squat
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C1 /skwɒt/

squat

しゃがむ
Meaning
to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground
Example
He squatted down to tie his shoes.
彼は靴を結ぶためにしゃがんだ。
C1 noun/verb /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊ/

torpedo

魚雷
Meaning
A self-propelled underwater missile; to attack or destroy something suddenly and forcefully.
Example
The submarine launched a torpedo at the enemy ship.
潜水艦は敵艦に向けてトーピードを発射した。
C1 verb, noun /træmp/

tramp

放浪者 / 重い足取りで歩く
Meaning
to walk heavily or noisily; a person who travels from place to place on foot, often homeless
Example
They tramped through the forest in heavy boots.
彼らは重いブーツを履いて森の中を歩きました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɛnsəbəl/

defensible

守ることができる / 正当化できる
Meaning
Capable of being protected against attack or criticism; justifiable.
Example
Her decision was legally defensible.
彼女の決定は法的に守ることができた。
C1 verb /snɪp/

snip

切る
Meaning
to cut something quickly with scissors or a sharp tool
Example
She snipped the loose thread from her dress.
彼女はドレスの緩んだ糸を切りました。
C1 verb /ˌæprɪˈhɛnd/

apprehend

逮捕する
Meaning
to arrest or seize someone; to understand or perceive something
Example
The police managed to apprehend the thief after a long chase.
警察は長い追跡の後、泥棒を捕まえることに成功した。
C1 verb /ˈrætɪfaɪ/

ratify

批准する
Meaning
to approve or confirm something officially, usually by law or formal consent
Example
The government ratified the trade agreement.
政府は貿易協定を批准しました。
C1 verb ˈdwɪn.dl

dwindle

減少する
Meaning
To diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength; to become progressively smaller.
Example
His savings dwindled due to unexpected expenses.
予期しない支出のため、彼の貯金は減少しました。
C1 verb /ˈɪə.mɑːrk/

earmark

指定する
Meaning
To designate funds, resources, or time for a particular purpose.
Example
The government has earmarked funds for education.
政府は教育のための資金を指定しました。
C1 noun ˈpraʊ.es

prowess

腕前
Meaning
Skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
Example
Prowess in sports enhances team strength.
スポーツでの腕前はチームの力を高めます。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

効果がない
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.
Example
The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.
マネージャーの効果がないリーダーシップは、チームがモチベーションを失う原因となった。
C1 noun /twɪt/

Twit

馬鹿; からかう
Meaning
a silly or foolish person; to tease or make fun of someone
Example
Don't be such a twit and listen carefully.
そんな馬鹿なことを言わないで、よく聞いて。
C1 noun /ˌklɔːstrəˈfəʊbiə/

claustrophobia

Meaning
an extreme or irrational fear of being in confined spaces
Example
He avoids elevators because of his claustrophobia.
C1 noun /ˈhɪr.seɪ/

Hearsay

噂
Meaning
information received from other people that one cannot adequately substantiate; rumor
Example
The accusations were based on hearsay rather than concrete evidence or eyewitness testimony.
その告発は、具体的な証拠や目撃者の証言ではなく、噂に基づいていました。
C1 noun ˈdaɪ.nə.sti

dynasty

王朝
Meaning
A line of hereditary rulers of a country; a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
Example
The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
明王朝は何世紀にもわたって中国を支配していました。
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

依存する / 代表団
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
出席は事前登録に依存しています。 / 学生の代表団が会議に出席しました。
C1 verb /nəˈsɛsɪteɪt/

necessitate

必要とする
Meaning
To make something necessary or unavoidable.
Example
The heavy rains necessitated the cancellation of the event.
激しい雨はイベントのキャンセルを避けられないものにしました。
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˌlɪl.i/

Water-lily

スイレン
Meaning
a floating flower that grows on the surface of ponds and lakes
Example
The white water-lily floated gracefully on the pond.
白いスイレンが池に優雅に浮かんでいました。
C1 noun, adjective /ˈɡʊrmeɪ/

gourmet

グルメ
Meaning
A person who appreciates fine food and drink; also refers to high-quality food.
Example
They went to a gourmet restaurant to celebrate their anniversary.
彼らは記念日を祝うためにグルメレストランに行きました。
C1 noun /woʊz/

woes

悩み
Meaning
great sorrow or distress; troubles
Example
The company faced financial woes after the market crash.
市場の崩壊後、会社は財政的な問題に直面しました。
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

pre-empt

Meaning
to act in advance to prevent an anticipated event from happening; forestall
Example
The government moved to pre-empt a crisis by introducing new policies.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

