl.ɪŋ/

counselling

консультирование

Meaning

the process of giving professional guidance and support to help someone deal with personal, social, psychological, or career-related problems

Example

She decided to seek counselling to manage stress and anxiety.

Она решила пройти консультирование, чтобы справиться со стрессом.

B2 verb /kənˈtɛnd/

contend

состязаться, утверждать

Meaning

to strive or compete for something; to assert earnestly

Example

Athletes from around the world contend for the championship.

Атлеты со всего мира борются за чемпионство.

C2 noun /ˈkæbəˌlɪzəm/

cabalism

кабализм

Meaning

The doctrines, practices, or secretive dealings of a cabal.

Example

The historian wrote extensively about cabalism in the royal court.

Историк написал обширно о кабализме в королевском дворе.

C2 adjective /ˈkælkjʊləbl/

calculable

вычислимый

Meaning

Capable of being calculated, estimated, or measured.

Example

The risk involved in the project is calculable.

Риск, связанный с проектом, может быть вычислен.

B1 verb /kənˈfɜːrm/

confirm

подтверждать

Meaning

to establish the truth, accuracy, or validity of something

Example

The hotel will confirm your reservation by email.

Отель подтвердит ваш заказ по электронной почте.

B2 noun /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

classification

классификация

Meaning

the action or process of classifying something into groups based on shared characteristics.

Example

The classification of animals helps in understanding their biology.

Классификация животных помогает понять их биологию.

B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt

character development

развитие персонажа

Meaning

The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.

Example

The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.

Развитие персонажа Сидни Картон глубоко.

B2 noun /ˈkɒk.roʊtʃ/

Cockroach

таракан

Meaning

a flat brown insect that is commonly found in kitchens and other warm places

Example

A cockroach ran across the kitchen floor quickly.

Таракан быстро побежал по кухонному полу.

B1 noun /ˈkæmpəs/

campus

кампус

Meaning

The grounds and buildings of a university, college, or school.

Example

The university campus is filled with students during the fall semester.

Кампус университета полон студентов в осенний семестр.

C2 adjective /kænˈtæŋ.kər.əs/

cantankerous

неприязненный

Meaning

Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.

Example

The cantankerous old man complained about everything.

Неприятный старик жаловался на всё.

B2 verb /kɑːrv/

carve

вырезать

Meaning

To cut or shape something, especially wood or stone, into a desired form.

Example

The artist carved a beautiful statue out of marble.

Художник вырезал красивую статую из мрамора.

C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

кристаллизовать

Meaning

to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite

Example

Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.

Её неопределённые мысли начали кристаллизоваться в чёткий план.

B1 noun, verb /ˈkrɛdɪt/

credit

кредит, признание

Meaning

As a noun: the ability to obtain goods or services before payment; recognition for an achievement. As a verb: to publicly acknowledge someone's contribution.

Example

She received credit for her contribution to the project.

Она получила признание за свой вклад в проект.

A2 noun /kraɪm/

crime

преступление

Meaning

An illegal act punishable by law.

Example

The police are investigating the crime.

Полиция расследует преступление.

C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

конформность, послушание, соблюдение

Meaning

Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.

Example

Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.

Строгая конформность с правилами обеспечивает порядок в обществе.

C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

корродировать

Meaning

to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action

Example

The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.

Железные трубы корродировали со временем из-за воздействия воды.

B2 adverb /kənˈvɜːrsli/

conversely

наоборот

Meaning

in an opposite or contrary manner

Example

He is rich, conversely, his brother struggles financially.

Он богат, наоборот, его брат финансово борется.

B2 noun /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

coordinator

координатор

Meaning

a person who organizes people or activities so that they work well together

Example

The event coordinator managed everything perfectly.

Координатор мероприятия всё организовал идеально.

C1 verb /kənˈstruː/

construe

интерпретировать

Meaning

to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way

Example

His words could be construed as a threat.

Его слова могут быть интерпретированы как угроза.

B2 preposition /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/

concerning

касающийся

Meaning

about or relating to something; causing worry or anxiety

Example

There are some reports concerning the new project.

Есть несколько отчетов, касающихся нового проекта.

