C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

収束する

Meaning

to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level

Example

After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.

嵐の後、洪水は収束し始めました。

C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

風味のある（塩辛いまたは辛い）

Meaning

Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.

Example

The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.

そのレストランはさまざまな風味のある料理を提供しています。

C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

生存のための食物または支援

Meaning

Food or support necessary for sustaining life

Example

Water is essential for human sustenance.

水は人間の生存に欠かせない。

C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

不機嫌な

Meaning

bad-tempered and unfriendly

Example

The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.

水をもっと頼んだとき、ウェイターは不機嫌な顔をしました。

C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

頁岩

Meaning

a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers

Example

The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.

その地域は頁岩と天然ガスの埋蔵量が豊富です。

C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

不道徳な、汚い、または低品質な

Meaning

morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality

Example

He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.

彼はダウンタウンのスリージーなナイトクラブを避けた。

C1 noun/verb /smʌdʒ/

smudge

汚れ, スマッジ

Meaning

a dirty mark or smear; to make something dirty or unclear by rubbing or touching

Example

She accidentally smudged her lipstick on the napkin.

彼女はうっかりナプキンにリップスティックをつけてしまった。

C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/

seismic

地震の

Meaning

Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.

Example

The region is known for its seismic activity.

その地域は地震活動で知られています。

C1 noun /ˈstɪm.jʊ.laɪ/

stimuli

刺激

Meaning

Things that create reactions or provide motivation.

Example

Bright light and loud sounds are common stimuli for alertness.

明るい光と大きな音は、警戒のための一般的な刺激です。

C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

抑制

Meaning

the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions

Example

The suppression of free speech led to protests.

言論の自由の抑制は抗議を引き起こした。

C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

ステレオタイプ

Meaning

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Example

Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.

人種に基づいたステレオタイプは有害です。

C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

擦り傷

Meaning

to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing

Example

He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.

彼は歩道で靴を擦り傷をつけた。

C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

行き詰まり

Meaning

A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.

Example

Negotiations ended in a stalemate.

交渉は行き詰まりました。

C1 noun /ˈsʌtlti/

subtlety

微妙

Meaning

The quality or state of being subtle.

Example

She understood the subtlety of the situation.

彼女は状況の微妙さを理解しました。

C1 noun /ˈsɔːrsəri/

sorcery

魔法

Meaning

the use of magical powers, especially through spells and enchantments

Example

The villagers believed the illness was caused by sorcery.

村人たちは病気が魔法によって引き起こされたと信じていました。

C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

ストイック主義

Meaning

The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.

Example

His stoicism during hardship was admirable.

困難な時に彼のストイック主義は賞賛に値した。

C1 adjective /ˈspɛərɪŋ/

sparing

控えめ / 節約

Meaning

Using or giving only a little of something; economical.

Example

She is sparing in her use of words.

彼女は言葉を使うのを控えめにしています。

C1 noun /ˌsɛnsɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən/

sensitization

感作化

Meaning

The process of becoming sensitive to a substance, situation, or influence.

Example

The doctor warned about the sensitization caused by repeated exposure to chemicals.

医者は化学物質への繰り返しの暴露によって引き起こされる感作化について警告しました。

C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

引き裂く

Meaning

to tear or cut something into small pieces

Example

She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.

彼女は古い書類を捨てる前にシュレッドした。

C1 noun /ˈsɪməli/

simile

直喩

Meaning

A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another using 'like' or 'as'.

Example

She used a simile to describe her eyes as bright as stars.

彼女は自分の目を星のように明るいと表現するために直喩を使いました。

C1 verb /ˈstæɡ.neɪt/

stagnate

停滞する

Meaning

to stop developing, progressing, or moving

Example

Without innovation, the business will stagnate.

革新がなければ、ビジネスは停滞する。

C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

主観的

Meaning

based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts

Example

Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.

美しさはしばしば主観的な概念と見なされます。

C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

求婚者

Meaning

a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry

Example

She had many suitors vying for her attention.

彼女には彼女の注意を争う求婚者がたくさんいた。

C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

隔離する, 隠す

Meaning

To isolate or hide away.

Example

The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.

木々によって捕えられた炭素は、何年も隔離されることがあります。

C1 adjective sɪˈmæn.tɪk

semantic

言語における意味に関連する

Meaning

Related to meaning in language; concerning the interpretation of words and sentences.

Example

AI models use semantic analysis to understand context.