宇宙的, 広大な
Meaning
relating to the universe or cosmos; vast
Example
Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.
天文学者たちは宇宙を理解するためにコズミック現象を研究しています。
C1 adjective + noun njuˈtrɪʃəs krɒps

nutritious crops

栄養豊富な作物
Meaning
Plants or vegetables that are rich in nutrients and beneficial for health
Example
Winter vegetables are considered nutritious crops.
冬の野菜は栄養価の高い作物と見なされています。
C1 adjective /əˈrɛstɪŋ/

arresting

魅力的な
Meaning
Attracting attention in a striking or impressive way.
Example
The actress gave an arresting performance.
女優は魅力的な演技をしました。
C1 verb /ɔːrˈdeɪn/

ordain

Meaning
To officially make someone a priest or minister; to decree or order something officially.
Example
The bishop will ordain three new priests this Sunday.
C1 noun/verb /stæmˈpiːd/

stampede

パニック状態の群衆
Meaning
A sudden, uncontrolled rush of people or animals; to cause a mass movement.
Example
The loud noise caused a stampede of the crowd.
大きな音が群衆の中でスタンピードを引き起こしました。
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈhændɪd/

underhanded

不正
Meaning
acting or done in a dishonest or secret way
Example
They exposed the company's underhanded dealings with its suppliers.
彼らは会社とその供給者との不正取引を暴露しました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

inexcusable

許しがたい
Meaning
Too bad to be justified or overlooked; unforgivable.
Example
His rude behavior was inexcusable.
彼の無礼な行動は許しがたいものでした。
C1 adjective /rɪˈpres.ɪv/

Repressive

抑圧的な
Meaning
restraining freedom or preventing self-expression; oppressive
Example
The repressive government banned all forms of protest.
抑圧的な政府はすべての抗議の形態を禁止しました。
C1 noun /ˈkwɒn.dər.i/

Quandary

ジレンマ; 困惑
Meaning
a difficult situation where you cannot decide what to do; dilemma
Example
She was in a quandary about which job offer to accept.
彼女はどの仕事のオファーを受け入れるかを決めかねていた。
C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

悩まされる
Meaning
Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.
Example
People are plagued by anxiety and depression.
人々は不安と抑うつに悩まされています。
C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər

permaculture

パーマカルチャー
Meaning
The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.
Example
Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.
パーマカルチャーは自給自足の農業システムを促進します。
C1 exclamation /juˈriːkə/

eureka

ユーレカ!
Meaning
An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.
Example
When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'
解決策がついに彼に浮かんだとき、彼は叫んだ。 'ユーレカ!'
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

複雑な
Meaning
Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.
Example
His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.
彼の議論は非常に複雑で、誰も理解できませんでした。
C1 adjective /ˈdʒoʊ.vi.əl/

jovial

陽気な
Meaning
cheerful and friendly in manner
Example
He was in a jovial mood during the family gathering.
彼は家族の集まりで陽気な気分だった。
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪtɪŋ/

extenuating

軽減する
Meaning
serving to make a fault or an offense seem less serious
Example
She asked for leniency due to extenuating circumstances.
彼女は軽減する状況のために寛容を求めました。
C1 adjective /ˈflæʃi/

flashy

派手な, 目立つ
Meaning
ostentatious or showy in a way that attracts attention
Example
He drove a flashy sports car through the city streets.
彼は市街地を派手なスポーツカーで走った。
C1 noun /əˈnɒməli/

anomaly

異常
Meaning
something that deviates from the norm or expected result
Example
The sudden drop in temperature was considered an anomaly.
温度の急激な低下は異常と見なされました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

