C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

Meaning

prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else

Example

She was too subservient to challenge his decision.

C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

奨学金

Meaning

a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance

Example

The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.

研究学生は生活費のために毎月奨学金を受け取ります。

C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

ケチる

Meaning

to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort

Example

Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.

新しいノートパソコンを買うときは、品質をケチらないでください。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɒlvənt/

solvent

溶剤, 債務を支払う能力

Meaning

a liquid that dissolves other substances; also means able to pay debts

Example

Acetone is a common solvent used in laboratories.

アセトンは実験室でよく使われる溶剤です。

C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

投げる、掛ける

Meaning

to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly

Example

He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.

彼は出発前に肩にバッグをかけた。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛn.sər.i/

sensory

感覚的

Meaning

Related to the five human senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).

Example

Sensory feedback enhances the VR experience.

感覚的フィードバックはVR体験を強化します。

C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

非常に汚い

Meaning

extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect

Example

He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.

彼は壊れた家具のある汚い部屋に住んでいた。

C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

戦闘的 / 散らかった

Meaning

Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.

Example

Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.

小さくても、彼は戦闘的な戦士でした。

C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

持続可能な技術

Meaning

Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.

Example

Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.

持続可能な技術は、よりクリーンな未来を保証します。

C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

ふるいにかける / 注意深く調べる

Meaning

to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely

Example

She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.

ケーキのミックスに加える前に、小麦粉をふるいにかけました。

C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

大混乱

Meaning

a state of complete disorder or ruin

Example

After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.

嵐の後、町全体が大混乱に陥った。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌpl/

supple

柔軟な

Meaning

Easily bending or moving without breaking; flexible and adaptable.

Example

The gymnast’s body was remarkably supple.

その体操選手の体は驚くほど柔軟だった。

C1 noun /ˈsɒnɪt/

sonnet

ソネット

Meaning

A poem of 14 lines using formal rhyme schemes, often about love.

Example

Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets about love and beauty.

シェイクスピアは愛と美について多くの有名なソネットを書きました。

C1 noun /streɪt/

strait

海峡

Meaning

A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.

Example

The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

ジブラルタル海峡は大西洋と地中海を繋いでいます。

C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

しかめっ面をする

Meaning

To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.

Example

She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.

彼女は不公平なコメントを聞いてしかめっ面をした。

C1 adjective /sɑːrˈdɒnɪk/

sardonic

幸福

Meaning

Grimly mocking or cynical.

Example

She gave him a sardonic smile after hearing his excuse.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠すことができませんでした。

C1 adjective /ˈstɪltɪd/

stilted

不自然な、堅苦しい

Meaning

Speech or writing that is stiff, unnatural, or overly formal.

Example

His speech sounded stilted and rehearsed.

彼のスピーチは不自然で練習されたように聞こえた。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌltri/

sultry

蒸し暑く湿った、魅力的な

Meaning

Uncomfortably hot and humid; also describes someone attractive in a passionate or sensual way.

Example

The sultry weather made it hard to focus on work.

蒸し暑い天気は仕事に集中するのを難しくしました。

C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

きちんと整頓された; よく整理された; 良好な状態

Meaning

neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized

Example

Everything was shipshape before the inspection.

検査の前にすべてが完璧でした。

C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

地下

Meaning

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

Example

Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.

地下の水源は農業の維持に役立ちます。

C1 noun /ˈspɛktər/

specter

幽霊

Meaning

A ghost or spirit; something that causes fear or dread.

Example

The specter of war still haunts the region.

戦争の幽霊は今でもその地域をおびやかしています。

C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

生計

Meaning

The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.

Example

Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.

多くの農民は自給農業に依存しています。

C1 /skwɒt/

squat

しゃがむ

Meaning

to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground

Example

He squatted down to tie his shoes.

彼は靴を結ぶためにしゃがんだ。

C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

経験豊富な / 味付けされた

Meaning

Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.

Example

She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.

彼女は20年以上の経験を持つベテランの教師です。

C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

冒涜的

Meaning

Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.

Example

The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.

その絵画は冒涜的だと批判されました。

C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

生み出す

Meaning

to produce or generate, often in large numbers

Example

The video game has spawned many sequels.