AIモデルはコンテキストを理解するためにセマンティック分析を使用します。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɒlvənt/

solvent

溶剤, 債務を支払う能力

Meaning

a liquid that dissolves other substances; also means able to pay debts

Example

Acetone is a common solvent used in laboratories.

アセトンは実験室でよく使われる溶剤です。

C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

スタンザ

Meaning

a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song

Example

The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.

その詩は自然を描写するスタンザで始まります。

C1 verb /sʌlk/

sulk

むくれる

Meaning

to be silent and bad-tempered because you are angry or disappointed

Example

She sulked in her room after the argument.

議論の後、彼女は自分の部屋でむくれていた。

C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

汚名

Meaning

a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality

Example

There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.

多くの社会では、精神的な健康問題に関して未だに汚名がついています。

C1 noun /ˈspɛktər/

specter

幽霊

Meaning

A ghost or spirit; something that causes fear or dread.

Example

The specter of war still haunts the region.

戦争の幽霊は今でもその地域をおびやかしています。

C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

幽霊のような

Meaning

Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.

Example

The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.

古い館には夜、幽霊のような雰囲気が漂っていた。

C1 noun /ˈskaɪ.lɑːrk/

Sky-Lark

ヒバリ

Meaning

a small brown bird known for singing while flying high in the sky

Example

The skylark sang beautifully as it soared above the meadow.

ヒバリは草地の上を飛びながら美しく歌った。

C1 noun ˈsɪn.tæks

syntax

構文

Meaning

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.

Example

Programming languages follow strict syntax rules.

プログラミング言語は厳格な構文ルールに従います。

C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

破壊的

Meaning

seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority

Example

The group was banned for its subversive activities.

そのグループは破壊的な活動のために禁止された。

C1 noun /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/

serendipity

幸運な偶然

Meaning

The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.

Example

Finding that old photo album was pure serendipity.

その古い写真アルバムを見つけたのはまさに幸運な偶然だった。

C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

シルクの布

Meaning

fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms

Example

The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.

花嫁はシルクの布で作られた美しいドレスを着ていました。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəs/

sensuous

官能的

Meaning

Relating to or affecting the senses rather than the intellect; pleasing to the senses.

Example

The garden was filled with sensuous colors and fragrances.

庭は官能的な色と香りで満たされていた。

C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

サフラン

Meaning

a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers

Example

The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.

サフランの生地は日光の下で美しく見えました。

C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

短くて太い

Meaning

short and thick; having a short, thick appearance

Example

The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.

その短くて太い小さな犬は、興奮して尾を振っていました。

C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

焦がす

Meaning

to burn the surface of something slightly

Example

The fire scorched the walls of the building.

火事が建物の壁を焦がした。

C1 adjective /spɑːrs/

sparse

まばら

Meaning

thinly scattered or distributed; not dense or abundant

Example

Vegetation was sparse in the desert.

砂漠では植生がまばらだった。

C1 verb /səbˈsɪst/

subsist

生き延びる

Meaning

To maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.

Example

Many villagers still subsist on fishing and farming.

多くの村人は今でも漁業と農業で生計を立てています。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəl/

sensual

官能的

Meaning

Relating to or involving gratification of the senses and physical pleasure.

Example

The painting had a sensual quality that captivated viewers.

その絵は視覚的な魅力があり、観客を魅了しました。

C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

どもる

Meaning

To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.

Example

The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.

緊張した学生はスピーチ中にどもり始めた。

C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

持続可能な実践

Meaning

Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.

Example

Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.

持続可能な実践は環境保護にとって重要です。

C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

しわになる

Meaning

To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.

Example

The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.

花は暑い太陽の下でしわになった。

C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

部下

Meaning

lower in rank or position; to treat as less important

Example

He manages ten subordinates in his department.

彼は自分の部署で10人の部下を管理しています。

C1 verb/noun /snɑːrl/

snarl

唸り声、渋滞

Meaning

to growl aggressively with bared teeth; a tangle or mess

Example

The dog snarled at the stranger near the gate.

犬はゲート近くの見知らぬ人に唸った。

C1 adjective /ˈstæɡ.nənt/

Stagnant

停滞した; 動かない; 発展していない

Meaning

not moving or flowing; showing no activity or development

Example

The stagnant water in the pond was covered with algae.