C2 noun /kɒnˌtek.stʃu.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

contextualization

контекстуализация

Meaning

The process of placing something in its proper context or setting to understand it better.

Example

Contextualization of historical events helps students understand them better.

Контекстуализация исторических событий помогает студентам лучше их понимать.

C2 adjective /ˈkoʊməˌtoʊs/

comatose

коматозный

Meaning

In a state of deep unconsciousness, resembling or related to coma.

Example

The comatose patient was kept under constant observation.

Коматозный пациент находился под постоянным наблюдением.

C1 adjective kəˈlɒs.əl

Colossal

колоссальный

Meaning

Extremely large, gigantic, enormous in size or extent.

Example

The colossal pyramids of Egypt are a marvel of architecture.

Колоссальные пирамиды Египта являются чудом архитектуры.

B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

преобразователь

Meaning

a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials

Example

The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.

Инженер использовал преобразователь для преобразования переменного тока в постоянный.

C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

канонический / принятый

Meaning

Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.

Example

Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.

Произведения Шекспира считаются каноническими в английской литературе.

B2 noun /ˈkʌt.lət/

Cutlet

котлета

Meaning

a small piece of meat, especially veal or lamb, for frying or grilling

Example

She served delicious chicken cutlets for dinner.

Она подала вкусные куриные котлеты на ужин.

B2 adjective /kruːd/

crude

сырой

Meaning

in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined

Example

The crude oil is processed into fuel and chemicals.

Сырая нефть перерабатывается в топливо и химикаты.

B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

chairwoman

председательница

Meaning

a woman who presides over a meeting, committee, or organization; a female leader of a board or council

Example

She was elected chairwoman of the company after years of experience.

После многих лет опыта она была избрана председательницей компании.

A1 noun /kɑːrd/

card

Meaning

A small, flat piece of stiff paper or thin cardboard used for various purposes, such as identification, greetings, or playing games.

Example

She handed me her business card after the meeting.

C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

транспортировка

Meaning

The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.

Example

The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.

Транспортировка товаров была задержана из-за плохой погоды.

A2 adjective /ˈkloʊ.sɪst/

closest

ближайший

Meaning

nearest in distance or relationship

Example

He is my closest friend.

Он мой ближайший друг.

B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

cunning

хитрый

Meaning

Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.

Example

The cunning fox tricked the farmer.

Хитрая лиса обманула фермера.

B2 adjective /ˌkɒst.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

cost-efficient

экономичный

Meaning

Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.

Example

Cost-efficient solutions benefit industries.

Экономичные решения приносят пользу отраслям.

C2 verb /ˈkæstreɪt/

castrate

кастрировать

Meaning

To remove the testicles of a male animal or human.

Example

The farmer castrated the young bulls to make them easier to manage.

Фермер кастрировал молодых быков, чтобы их было легче управлять.

C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

большая коллекция лингвистических данных, используемых для анализа языка

Meaning

A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.

Example

Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.

Лингвисты используют корпус для анализа языковых паттернов.

C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

конфедерация

Meaning

a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose

Example

The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.

Южные штаты образовали конфедерацию во время гражданской войны.

B2 adverb /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

Considerably

значительно; существенно

Meaning

to a notably large degree; significantly; substantially

Example

The price has increased considerably over the past year.

Цена значительно увеличилась за последний год.

B2 adjective /kəˈmɛndəbl̩/

commendable

достойный похвалы

Meaning

deserving praise or approval

Example

Her dedication to the project was truly commendable.

Её преданность проекту была действительно достойна похвалы.

B1 noun /ˈkɑn.træst/

Contrast

контраст; различие; сравнение

Meaning

the state of being strikingly different from something else; comparison showing differences

Example

The contrast between city life and rural life is quite remarkable.

Контраст между городской жизнью и сельской жизнью довольно заметен.

C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

жаловатся

Meaning

to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters

Example

She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.

Она склонна жаловаться на самые незначительные неудобства.

B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzən/

citizen

гражданин

Meaning

a legally recognized subject or national of a state

Example

Every citizen has the right to vote.

Каждый гражданин имеет право голосовать.

C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

кульминировать

Meaning

To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.

Example

Years of hard work culminated in his success.

Годы упорной работы кульминировали в его успехе.