Vocabulary Cards
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B2 noun
Privilege
特権
Meaning
a special right or advantage that only one person or group has
Example
It's a privilege to work with such talented people.
B2 adjective
Privileged
恵まれた
Meaning
having special advantages; favored; elite
Example
She comes from a privileged background with many opportunities.
C2 noun
privity
プライバシー関係、契約関係
Meaning
A close, private, or special relationship; in law, the direct connection between parties to a contract.
Example
There was no privity of contract between the supplier and the customer.
C1 adjective
privy
秘密の知識
Meaning
having access to secret or private knowledge
Example
She was privy to the confidential discussions.
B1 noun, verb
prize
賞
Meaning
something given as a reward for achievement; to value highly
Example
He won the first prize in the competition.
B1 noun
pro
プロフェッショナル
Meaning
a professional, especially in sports; or a person who is in favor of something
Example
He plays tennis like a pro.
B2 adjective
proactive
積極的
Meaning
Taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens.
Example
Proactive strategies are needed to combat scarcity.
C1 noun
proactive leadership
プロアクティブリーダーシップ
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
C1 noun
proactive saving
積極的貯蓄
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
C1 adjective
probabilistic
確率に基づく
Meaning
Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.
Example
The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions.
B2 noun
Probability
確率
Meaning
the likelihood that something will happen; a mathematical measure of how likely something is to occur
Example
There is a high probability of rain tomorrow.
B2 adjective
Probable
可能性がある
Meaning
likely to happen; expected; plausible
Example
It is probable that it will rain tomorrow according to the weather forecast.
A2 adverb
Probably
おそらく
Meaning
almost certainly; very likely; in all likelihood
Example
He will probably arrive late tonight.
C1 noun
probate
遺言検認
Meaning
the official proving of a will in a court of law
Example
The family had to go through probate after his death.
B2 noun
probation
試用期間
Meaning
a period of testing or supervision, especially for offenders or new employees
Example
He was placed on probation for six months.
B2 noun
probe
探査機
Meaning
An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.
Example
The probe collected data from the planet's surface.
C1 noun
probiotic
有益な細菌
Meaning
Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.
Example
Yogurt is a natural source of probiotics that aid digestion.
C1 noun
probiotics
プロバイオティクス
Meaning
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
Example
Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health.
C2 noun
probity
誠実
Meaning
The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
Example
The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.
A1 noun
Problem
問題
Meaning
a situation that causes difficulties and needs to be dealt with or solved
Example
We need to solve this problem quickly.
B2 noun
problem-solving
問題解決
Meaning
The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.
Example
Problem-solving skills are key to leadership.
B2 adjective
Problematic
問題のある; 問題を引き起こす
Meaning
causing problems; troublesome; difficult to deal with
Example
The new policy changes are problematic and need to be reviewed.
C2 noun
proboscis
象の鼻
Meaning
The long, flexible nose of some animals, especially an elephant, or a tubular feeding and sucking organ in insects.
Example
The elephant used its proboscis to grab food.
C1 adjective
procedural
手続き的な
Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.