supplant
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C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

取って代わる
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
デジタルプラットフォームは伝統的な新聞を取って代わった。
C1 noun /ˈmoʊldɪŋ/

molding

装飾モールディング
Meaning
A decorative strip or design, often used on walls, ceilings, or furniture.
Example
The wooden molding gave the room a classic look.
木製のモールディングが部屋にクラシックな印象を与えました。
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

儚い
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
桜の花の美しさは儚い。
C1 noun /ˈɑn.set/

Onset

開始; 始まり
Meaning
the beginning or early stages of something; the start of a medical condition
Example
The onset of winter brought heavy snowfall.
冬の開始は大雪をもたらしました。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

unadorned

シンプルな、飾りのない
Meaning
Plain and simple; not decorated.
Example
The room was unadorned, with only a table and a chair.
部屋はシンプルで、テーブルと椅子だけがありました。
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

予め決定する
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
試合の結果は予め決められていたようだった。
C1 noun /dɪn/

din

騒音
Meaning
a loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise
Example
The din of traffic outside made it hard to concentrate.
外の交通の騒音が集中するのを困難にしていた。
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

民営化
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
国有企業の民営化は効率を高めました。
C1 noun /pluːm/

plume

大きくて柔らかい羽または羽のようなもの
Meaning
a large, soft feather or something resembling a feather
Example
The soldier wore a red plume on his helmet.
兵士はヘルメットに赤い羽をつけていた。
C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

Meaning
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.
C1 noun /rɪˈteɪnər/

retainer

前払金 / リテイナー
Meaning
a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place
Example
The lawyer asked for a retainer before taking the case.
弁護士は事件を受ける前に前払い金を要求した。
C1 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈbloʊn/

overblown

誇張された
Meaning
excessively exaggerated or inflated
Example
The controversy was overblown by the media.
メディアによって論争は誇張されました。
C1 verb /dɪsˈoʊn/

disown

拒絶する
Meaning
to refuse to acknowledge or accept responsibility for someone or something
Example
He decided to disown his reckless brother.
彼は無謀な兄を拒絶する決断をしました。
C1 noun, verb /bʌldʒ/

bulge

Meaning
A swelling or protruding part; to swell outward or protrude.
Example
The bag began to bulge with too many books inside.
C1 verb /θrɒb/

throb

脈打つ
Meaning
to beat or pulse strongly, often with pain
Example
His head began to throb after the long day.
長い一日の後、彼の頭が脈打ち始めた。
C1 noun /fɔːrˈkloʊʒər/

foreclosure

差し押さえ
Meaning
The legal process by which a lender takes control of a property from a borrower who has failed to make payments.
Example
The family lost their home due to foreclosure after missing several mortgage payments.
その家族は複数回のモーゲージ支払いを逃したため、差し押さえで家を失いました。
C1 verb /ɪˈkweɪt/

equate

等しい
Meaning
To consider as equal or equivalent.
Example
Many people equate wealth with success.
多くの人々は富と成功を同一視します。
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

同棲する
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
彼らは結婚前に同居することを決めました。
C1 adjective /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

martial

軍事的な
Meaning
Related to war, soldiers, or military life.
Example
The country imposed martial law during the crisis.
その国は危機の間に戒厳令を施行した。
C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

異教徒
Meaning
a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen
Example
Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.
古代ローマ人は初期のキリスト教徒を異教徒だとみなしていた。
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

病原性
Meaning
Capable of causing disease.
Example
Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.
いくつかの細菌は無害で、他の細菌は非常に病原性があります。
C1 adjective /ˈpleɪntɪv/

plaintive

悲しげな, 哀れな
Meaning
expressing sadness or sorrow
Example
He raised a plaintive cry for help.
彼は助けを求めて哀願するような叫びを上げた。
C1 adjective /ˌɑːpərˈtuːn/

opportune

適切な瞬間
Meaning
Happening at a suitable or convenient time.
Example
She arrived at an opportune moment to help.
彼女は助けるために適切な瞬間に到着しました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/

intoxicate

幸せ
Meaning
to make someone lose control of their faculties or behavior due to alcohol or drugs
Example
The strong drink quickly intoxicated him.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができなかった。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