結果として起こる
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
議論の後、沈黙が続いた。
C1 adjective ɪkˈskwɪzɪt

exquisite

精緻
Meaning
Extremely beautiful and delicate.
Example
The exquisite craftsmanship of the watch made it a collector's item.
その時計の精巧な職人技がそれをコレクターアイテムにした。
C1 verb /dɪˈspɛns/

dispense

配布する
Meaning
To distribute or provide something, especially in portions.
Example
The machine dispenses clean drinking water.
その機械は清潔な飲料水を供給します。
C1 verb /ˈdæb.əl/

dabble

軽く取り組む
Meaning
To take part in an activity in a casual or superficial way.
Example
He dabbled in painting during his college days.
彼は大学時代に絵を描くことを楽しんでいた。
C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

暴君
Meaning
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
Example
The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.
暴君は恐怖と暴力で国を支配した。
C1 noun stɔːrm ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

storm intensification

嵐の強化
Meaning
The process by which storms become stronger and more severe in intensity.
Example
Storm intensification is linked to climate change.
嵐の強化は気候変動に関連しています。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːmiəbl/

impermeable

不透水の
Meaning
Not allowing fluid or gas to pass through.
Example
The container is made of impermeable plastic.
その容器は不透水のプラスチックでできています。
C1 noun /ˈhed.weɪ/

Headway

進展; 前進; 発展
Meaning
forward movement or progress, especially when this is slow or difficult
Example
Despite the challenges, the research team made significant headway in developing the new vaccine.
挑戦にもかかわらず、研究チームは新しいワクチンの開発において重要な進展を遂げました。
C1 noun /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːvər/

disbeliever

不信者
Meaning
a person who does not believe in something, especially a religion or idea
Example
He was called a disbeliever for rejecting the traditional faith.
彼は伝統的な信仰を拒否したため、不信者と呼ばれました。
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.və.naɪl/

Juvenile

未成年者; 若者
Meaning
a young person below the age of adult criminal responsibility; relating to young people
Example
The juvenile court handles cases involving young offenders under eighteen.
少年裁判所は、18歳未満の若年犯罪者に関する事件を扱います。
C1 noun /ˈkɑːmənˌwɛlθ/

commonwealth

コモンウェルス
Meaning
an independent community or state, especially one founded for the common good; also an association of nations
Example
Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
オーストラリアはコモンウェルス加盟国です。
C1 verb /ˈrɛzəneɪt/

resonate

共鳴する
Meaning
To produce or be filled with a deep, full, and reverberating sound; to evoke a feeling or memory.
Example
Her words resonated with the audience.
彼女の言葉は聴衆に響いた。
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

強化する
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
その会社は市場での位置を固めました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

結論が出ていない
Meaning
Not leading to a definite result or decision.
Example
The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.
証拠の不足により、調査は結論が出ていないままでした。
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/

Rigidity

剛性
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
古いシステムの剛性は、どんな革新も妨げました。
C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

導管 / 手段
Meaning
a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information
Example
The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.
ケーブルは保護された導管内に配置されました。
C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

編み込み
Meaning
a braid of hair or straw; to braid
Example
She decided to plait her hair before the party.
彼女はパーティーの前に髪を編むことに決めました。
C1 noun /ˈʌp.ʃɒt/

Upshot

結果; 結論
Meaning
the final result or outcome of a series of events; conclusion
Example
The upshot of the meeting was a decision to postpone the project.
会議の結果はプロジェクトの延期を決定することでした。
C1 noun /ˈpɪn.sərz/

Pincers

ピンセット
Meaning
a tool made of two curved or hinged pieces of metal used for gripping and pulling things
Example
The chef used pincers to remove the hot pot from the stove.
シェフはピンセットを使って、ストーブから熱い鍋を取り出しました。
C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

外部性
Meaning
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
Example
Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.
汚染は産業化の負の外部性です。
C1 verb /ˈsɪnɚdʒaɪzd/

synergized

シナジー効果が得られるようにする, 力を合わせる, 協力する
Meaning
Combine in such a way that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.
Example
The teams were synergized to maximize productivity.
チームは生産性を最大化するために協力しました。
C1 noun /ˈæk.jʊ.mən/

acumen

鋭さ
Meaning
The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions; keenness and depth of perception.
Example
His business acumen helped the company grow rapidly.
彼のビジネス鋭さは会社の急成長を助けた。
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/

contingency

緊急計画
Meaning
A provision for an unforeseen event or circumstance, especially in financial planning.
Example
The company has a contingency plan for economic downturns.
会社は経済的な後退に備えた緊急計画を持っています。
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/

misplace

間違った場所に置く
Meaning
To put something in the wrong location and temporarily lose it.
Example
I often misplace my keys when I am in a hurry.
急いでいるとき、よく鍵を間違った場所に置いてしまいます。
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