そのビデオゲームは多くの続編を生み出しました。

C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

主権の, 最高の

Meaning

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.

Example

The sovereign government has control over its currency.

主権政府は自国の通貨を管理している。

C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

詐欺師

Meaning

a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain

Example

The police finally caught the notorious swindler.

警察はついに悪名高い詐欺師を捕まえた。

C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

静かで平和な

Meaning

Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.

Example

The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.

湖は静かで平和な雰囲気を持っていました。

C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

盲目; 視力なし

Meaning

unable to see; blind; lacking vision

Example

The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.

盲目の男性はガイド犬と一緒に通りを歩きました。

C1 noun /ˈstreɪnər/

Strainer

こし器

Meaning

a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid

Example

Use a strainer to drain the pasta water.

パスタの水を切るためにこし器を使ってください。

C1 adjective /sɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

symmetrical

対称的

Meaning

having parts on either side that match or are the same in shape, size, or arrangement

Example

The artist designed a symmetrical pattern on the floor.

アーティストは床に対称的なパターンをデザインしました。

C1 noun /ˈseɪɑːns/

seance

霊的なセッション

Meaning

A meeting where people attempt to communicate with the spirits of the dead.

Example

They held a seance to contact their late grandmother.

彼らは亡くなった祖母と連絡を取るために霊的なセッションを開いた。

C1 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/

Supersonic

音速より速い; 音速を超える速度に関連する

Meaning

faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound

Example

The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier.

超音速ジェットは音の壁を破った。

C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

至点

Meaning

the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)

Example

People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.

人々は夏至を祝うために祭りや儀式を行います。

C1 adjective /ˈstætʃətɔːri/

statutory

法定

Meaning

Required, permitted, or enacted by law.

Example

The company must comply with all statutory regulations.

会社はすべての法定規制に従わなければならない。

C1 verb /slɪŋk/

slink

忍び寄る

Meaning

to move quietly and secretly, often to avoid being noticed

Example

The cat slunk into the room without making a sound.

その猫は音を立てずに部屋に忍び込んだ。

C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

切り替える

Meaning

to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another

Example

The train was shunted onto a different track.

列車は別の線路に切り替えられました。

C1 noun ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

sovereignty

主権

Meaning

The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; supreme power or authority.

Example

Sovereignty is essential for a nation's identity.

主権は国家のアイデンティティにとって不可欠です。

C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.ləs/

Shameless

恥知らず

Meaning

having no shame; bold and rude; impudent

Example

The shameless politician refused to apologize for his mistakes.

恥知らずな政治家は自分の過ちを謝罪することを拒んだ。

C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

制裁

Meaning

official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule

Example

The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.

政府はその国に対して経済制裁を科した。

C1 adjective /ˈsted.fæst/

Steadfast

不動の; 固い; 揺るがない

Meaning

firm in belief, determination, or adherence; unwavering

Example

She remained steadfast in her commitment to helping the poor.

彼女は貧しい人々を助けるという自分の誓いに不動であり続けました。

C1 noun /ˈsɛmbləns/

Semblance

外見; 偽りの形

Meaning

the outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different

Example

There was only a semblance of order in the chaotic office.

混沌としたオフィスには、秩序の外見だけがあった

C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

風味のある（塩辛いまたは辛い）

Meaning

Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.

Example

The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.

そのレストランはさまざまな風味のある料理を提供しています。

C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

ストイック主義

Meaning

The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.

Example

His stoicism during hardship was admirable.

困難な時に彼のストイック主義は賞賛に値した。

C1 noun /ˈstaɪləs/

stylus

スタイラス

Meaning

a small tool used for writing, drawing, or touching screens

Example

She used a stylus to draw on her tablet.

彼女はタブレットで絵を描くためにスタイラスを使用しました。

C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

かいこ

Meaning

the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric

Example

Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.

カイコは桑の葉を食べて、絹を生産します。

C1 noun /stɛlθ/

stealth

隠密、静かに動く

Meaning

The act of moving, doing, or achieving something quietly and secretly.

Example

The cat moved with stealth towards its prey.

猫は静かに獲物に向かって動いた。

C1 verb ˈsɪn.ɚ.dʒaɪz

synergize

効率を高めるために協力する。

Meaning

combine in such a way as to enhance effectiveness.