妨げる
Meaning
To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.
Example
Lack of funds can impede business growth.
資金不足はビジネスの成長を妨げる可能性があります。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

勇敢な
Meaning
fearless and adventurous, often used humorously
Example
The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.
その勇敢な旅行者は一人でジャングルを探検した。
C1 noun /wɪsp/

wisp

小さな束や部分
Meaning
A small thin or twisted bunch, piece, or amount of something.
Example
A wisp of smoke rose from the chimney.
煙のウィスプが煙突から上がった。
C1 noun /kuː/

coup

クーデター
Meaning
a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government
Example
The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.
軍隊は現政権を倒すためにクーデターを起こしました。
C1 noun /əˈkɜr.əns/

Occurrence

出来事
Meaning
an instance or event of something happening; the fact of occurring
Example
The occurrence of earthquakes is common in this region.
この地域では地震の出来事が一般的です。
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃərəs/

torturous

痛ましい
Meaning
Extremely painful or causing great suffering; relating to or involving torture.
Example
The journey through the desert was long and torturous.
砂漠を横断する旅は長くて痛ましいものでした。
C1 adjective /ˈhiːdləs/

heedless

無頓着
Meaning
showing a reckless lack of care or attention
Example
He drove with heedless disregard for the rules.
彼はルールを無視して運転した。
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

鉱物探鉱者
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
プロスペクターは金を探し続けるために山中で何年も過ごしました。
C1 verb /rɪˈnɛɡ/

renege

約束を破る
Meaning
to go back on a promise, agreement, or commitment
Example
The company reneged on its promise to increase wages.
その会社は賃金を引き上げるという約束を破りました。
C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

至点
Meaning
the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)
Example
People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.
人々は夏至を祝うために祭りや儀式を行います。
C1 noun /ˌtɛstɪˈməʊnɪəlz/

testimonials

推薦状, 証言
Meaning
Written or spoken statements of praise or recommendation from clients or customers.
Example
Positive testimonials can enhance a company's reputation.
ポジティブなテスティモニアルは企業の評判を高めることができます。
C1 verb /ɪnˈtruːd/

intrude

干渉する
Meaning
To enter a place or situation where one is not wanted or not invited.
Example
He felt embarrassed to intrude on their private conversation.
彼は彼らのプライベートな会話に干渉して恥ずかしく思った。
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛkt/

dissect

Meaning
to cut apart an animal, plant, or other organism to study its internal parts; to analyze something in detail
Example
In biology class, students had to dissect a frog to learn about its anatomy.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/

intuitive

直感的
Meaning
Based on instinctive understanding rather than reasoning.
Example
The software has an intuitive design that makes it easy to use.
そのソフトウェアは直感的なデザインを持っており、使いやすいです。
C1 noun /heɪz/

Haze

霞
Meaning
a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles; confusion
Example
The morning haze lifted gradually as the sun rose higher in the sky.
朝の霞は徐々に晴れ、太陽が空高く昇るにつれて明らかになった。
C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

懺悔
Meaning
The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.
自分の間違いに気づいた後、彼の目は懺悔に満ちていた。
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

カノニカル / 受け入れられた
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
シェイクスピアの作品は英文学においてカノニカルと見なされています。
C1 adjective /ʌnˈsɜːrvɪsəbəl/

Unserviceable

使えない; 故障した
Meaning
not in working order; unable to be used; defective
Example
The old computer became unserviceable after the system crash.
古いコンピュータはシステムクラッシュ後、使えなくなりました。
C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.ʃən/

Diversion

迂回
Meaning
the action of turning something aside from its course; an activity that diverts the mind
Example
The road closure forced a diversion through the countryside for all travelers.
道路の閉鎖により、すべての旅行者は田舎道を通って迂回することを余儀なくされました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈvaɪzəbl/

inadvisable

推奨されない
Meaning
Not recommended; likely to have undesirable consequences.
Example
It is inadvisable to drive in such heavy rain.
このような大雨の中で運転するのは推奨されません。
C1 adjective /ˈskɔːrnfəl/

Scornful

軽蔑的な
Meaning
showing contempt or disdain; expressing scorn
Example
She gave him a scornful look when he made the rude comment.
彼が無礼なコメントをしたとき、彼女は軽蔑の目で彼を見た。
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