説教
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
牧師は思いやりと許しについて感動的な説教をしました。
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

衛生管理
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
定期的な衛生管理により、機器が無菌状態に保たれます。
C1 noun /ˈkɪŋ.fɪʃ.ər/

King-Fisher

カワセミ
Meaning
a small bird with bright blue and orange feathers that catches fish by diving into water
Example
The colorful kingfisher dove into the pond to catch a fish.
色とりどりのカワセミが池に飛び込んで魚を捕まえました。
C1 noun /ˈnɒs.trɪl/

Nostril

鼻孔
Meaning
either of the two openings in the nose through which air passes
Example
The doctor checked each nostril for any blockage.
医師は鼻孔のそれぞれをブロックがないか調べました。
C1 noun /əˈkɔːrdiən/

accordion

アコーディオン (楽器)
Meaning
a musical instrument played by squeezing and expanding with keys and buttons
Example
The musician played a cheerful tune on the accordion.
ミュージシャンはアコーディオンで陽気なメロディーを演奏しました。
C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

慣性; 活動の欠如
Meaning
a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement
Example
The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.
チームの慣性は、急速に変化する市場の状況に適応するのを妨げました。
C1 adjective /ˈtrænzvɜːrs/

transverse

横断的
Meaning
situated or lying across something
Example
The transverse road connects two highways.
横断的な道路は二つの高速道路を繋いでいます。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

稀な
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
彼は海外に移住した後、故郷にあまり頻繁に訪れることはありませんでした。
C1 adverb /ˈvælɪdli/

validly

有効に
Meaning
in a legally, logically, or officially acceptable manner
Example
The contract was validly signed by both parties.
契約は両当事者によって有効に署名されました。
C1 verb /ˈdɛnɪˌɡreɪt/

denigrate

貶める
Meaning
to criticize unfairly; to belittle or disparage someone or something
Example
He was quick to denigrate the achievements of his colleagues.
彼は同僚の業績をすぐに貶めました。
C1 adjective /ʌnˈɜːrθli/

unearthly

超自然的
Meaning
Strange or unnatural in a way that seems not of this world
Example
The forest was filled with an unearthly glow.
森は超自然的な輝きで満たされていました。
C1 adjective /oʊˈbiːs/

obese

肥満
Meaning
Extremely overweight; having an excessive amount of body fat.
Example
The doctor advised the obese patient to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
医者は肥満患者に健康的な生活様式を採用するように勧めました。
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

きらめく
Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
湖は月光の下で輝いていました。
C1 noun /ˈɡaɪ.zər/

geyser

間欠泉
Meaning
A natural hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam into the air.
Example
The geyser erupted, shooting water high into the sky.
そのガイザーが噴火し、水を空高く吹き上げました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd/

dispirited

落胆した
Meaning
Having lost enthusiasm, hope, or confidence; dejected.
Example
After losing the match, the team looked dispirited.
試合に負けた後、チームは落胆して見えた。
C1 noun /əˈbændənmənt/

abandonment

見捨て
Meaning
the act of leaving someone or something behind completely; the state of being deserted
Example
The child suffered deep emotional pain because of abandonment.
その子供は見捨てられたことで深い感情的な痛みを受けた。
C1 noun /djuːˈɛt/

duet

デュエット
Meaning
a musical performance by two singers or instrumentalists
Example
They sang a beautiful duet together on stage.
彼らはステージで一緒に美しいデュエットを歌った。
C1 adjective /ɪˈlʌstriəs/

illustrious

著名
Meaning
Well known, respected, and admired for past achievements.
Example
She had an illustrious career in medicine.
彼女は医学の分野で著名なキャリアを持っていた。
C1 noun məˈnɒp.əl.i