Example

The departments must synergize to improve efficiency.

部門は効率を向上させるためにシナージズしなければならない。

C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

自発的に

Meaning

In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.

Example

Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.

子供たちは仲間とのやり取りを通じて自然に学びます。

C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

鎌

Meaning

a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops

Example

The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.

農夫は伝統的な鎌を使って小麦を収穫しました。

C1 adjective /ˈspɛərɪŋ/

sparing

控えめ / 節約

Meaning

Using or giving only a little of something; economical.

Example

She is sparing in her use of words.

彼女は言葉を使うのを控えめにしています。

C1 noun /skraɪb/

scribe

書記

Meaning

a person who writes documents, especially in ancient times; a professional copyist

Example

In ancient Egypt, scribes recorded important events.

古代エジプトでは、スクライブは重要な出来事を記録しました。

C1 noun /ˈskeɪp.ɡəʊt/

Scapegoat

スケープゴート

Meaning

a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others

Example

He became the scapegoat for the team's poor performance.

彼はチームの悪いパフォーマンスのスケープゴートとなった。

C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

象徴主義

Meaning

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

Example

The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.

小説でのシンボリズムの使い方は見事です。

C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

樹液 / 弱める

Meaning

As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.

Example

The long journey began to sap his energy.

長い旅が彼のエネルギーを弱め始めた。

C1 verb /ˈsætəˌraɪz/

satirize

風刺する

Meaning

to mock or criticize something using satire

Example

The play satirizes the greed of modern corporations.

その劇は現代の企業の貪欲さを風刺しています。

C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

二流

Meaning

Of mediocre or inferior quality.

Example

The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.

その映画は面白かったが、オリジナルに比べて明らかに二流だった。

C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

不道徳な、汚い、または低品質な

Meaning

morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality

Example

He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.

彼はダウンタウンのスリージーなナイトクラブを避けた。

C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

懐疑論者

Meaning

A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.

Example

The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.

その科学者は確固たる証拠のない理論に懐疑的でした。

C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

吸う

Meaning

Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective

Example

The baby is sucking on a pacifier.

赤ちゃんが乳首を吸っています。

C1 noun /sɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

Seduction

誘惑; 誘惑

Meaning

the action of seducing someone; temptation to do something wrong

Example

He fell victim to the seduction of easy money.

彼は簡単な金儲けの誘惑に負けた。

C1 verb /struː/

strew

まき散らす

Meaning

to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area

Example

Clothes were strewn across the floor.

服が床に散らばっていた。

C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

分離主義者

Meaning

A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.

Example

The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.

分離主義者グループは中央政府からの独立を要求した。

C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

説教

Meaning

A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.

Example

The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.

牧師は思いやりと許しについて感動的な説教をしました。

C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

部下

Meaning

lower in rank or position; to treat as less important

Example

He manages ten subordinates in his department.

彼は自分の部署で10人の部下を管理しています。

C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːrlətɪv/

superlative

最上級

Meaning

Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.

Example

Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation.

彼女のパフォーマンスは最上級で、スタンディングオベーションを受けました。

C1 verb /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/

scrutinize

慎重に調べる

Meaning

Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.

Example

The scientist scrutinized the data before publishing his findings.

科学者は自分の発見を公開する前にデータを慎重に調べました。

C1 noun ˈsæŋktɪti

sanctity

神聖さ

Meaning

The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.

Example

The sanctity of life should never be compromised.

命の神聖さは決して妥協されるべきではない。

C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

幸せ

Meaning

to create or shape something by carving or molding

Example

The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。

C1 noun /ˈskrɪmɪdʒ/

scrimmage

練習試合

Meaning

A practice game or informal match, often in sports, especially football.

Example

The team had a scrimmage before the official season started.

チームは公式シーズンが始まる前に練習試合を行いました。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌlən/

sullen

むっつりした

Meaning

bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful

Example

She gave him a sullen look and walked away.

彼女はむっつりした表情を見せて、立ち去った。

C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

唾液

Meaning

the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands

Example

The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.

歯科医は彼女に口の中の唾液をすすぐように言った。

C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

嘲笑する

Meaning

to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way

Example

He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.