直感に反する
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
彼のアプローチは直感に反するように見えますが、実際には効果的です。
C1 verb ˈhɪndər

hinder

妨げる
Meaning
To obstruct or delay the progress of something
Example
Excessive rain hinders vegetable growth.
過剰な雨は野菜の成長を妨げます。
C1 noun /səˈvɪləti/

civility

礼儀
Meaning
Polite and courteous behavior.
Example
He treated his opponent with civility despite their differences.
彼は彼の対戦相手に対して礼儀を持って接した、彼らの違いにもかかわらず。
C1 adjective /kəmˈpleɪsənt/

complacent

自己満足
Meaning
showing self-satisfaction and a lack of concern about potential dangers or problems
Example
The team grew complacent after a few victories and stopped practicing hard.
チームは数回の勝利の後、自己満足し、練習をやめた。
C1 adjective /səˈnɔːrəs/

sonorous

深い音
Meaning
Deep, full, and rich in sound.
Example
The actor's sonorous voice filled the entire theater.
俳優のソノラスな声が劇場全体に響き渡った。
C1 noun /ˈiː.zi tʃeər/

Easy-chair

リクライニングチェア
Meaning
a comfortable chair with arms and a back that reclines
Example
He relaxed in his favorite easy-chair after work.
彼は仕事の後、お気に入りのイージーチェアでくつろいだ。
C1 verb /ˈpʌlseɪt/

pulsate

脈動する
Meaning
to expand and contract rhythmically; to throb or beat
Example
The neon lights pulsated with a steady rhythm.
ネオンのライトは一定のリズムで脈打っていた。
C1 noun /kəˈres/

Caress

愛撫
Meaning
a gentle or loving touch
Example
The mother's gentle caress calmed the crying baby.
母親の優しい愛撫が泣いている赤ちゃんを落ち着かせた。
C1 noun /sɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

Seduction

誘惑; 誘惑
Meaning
the action of seducing someone; temptation to do something wrong
Example
He fell victim to the seduction of easy money.
彼は簡単な金儲けの誘惑に負けた。
C1 verb/noun ˈfæð.əm

fathom

理解する
Meaning
To understand after much thought; to measure the depth of water; to comprehend.
Example
It is difficult to fathom the depths of the ocean.
海の深さを理解するのは難しい。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

耐えられない
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
工事現場の騒音は耐えられないほどひどかった。
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌθiːɪzəm/

monotheism

一神教
Meaning
The belief in the existence of only one God.
Example
Islam and Christianity are religions based on monotheism.
イスラム教とキリスト教は一神教に基づいている。
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

侮辱 / 侮辱的な言葉
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
彼は彼女のキャラクターについて侮辱的な発言をした。
C1 noun /ˈaɪ.wɪt.nəs/

Eyewitness

目撃者
Meaning
a person who has seen something happen and can give evidence about it
Example
The police interviewed several eyewitnesses to the accident.
警察は事故の目撃者にインタビューを行いました。
C1 noun /ɪɡˌzɪl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

exhilaration

興奮または喜び
Meaning
A feeling of excitement, happiness, or elation.
Example
The feeling of exhilaration after a roller-coaster ride is amazing.
ジェットコースターの後のエクスヒラレーションの感覚は素晴らしいです。
C1 noun /ˌdiː.mɑːˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Demarcation

境界設定
Meaning
the action of fixing the boundary or limits of something; separation or division
Example
The demarcation between public and private land was clearly marked.
公共の土地と私有地の境界設定は明確に示されていた。
C1 adjective /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/

Finite

有限な; 限界がある
Meaning
limited; having bounds or limits; not infinite
Example
Earth has finite natural resources.
地球には有限の自然資源があります。
C1 noun ɔːrˈdiːl

ordeal

厳しい試練
Meaning
A physical or mental painful experience that must be endured
Example
Surviving the wilderness was a tough ordeal for them.
荒野で生き残ることは彼らにとって大変な試練でした。
C1 noun /tɪˈmɪdəti/

timidity

内気
Meaning
lack of courage or self-confidence
Example
His timidity kept him from speaking up during the meeting.
彼の内気さは会議で話すことを妨げた。
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/

accolade

栄誉
Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
彼女は卓越したパフォーマンスで栄誉を受けました。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

