Vocabulary Cards
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C2 noun
pertness
生意気
Meaning
boldness or forwardness in speech or behavior; sauciness
Example
Her pertness during the meeting surprised everyone.
C1 verb
perturb
動揺させる
Meaning
To disturb or unsettle greatly in mind.
Example
The sudden noise perturbed the students during the exam.
C2 noun
perturbation
混乱
Meaning
A state of anxiety, disturbance, or disorder.
Example
The announcement caused a perturbation in the financial markets.
C1 adjective
perturbed
動揺した
Meaning
feeling anxious, unsettled, or disturbed
Example
He looked perturbed after hearing the bad news.
C2 noun
perusal
慎重な読書
Meaning
The action of reading or examining something carefully.
Example
The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.
C1 verb
peruse
幸福
Meaning
to read something carefully and thoroughly; sometimes used to mean to browse casually
Example
She sat down to peruse the contract before signing it.
C1 verb
pervade
広がる
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
C2 noun
pervasion
蔓延
Meaning
the act of spreading through or being present everywhere in something
Example
There was a pervasion of hope throughout the community.
C1 adjective
pervasive
普遍的な
Meaning
Existing in or spreading through every part of something
Example
Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.
C1 adjective
perverse
倒錯
Meaning
showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable
Example
He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.
C1 noun
perversion
歪曲
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
C1 noun
Perversity
頑固; 逆行;
Meaning
deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate
Example
His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.
C1 verb/noun
pervert
Meaning
As a verb: to distort the meaning or purpose of something; as a noun: a person with abnormal or immoral sexual behavior.
Example
He tried to pervert the truth to escape punishment.
C2 adjective
pervious
透水性の
Meaning
Allowing water, air, or other substances to pass through; permeable.
Example
The soil here is pervious to rainwater.
B2 noun
pessimism
ペシミズム
Meaning
A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.
Example
Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.
B2 noun
Pessimist
悲観主義者
Meaning
a person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believes that the worst will happen; someone who lacks hope or confidence in the future
Example
Being a pessimist, he always expected the worst outcome.
B2 noun
pesticide
農薬
Meaning
A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
The pesticide sprayed in the field killed the harmful insects.
C1 noun
pesticide-residue
農薬残留物
Meaning
Chemical remnants left over from pesticides used on crops or in soil.
Example
Excess pesticide-residue in food can be harmful to health.
B2 noun
pesticides
農薬
Meaning
Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.
C2 noun
pestilence
ペスト
Meaning
A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.
Example
The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.
C2 adjective
pestilent
有害
Meaning
Causing or tending to cause death or destruction; harmful or pernicious.
Example
The pestilent atmosphere of the swamp made people sick.
C2 adjective
pestilential
疫病の
Meaning
Relating to or causing pestilence; very harmful, troublesome, or dangerous.
Example
The pestilential smell of the garbage filled the street.
C1 noun
pestle
杵
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
B2 noun
pests
害虫, 害を及ぼす動物
Meaning
Harmful or troublesome creatures, especially insects or small animals that damage crops, food, or living spaces.
Example
Pests can damage crops and cause diseases.