彼は海外に引っ越すというアイデアを嘲笑しました。

C1 verb /skwiːl/

squeal

叫ぶ

Meaning

to make a high-pitched cry; to inform on someone

Example

The children squealed with delight when they saw the surprise.

子供たちはサプライズを見て喜んで叫びました。

C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

回避する

Meaning

To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.

Example

The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.

政治家はその難しい質問を避けようとした。

C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

塩分侵入

Meaning

The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.

Example

Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.

塩分侵入は沿岸地域に影響を与える。

C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

木屑

Meaning

The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.

Example

The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.

床は大工仕事からの木屑で覆われていました。

C1 noun /ˌsəʊ.ʃi.əʊˈek.ə.nɒm.ɪk ˈprɒɡ.res/

socioeconomic progress

社会経済的進歩

Meaning

Advancement in both social and economic conditions of a society or community.

Example

Socioeconomic progress uplifts marginalized communities.

社会経済的進歩は、疎外されたコミュニティを引き上げます。

C1 noun /ˈsɜːr.vɪ.tuːd/

Servitude

奴隷状態

Meaning

the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful

Example

Many people fought to escape the servitude imposed by the colonial system.

多くの人々が、植民地制度によって課せられた隷属から逃れようと戦った。

C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

波

Meaning

a large number of things occurring in quick succession

Example

There has been a spate of robberies in the city.

市内で盗難が立て続けに発生しています。

C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

脱退する

Meaning

To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.

Example

Several states threatened to secede from the union.

いくつかの州は連邦から脱退すると脅迫した。

C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

材木職人

Meaning

a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation

Example

The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.

熟練した材木職人は丸太を板に切りました。

C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

けち

Meaning

unwilling to spend or give; miserly

Example

He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.

彼は友達へのプレゼントを買うにはあまりにけちだ。

C1 noun/verb /sleɪt/

slate

スレート / 予定する

Meaning

a fine-grained rock used for roofing or writing; to schedule or designate for a task

Example

The meeting is slated for next Monday.

ミーティングは次の月曜日に予定されています。

C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

持続可能な実践

Meaning

Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.

Example

Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.

持続可能な実践は環境保護にとって重要です。

C1 adjective /səˈnɔːrəs/

sonorous

深い音

Meaning

Deep, full, and rich in sound.

Example

The actor's sonorous voice filled the entire theater.

俳優のソノラスな声が劇場全体に響き渡った。

C1 verb /ˈskwɒndər/

squander

浪費する

Meaning

to waste money, time, or opportunities in a careless way

Example

He squandered his inheritance on gambling.

彼はギャンブルに遺産を浪費した。

C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

成層圏

Meaning

The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.

Example

The stratosphere provides a unique environment.

成層圏は特別な環境を提供します。

C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

重要な、顕著な、または目立つ

Meaning

Most important, prominent, or noticeable

Example

The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.

レポートは議論の重要な点を強調しました。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃənt/

sentient

感覚的

Meaning

Able to perceive or feel things.

Example

Humans are sentient beings capable of reasoning.

人間は推論する能力を持った感覚的存在です。

C1 verb /ˈsɪnɚdʒaɪzd/

synergized

シナジー効果が得られるようにする, 力を合わせる, 協力する

Meaning

Combine in such a way that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.

Example

The teams were synergized to maximize productivity.

チームは生産性を最大化するために協力しました。

C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

避ける

Meaning

to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility

Example

He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.

彼は仕事で責任を避けようといつも試みます。

C1 noun /ˈʃɜːrbət/

sherbet

シャーベット

Meaning

a sweet flavored drink or a frozen dessert made from sweetened fruit juice

Example

On hot days, she enjoys a glass of lemon sherbet.

暑い日には、彼女はレモンシャーベットを一杯楽しんでいます。

C1 noun, verb /səˈpiːnə/

subpoena

召喚状

Meaning

a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document

Example

The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.

証人は来週法廷に出廷するための召喚状を受け取った。

C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

強烈な暑さで苦しむ

Meaning

to suffer from intense heat

Example

We began to swelter in the midday sun.

私たちは真昼の太陽の下で汗だくになり始めました。

C1 adjective /ˈskɛtʃi/

sketchy

不完全

Meaning

not thorough or detailed; suspicious or unsafe

Example

The details of the project were still sketchy.