池の中の停滞した水は藻で覆われていました。

C1 adjective /ˈskɔːrnfəl/

Scornful

軽蔑的な

Meaning

showing contempt or disdain; expressing scorn

Example

She gave him a scornful look when he made the rude comment.

彼が無礼なコメントをしたとき、彼女は軽蔑の目で彼を見た。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃənt/

sentient

感覚的

Meaning

Able to perceive or feel things.

Example

Humans are sentient beings capable of reasoning.

人間は推論する能力を持った感覚的存在です。

C1 verb /ˈspɪərˌhɛd/

spearhead

先導する

Meaning

to lead or initiate an action, project, or movement

Example

She spearheaded the campaign for environmental awareness.

彼女は環境意識のキャンペーンを先導しました。

C1 adjective /ˈskɛtʃi/

sketchy

不完全

Meaning

not thorough or detailed; suspicious or unsafe

Example

The details of the project were still sketchy.

プロジェクトの詳細はまだ不完全でした。

C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

生み出す

Meaning

to produce or generate, often in large numbers

Example

The video game has spawned many sequels.

そのビデオゲームは多くの続編を生み出しました。

C1 noun /spæt/

spat

小さな口論

Meaning

a short, petty quarrel or argument

Example

They had a brief spat about who should do the dishes.

誰が皿を洗うべきかについて小さな口論がありました。

C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

戦闘的 / 散らかった

Meaning

Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.

Example

Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.

小さくても、彼は戦闘的な戦士でした。

C1 noun /ˈstæl.i.ən/

stallion

繁殖用の牡馬

Meaning

An adult male horse that is not castrated, often used for breeding.

Example

The farm owns a powerful stallion for breeding purposes.

その農場は繁殖用の強力なスタリオンを所有しています。

C1 verb /sleɪ/

slay

Meaning

to kill violently; informally, to impress greatly

Example

The hero vowed to slay the dragon.

C1 adjective /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

stringent

厳格

Meaning

strict, precise, and exacting

Example

The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis.

政府は危機の間に厳しい措置を課しました。

C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

投機家

Meaning

A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.

Example

The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.

不動産投機家は、土地の価値が上がることを期待して土地を購入しました。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌl.ki/

Sulky

不機嫌で無口; 気分屋

Meaning

bad-tempered and sullen; moody

Example

The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy.

その子供はお気に入りのおもちゃが手に入らなかったとき、不機嫌になった。

C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

磨く / 徹底的に探す

Meaning

to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly

Example

She scoured the kitchen until it shone.

彼女はキッチンを磨いて、ピカピカにしました。

C1 noun/verb /spuːf/

spoof

ユーモアのある模倣

Meaning

A humorous imitation of something, or to trick or parody someone or something.

Example

The comedian spoofed the politician’s speech to entertain the audience.

コメディアンは政治家の演説を模倣して観客を楽しませました。

C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

特定の物事によって影響を受けやすい、または損傷を受けやすい

Meaning

Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.

Example

Children are more susceptible to infections.

子供は感染症にかかりやすいです。

C1 noun /ˌsəʊ.ʃi.əʊˈek.ə.nɒm.ɪk ˈprɒɡ.res/

socioeconomic progress

社会経済的進歩

Meaning

Advancement in both social and economic conditions of a society or community.

Example

Socioeconomic progress uplifts marginalized communities.

社会経済的進歩は、疎外されたコミュニティを引き上げます。

C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

自給自足

Meaning

the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence

Example

The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.

その農場は食品生産において完全な自給自足を達成しました。

C1 verb /snɪp/

snip

切る

Meaning

to cut something quickly with scissors or a sharp tool

Example

She snipped the loose thread from her dress.

彼女はドレスの緩んだ糸を切りました。

C1 noun /səˈlɛmnɪti/

solemnity

厳粛

Meaning

the state or quality of being serious and dignified

Example

The ceremony was conducted with great solemnity.

式典は厳粛な雰囲気の中で行われました。

C1 noun /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

supposition

仮定

Meaning

An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.

Example

His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.

彼の計画は、市場がすぐに回復するという仮定に基づいていました。

C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

沈める

Meaning

to put under water or cover with liquid

Example

The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.

洪水の水が村を沈めると脅かしていました。

C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

負債を超える資産の所有; 借金を返済する能力

Meaning

The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.

Example

The company's solvency improved after restructuring.

会社のソルベンシーは再編成後に改善されました。

C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

痩せ細った

Meaning

very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy

Example

The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.