障害
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.
Example
Economic impediments often hinder social development.
経済的な障害はしばしば社会的発展を妨げる。
C1 noun /ˈnɛkˌlaɪn/

neckline

ネックライン
Meaning
the edge of a garment around the neck, especially as cut to form a particular shape
Example
The dress has a beautiful V-shaped neckline.
そのドレスには美しいV字型のネックラインがあります。
C1 noun /mɪsˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/

Misgiving

疑念; 不安; 不確実
Meaning
A feeling of doubt or apprehension about the outcome or consequences of something
Example
She had serious misgivings about accepting the job offer.
彼女は仕事のオファーを受け入れることに対して重大な疑念を抱いていました。
C1 adjective /ˌnɒnˈvɜː.bəl/

non-verbal

言葉やスピーチを使用せずに、ジェスチャー、ボディランゲージ、または顔の表情を通じて伝達される。
Meaning
Not involving or using words or speech; communicated through gestures, body language, or facial expressions.
Example
Non-verbal cues are just as important as words.
ノンバーバルキューは言葉と同じくらい重要です。
C1 adjective /səkˈsɪŋkt/

succinct

簡潔
Meaning
Briefly and clearly expressed; characterized by clear, precise expression in few words.
Example
His speech was succinct and impactful.
彼のスピーチは簡潔で印象的でした。
C1 verb /ˈpæri/

parry

攻撃をかわす
Meaning
to ward off or deflect an attack, especially in fencing or conversation
Example
He managed to parry the opponent’s sword with quick reflexes.
彼は素早い反応で相手の剣をかわすことができた。
C1 adjective /daɪər/

Dire

深刻な; 緊急の; 恐ろしい
Meaning
extremely serious; urgent; terrible
Example
The country is facing a dire economic crisis.
その国は深刻な経済危機に直面している。
C1 noun ˈhɛroʊˌɪzəm

heroism

英雄主義
Meaning
Great bravery; the qualities or attributes of a hero.
Example
The heroism of freedom fighters inspires the nation.
自由の戦士たちの英雄主義は国を鼓舞します。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səˈbɔːr.dɪ.nət/

insubordinate

命令不服従
Meaning
Defiant of authority; disobedient to orders.
Example
The insubordinate employee refused to follow the manager's instructions.
命令不服従の従業員は、マネージャーの指示に従うことを拒否した。
C1 noun /ˈtɛnəmənt/

tenement

アパートメント
Meaning
a large building divided into separate apartments, often in poor condition
Example
The family lived in a crowded tenement in the city.
その家族は街の混雑したアパートメントに住んでいました。
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈruːl/

overrule

却下する
Meaning
to reject or disallow by exercising one's superior authority; to override a decision
Example
The judge overruled the objection from the defense attorney.
裁判官は弁護側の異議を却下した。
C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

Meaning
To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.
Example
His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.
C1 verb /ˈrʌf.l̩/

ruffle

Meaning
to disturb the smoothness of something; to annoy or upset someone
Example
The wind ruffled her hair.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrəɡət/

surrogate

代理人
Meaning
A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
Example
The surrogate mother gave birth to the child after carrying it for nine months.
代理母は九か月間子どもを妊娠してから子どもを出産した。
C1 adjective ˌæv.ɒ̃ˈɡɑːd

avant-garde

前衛的
Meaning
New and experimental; characterized by departure from or rejection of accepted standards.
Example
Avant-garde designs redefine the dining experience.
アヴァン・ガルドデザインはダイニング体験を再定義します。
C1 noun /ɪmˈbɑː.ɡoʊ/

embargo

貿易禁止
Meaning
A trade ban, restriction, or prohibition imposed by a government or international organization on a country.
Example
The UN imposed an embargo on arms exports.
国連は武器輸出に対して禁輸を課しました。
C1 verb /pərˈsɑːnɪfaɪ/

personify

幸福
Meaning
To represent or embody a quality, idea, or concept in human form.
Example
She personifies kindness and generosity.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せなかった。
C1 adjective ˌɜː.ɡəˈnɒm.ɪk

ergonomic

人間工学デザイン
Meaning
Designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment; user-friendly and reducing strain.
Example
The chair has an ergonomic design for better posture.
この椅子は、より良い姿勢のためにエルゴノミックデザインを採用しています。
C1 adverb ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪ.kli

intrinsically

本質的に
Meaning
In a way that is naturally or inherently part of something's essential nature.
Example
Some people are intrinsically motivated to learn.
いくつかの人々は本質的に学ぶことに動機づけられている。
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