プロジェクトの詳細はまだ不完全でした。

C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

不機嫌な

Meaning

bad-tempered and unfriendly

Example

The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.

水をもっと頼んだとき、ウェイターは不機嫌な顔をしました。

C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

使用可能

Meaning

fit for use; usable; in working order

Example

The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.

その古い自転車は年齢に関係なく、まだ使用可能です。

C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

強化する

Meaning

To make something firm, strong, or more certain.

Example

The company solidified its position in the market.

その会社は市場での位置を固めました。

C1 adjective /stiːpt/

steeped

浸透した

Meaning

Completely surrounded by or filled with a particular quality, influence, or experience.

Example

The town is steeped in history and tradition.

町は歴史と伝統に浸透している。

C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

シエラクラブ

Meaning

An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.

Example

John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.

ジョン・ミューアは1892年にシエラクラブを設立し、野生地帯を保護しました。

C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

刈る

Meaning

to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears

Example

The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.

農夫は春に羊の毛を刈ります。

C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

威厳と壮大

Meaning

Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.

Example

The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.

その威厳ある邸宅は長いドライブウェイの終わりに立っていました。

C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

ステレオタイプ

Meaning

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Example

Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.

人種に基づいたステレオタイプは有害です。

C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

投機家

Meaning

A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.

Example

The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.

不動産投機家は、土地の価値が上がることを期待して土地を購入しました。

C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

可溶性

Meaning

able to be dissolved, especially in water

Example

Sugar is soluble in water.

砂糖は水に溶けやすい。

C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

固定観念的な

Meaning

Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.

Example

His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.

彼の固定観念的なジョークは観客を感動させられなかった。

C1 noun /ˈsɜːrtʃɑːrdʒ/

surcharge

追加料金

Meaning

an additional charge or payment added to the usual cost

Example

The airline ticket had a fuel surcharge added to it.

航空券に燃料サーチャージが追加されていました。

C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

慰め

Meaning

comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness

Example

She found solace in music after her loss.

彼女は失った後、音楽に慰めを見つけました。

C1 adjective /ˈspɪndli/

spindly

細くて弱い

Meaning

Long, thin, and weak-looking

Example

The spindly tree bent under the weight of the snow.

細い木が雪の重みで曲がった。

C1 adjective /ˈsʌl.ki/

Sulky

不機嫌で無口; 気分屋

Meaning

bad-tempered and sullen; moody

Example

The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy.

その子供はお気に入りのおもちゃが手に入らなかったとき、不機嫌になった。

C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

宗派

Meaning

a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs

Example

The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.

グループは教義の違いにより、異なる宗派に分かれました。

C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

皮肉な

Meaning

Relating to or using satire.

Example

The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.

その小説は都市生活を皮肉な視点で描いています。

C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

シルクの布

Meaning

fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms

Example

The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.

花嫁はシルクの布で作られた美しいドレスを着ていました。

C1 noun /slæb/

slab

スラブ

Meaning

a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or other hard material

Example

The workers laid a concrete slab for the foundation.

作業員たちは基礎のためにコンクリートのスラブを敷きました。

C1 adjective /sɔɪld/

soiled

汚れた

Meaning

dirty or stained; not clean

Example

His clothes were soiled after playing in the mud.

泥遊びをした後、彼の服は汚れていた。

C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

人里離れた

Meaning

Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.

Example

They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.

彼らは人里離れたビーチハウスで休暇を過ごしました。

C1 verb /ˈskʌr.i/

scurry

速く走る

Meaning

To move quickly with short, hurried steps.

Example

The mice scurried across the kitchen floor when the lights turned on.

ライトがついたとき、ネズミたちはキッチンの床を速く走った。

C1 noun speɪst ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən

spaced repetition

間隔反復

Meaning

A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention.

Example

Spaced repetition helps in long-term memory retention.

スペースド・リピティションは長期記憶を保持するのに役立ちます。

C1 noun /ˌsʌb.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən/

substitution

交換

Meaning

the action of replacing someone or something with another

Example

The substitution of the old system with the new one was difficult.

古いシステムを新しいシステムに置き換えることは難しかった。