その痩せ細った少年は重いバッグをほとんど持ち上げることができなかった。

C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

素晴らしい

Meaning

Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.

Example

She gave a stellar performance in the play.

彼女は劇中で素晴らしいパフォーマンスを披露しました。

C1 noun ˈsʌb.tɛkst

subtext

サブテキスト

Meaning

Hidden meaning or message behind spoken or written words

Example

The subtext of his speech suggested disagreement.

彼のスピーチのサブテキストは、意見の不一致を示唆していた。

C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

怒りで煮えたぎる

Meaning

To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.

Example

She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.

彼女は不公平な決定の後、怒りで煮えたぎっていました。

C1 noun /sɪˈnɪləti/

senility

老衰

Meaning

The state of being old and showing the weaknesses of age, especially mental decline.

Example

His forgetfulness was attributed to senility.

彼の忘れっぽさは老衰によるものとされました。

C1 adjective /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/

simulated

シミュレートされた

Meaning

Artificially created to look real but not actually real.

Example

The pilot trained in a simulated flight environment.

パイロットはシミュレートされた飛行環境で訓練しました。

C1 noun /ˈsɪndɪkət/

syndicate

シンジケート

Meaning

A group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest or carry out a business venture.

Example

A syndicate of investors bought the struggling company.

投資家のシンジケートが困難な会社を買収しました。

C1 adjective /ˈstrɛnjuəs/

strenuous

厳しい

Meaning

Requiring or using great effort and energy.

Example

Climbing the mountain was a strenuous task.

山登りは厳しい仕事だった。

C1 adjective /ˈswɛltərɪŋ/

sweltering

うだるような暑さ

Meaning

uncomfortably hot

Example

The sweltering heat made it hard to work.

うだるような暑さで仕事が難しくなった。

C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

至点

Meaning

the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)

Example

People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.

人々は夏至を祝うために祭りや儀式を行います。

C1 noun /ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrdʒ/

surcharge

追加料金

Meaning

an additional charge or payment added to the usual cost

Example

The airline ticket had a fuel surcharge added to it.

航空券に燃料サーチャージが追加されていました。

C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

魚の群れ

Meaning

a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water

Example

We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.

私たちは海岸近くで魚の群れを見ました。

C1 noun ˈsɪnədʒi

synergy

相乗効果, 協力

Meaning

The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

Example

The synergy between the two companies led to a successful partnership.

二つの会社間の相乗効果により、成功したパートナーシップが生まれました。

C1 noun /ˌsɪmbɪˈəʊsɪs/

symbiosis

共生関係

Meaning

A mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.

Example

The symbiosis between the two companies led to mutual growth.

二つの会社間の共生関係は相互成長につながった。

C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

統計学者

Meaning

A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.

Example

The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.

統計学者は調査結果を明確に示しました。

C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

非常に汚い

Meaning

extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect

Example

He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.

彼は壊れた家具のある汚い部屋に住んでいた。

C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪkəl/

satirical

風刺的

Meaning

containing or using satire to criticize or mock

Example

The satirical cartoon mocked the government's new policy.

その風刺的な漫画は政府の新しい政策を嘲笑しました。

C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

種でいっぱい; 汚くて評判が悪い; 廃れた

Meaning

squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds

Example

They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.

彼らは夜に汚くて評判が悪い街の部分を歩くのを避けていた。

C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

悪臭

Meaning

A very strong and unpleasant smell.

Example

The stench of garbage filled the alley.

ゴミの臭いが路地を満たした。

C1 noun /ˌspɒn.təˈneɪ.ɪ.ti/

spontaneity

自発性

Meaning

The quality of being spontaneous; natural and unplanned behavior.

Example

His spontaneity makes him a great conversationalist.

彼の自発性は彼を素晴らしい会話者にします。

C1 adjective /ˈsæk.rəˌsæŋkt/

sacrosanct

神聖不可侵

Meaning

Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with; sacred.

Example

Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.

言論の自由は民主主義社会では神聖不可侵と見なされています。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

雑多な

Meaning

Various or miscellaneous.

Example

The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.

その店は果物、衣類、そして雑多な商品を販売しています。

C1 noun /ˈskaʊndrəl/

scoundrel

悪党

Meaning

a dishonest or unscrupulous person; a villain

Example

That scoundrel cheated the old man out of his savings.