詰まる / 木靴
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
シンクは食べ物のゴミで詰まっていました。
C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

騎士道
Meaning
The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.
Example
The knight lived by the code of chivalry.
騎士は騎士道の規範に従って生きていました。
C1 noun /draɪ ˈtʃɪl.i/

Dry Chilli

乾燥唐辛子
Meaning
dried chili peppers used as spice for adding heat to food
Example
The recipe calls for two dry chillies to make it spicy.
レシピにはそれを辛くするために2つの乾燥唐辛子が必要です。
C1 noun /dɪˈfɔː.mə.ti/

Deformity

変形; 身体的欠陥
Meaning
a distorted or unnatural shape or form; physical malformation
Example
The accident caused a permanent deformity in his left hand.
事故は彼の左手に永続的な変形を引き起こしました。
C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

放蕩
Meaning
Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.
Example
The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.
その小説は、放蕩的なライフスタイルを持つキャラクターを描いています。
C1 noun /ˈfɒdər/

fodder

飼料
Meaning
food for livestock such as cattle, horses, or sheep; also something considered of little value but used to supply a demand
Example
The farmer stored enough fodder for the cattle to last through winter.
農家は家畜が冬を越せるように十分な飼料を貯めておいた。
C1 verb, noun /miˈændər/

meander

ぶらぶら歩く
Meaning
to wander aimlessly or follow a winding course
Example
We meandered through the old streets of the city.
私たちは街の古い通りをぶらぶら歩きました。
C1 noun /ˌætəˈʃeɪ/

attache

外交官補
Meaning
A person officially assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission, often with a specific area of responsibility.
Example
The cultural attache organized an art exhibition in the embassy.
文化担当のアタッシェが大使館で芸術展を開催しました。
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

塗る / 中傷する
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
子供が壁にペンキを塗った。
C1 verb /trænˈspaɪər/

transpire

発生する
Meaning
to occur, happen, or become known
Example
It transpired that he had lied about his age.
彼が年齢について嘘をついていたことが明らかになった。
C1 verb /slɪŋk/

slink

忍び寄る
Meaning
to move quietly and secretly, often to avoid being noticed
Example
The cat slunk into the room without making a sound.
その猫は音を立てずに部屋に忍び込んだ。
C1 noun /rɪˈpɛərə/

repairer

修理人
Meaning
a person whose job is to fix damaged or broken things
Example
The repairer fixed the broken washing machine quickly.
修理人は壊れた洗濯機をすぐに直した。
C1 noun /kənˈvʌl.ʃən/

convulsion

痙攣
Meaning
a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscles; a seizure
Example
The medicine helped prevent convulsions in children.
薬は子供たちの痙攣を防ぐのに役立ちました。
C1 adjective /ɔːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/

Audacious

大胆
Meaning
showing willingness to take bold risks; daring
Example
His audacious plan to climb the mountain without proper equipment shocked everyone.
彼の大胆な計画は、適切な装備なしで山を登ろうとすることで、全員を驚かせた。
C1 noun /ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːrd/

avantgarde

アバンギャルド
Meaning
people or works that are innovative, experimental, and ahead of their time
Example
The avantgarde of the 20th century reshaped modern art.
20世紀のアバンギャルドは現代アートを再形成した。
C1 adjective /ɡlʌm/

Glum

憂鬱な; 落ち込んだ; 元気がない
Meaning
sad; dejected; downcast; gloomy
Example
He looked glum after hearing the bad news.
彼は悪いニュースを聞いた後、元気がなく見えました。
C1 noun /ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt/

affidavit

宣誓供述書
Meaning
a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court
Example
The witness submitted an affidavit to the court.
証人は裁判所にアフィダビットを提出しました。
C1 noun /əˈtaɪər/

attire

衣装
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or elegant wear.
Example
She wore traditional attire at the wedding ceremony.
彼女は結婚式で伝統的な衣装を着ていた。
C1 adjective dɒɡˈmæt.ɪk

dogmatic

教条的
Meaning
Being inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true; characterized by arrogant assertion of unproven principles.
Example
His dogmatic approach to politics made discussions difficult.
彼の教条的なアプローチは、議論を難しくしました。
C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

Meaning
To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.
Example
The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.
C1 verb /ˈhæmpər/

hamper

妨げる
Meaning
to hinder or impede the movement or progress of
Example
The heavy rain hampered our travel plans.
強い雨が私たちの旅行計画を妨げました。
C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

シルクの布
Meaning
fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms
Example
The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.
花嫁はシルクの布で作られた美しいドレスを着ていました。
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːbiəs/

dubious

疑わしい
Meaning
Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.
Example
She gave him a dubious look after hearing his excuse.
彼女は彼の言い訳を聞いた後、疑わしい目で彼を見ました。
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

抜粋
Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
先生は小説から一節を読みました。
C1 noun /ˈdaʊri/

dowry

持参金
Meaning
Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
Example
The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures.
いくつかの文化では、持参金の伝統が今でも守られています。
C1 noun /ˈlaɪk.nəs/

Likeness

類似性; 似ていること
Meaning
the fact or quality of being alike; resemblance; a portrait or representation
Example
The portrait shows a strong likeness to her grandmother.
ポートレートは彼女の祖母に強い類似性を示しています。
C1 noun /suˈpriː.mə.si/

Supremacy

至高性; 最高の権威または力
Meaning
the state of being supreme; highest authority or power
Example
The country established naval supremacy in the region.
その国は地域で海軍の至高性を確立しました。
C1 noun /ˈfɪʃˌmʌŋ.ɡər/

fishmonger

魚屋
Meaning
a person or store that sells fish
Example
I bought fresh salmon from the local fishmonger.
私は地元の魚屋で新鮮なサーモンを買いました。
C1 verb /ˈkænvəs/

canvass

投票を求める
Meaning
to solicit votes or opinions; to examine thoroughly; to discuss in detail
Example
They will canvass the neighborhood for votes.
彼らは投票のために近隣を回るでしょう。
C1 noun ˈlɪniɪdʒ

Lineage

家系
Meaning
Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
Example
Tracing your lineage can reveal unknown ancestors.
自分の家系を追跡することで、未知の先祖が明らかになることがあります。
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒɪst/

dermatologist

皮膚科医
Meaning
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases.
Example
She consulted a dermatologist for her skin allergy.
彼女は皮膚のアレルギーのために皮膚科医に相談した。
C1 verb /ˌriːˈvæmp/

revamp

改装
Meaning
To give a new and improved form, structure, or appearance to something.
Example
The company decided to revamp its website for a modern look.
その企業は、モダンな外観のためにウェブサイトをリヴァンプすることを決定しました。
C1 adjective kəʊˈhiː.sɪv

cohesive

結束力のある
Meaning
Characterized by or causing cohesion; forming a united whole.
Example
The team displayed a cohesive strategy.
チームは一体感のある戦略を示しました。
C1 noun /ˈrɛtɪsəns/

reticence

沈黙
Meaning
the quality of being reserved or unwilling to speak freely
Example
His reticence made it difficult to know what he was thinking.
彼の沈黙は、彼が何を考えているのかを知るのを難しくしました。
C1 verb /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

substantiate

立証する
Meaning
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Example
The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.
弁護士は確かな証拠でその主張を立証しようとしました。
C1 noun /ˈrɪɡər/

rigor

厳格さ
Meaning
strictness, severity, or demanding conditions
Example
The training was carried out with great rigor.
訓練は大変厳格に行われました。
C1 adjective ʌnˈpær.ə.leld

Unparalleled

比類のない
Meaning
Having no equal; unmatched, peerless, and supreme in quality or achievement.
Example
The unparalleled beauty of the Taj Mahal amazes visitors.
タージ・マハルの比類のない美しさが訪問者を驚かせます。