その悪党は老人から貯金を騙し取った。

C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

熱中症

Meaning

a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures

Example

The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.

その労働者は一日中外で働いた後、日射病にかかりました。

C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

硬貨

Meaning

money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit

Example

The transaction was made in specie.

取引は硬貨で行われました。

C1 verb /ˈsætəˌraɪz/

satirize

風刺する

Meaning

to mock or criticize something using satire

Example

The play satirizes the greed of modern corporations.

その劇は現代の企業の貪欲さを風刺しています。

C1 noun /sɪlt/

silt

シルト

Meaning

Fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.

Example

The river deposited layers of silt along its banks.

川はその岸にシルトの層を堆積させた。

C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

昏迷

Meaning

a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility

Example

He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.

彼は衝撃的なニュースを聞いた後、昏迷状態に陥った。

C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

塩分, 塩濃度

Meaning

The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.

Example

The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.

海洋の塩分は深さと場所によって異なります。

C1 noun /ˌsɒl.jʊˈbɪləti/

solubility

溶解度

Meaning

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Example

The solubility of salt in water is high.

塩の水における溶解度は高い。

C1 noun /ˈsaɪ.ən/

scion

子孫

Meaning

a descendant of a wealthy, aristocratic, or influential family

Example

He is the scion of a wealthy industrialist family.

彼は裕福な実業家の家族の子孫です。

C1 noun /ˈsɜːr.vɪ.tuːd/

Servitude

奴隷状態

Meaning

the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful

Example

Many people fought to escape the servitude imposed by the colonial system.

多くの人々が、植民地制度によって課せられた隷属から逃れようと戦った。

C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

宗派的

Meaning

relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict

Example

The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.

この地域は数十年にわたり宗派的な暴力に悩まされてきました。

C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

切る、関係を断つ

Meaning

to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship

Example

He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.

彼は争いの後、会社との関係を断たなければならなかった。

C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

脱退する

Meaning

To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.

Example

Several states threatened to secede from the union.

いくつかの州は連邦から脱退すると脅迫した。

C1 verb /slɪŋk/

slink

忍び寄る

Meaning

to move quietly and secretly, often to avoid being noticed

Example

The cat slunk into the room without making a sound.

その猫は音を立てずに部屋に忍び込んだ。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌpl/

supple

柔軟な

Meaning

Easily bending or moving without breaking; flexible and adaptable.

Example

The gymnast’s body was remarkably supple.

その体操選手の体は驚くほど柔軟だった。

C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

効率化または効率を高める

Meaning

To make a process simpler and more efficient.

Example

The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.

会社はコスト削減のために生産の効率化を目指しています。

C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

克服する

Meaning

to overcome a difficulty or obstacle

Example

He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.

彼はすべての挑戦を乗り越えて夢を実現しました。

C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

堆積物

Meaning

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind

Example

The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.

川は洪水の間に堆積物を下流へ運んだ。

C1 verb /ˈʃækəl/

shackle

足かせ

Meaning

to chain or restrain; to restrict someone’s actions or freedom

Example

Outdated regulations shackle small businesses and slow innovation.

古い規制は小規模なビジネスを足かせし、革新を遅らせます。

C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

合計, 要約

Meaning

The process of adding things together; a summary of points.

Example

The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.

弁護士は事件の強力な要約を行った。

C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

シエラクラブ

Meaning

An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.

Example

John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.

ジョン・ミューアは1892年にシエラクラブを設立し、野生地帯を保護しました。

C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

軽く焼く

Meaning

To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.

Example

The fire singed his eyebrows.

火が彼の眉毛を焼きました。

C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

持続可能な技術

Meaning

Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.

Example

Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.

持続可能な技術は、よりクリーンな未来を保証します。

C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

分泌する

Meaning

to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ

Example

The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

膵臓は血糖値を調整するためにインスリンを分泌します。

C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

破片

Meaning

a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery

Example

He cut his finger on a shard of glass.

彼はガラスの破片で指を切った。

C1 noun/verb /ˈsuː.tʃər/

suture

縫合

Meaning

A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.

Example

The doctor used a suture to close the wound.

医者は傷を閉じるために縫合糸を使いました。

C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

ふるい

Meaning

a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting

Example

She used a sieve to strain the pasta.

彼女はパスタをこすためにふるいを使いました。

C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

無視する

Meaning

to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely

Example

He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.

彼は招待状が無視されたとき、傷ついたと感じた。