monopoly

独占
Meaning
The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
Example
The company has a monopoly on electric car production.
その会社は電気自動車の生産で独占しています。
C1 verb /dəˈmɛstɪkeɪt/

domesticate

家畜化する
Meaning
to tame an animal for use by humans; to adapt something for domestic use
Example
Humans domesticated dogs thousands of years ago.
人間は数千年前に犬を家畜化しました。
C1 noun /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

fungus

菌類
Meaning
a spore-producing organism feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, and mushrooms
Example
A strange fungus was growing on the old tree.
古い木に奇妙な菌類が生えていました。
C1 noun /ˈrɛtɪsəns/

reticence

沈黙
Meaning
the quality of being reserved or unwilling to speak freely
Example
His reticence made it difficult to know what he was thinking.
彼の沈黙は、彼が何を考えているのかを知るのを難しくしました。
C1 adjective /tɛk ˈdrɪv.ən/

tech-driven

テクノロジー駆動
Meaning
Powered or guided by technology; dependent on technological advancement for operation.
Example
The agricultural sector is becoming more tech-driven for higher efficiency.
農業セクターは、効率を高めるためにますますテクノロジー駆動になっています。
C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

手続き的な
Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.
委員会は手続き的なルールを厳格に守った。
C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

遅くて退屈な
Meaning
slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort
Example
The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.
その映画は面白かったが、真ん中で少し遅くて退屈だった。
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

わずかな
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
彼の主張を支持する証拠はほとんどなかった。
C1 noun /ˈen.mə.ti/

Enmity

敵意
Meaning
a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
Example
The enmity between the two families lasted for generations.
二つの家族間の敵意は世代を超えて続きました。
C1 adjective /nɪˈɡlɛktfʊl/

neglectful

無関心
Meaning
Failing to give proper care or attention.
Example
The neglectful parent left the child alone for hours.
無関心な親は子供を何時間も一人で放置した。
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɜːrloʊ/

furlough

一時休職
Meaning
temporary leave of absence from work, especially that granted to an employee or soldier
Example
Many workers were placed on furlough during the crisis.
多くの労働者は危機の間に休職させられました。
C1 noun, verb /ˈɔːtɒpsi/

autopsy

検死
Meaning
a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease
Example
The autopsy revealed that the victim had died from poisoning.
検死は、犠牲者が中毒で亡くなったことを明らかにしました。
C1 adverb /ˌʌnkənˈvɛnʃənəli/

unconventionally

型破りに
Meaning
in a way that is not based on or conforming to accepted standards or norms
Example
She dresses unconventionally, mixing bold colors and patterns that surprise everyone.
彼女は型破りに服装をしており、大胆な色と柄を組み合わせて皆を驚かせる。
C1 adjective /pərˈtɜːrbd/

perturbed

動揺した
Meaning
feeling anxious, unsettled, or disturbed
Example
He looked perturbed after hearing the bad news.
悪いニュースを聞いた後、彼は動揺しているように見えました。
C1 verb /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/

institutionalize

制度化する
Meaning
to establish something as a formal institution, custom, or practice
Example
The government seeks to institutionalize environmental protection.
政府は環境保護を制度化しようとしています。
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

奇妙で個人的な
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
彼の独特な行動は彼を同僚たちから区別させた。
C1 verb /ʌnˈɜːθ/

unearth

発掘する
Meaning
To dig up from the ground or to discover something hidden.
Example
Archaeologists unearthed ancient artifacts at the site.
考古学者たちはサイトで古代の遺物を発掘した。
C1 verb /skrɔːl/

scrawl

急いで乱雑に書く
Meaning
to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read
Example
He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.
彼はページの下部に署名をスクロールした。
C1 adjective /pəˈleɪ.ʃəl/

palatial

宮殿のような
Meaning
resembling a palace in being spacious and splendid
Example
They stayed in a palatial hotel during their vacation.
彼らは休暇中に宮殿のようなホテルに宿泊しました。
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.nər/

Mourner

喪に服する人
Meaning
a person who attends a funeral or shows grief for someone who has died
Example
The mourners gathered at the cemetery to pay their respects.
喪に服する人々は墓地に集まり、敬意を表しました。
C1 noun /ˌvɜːbəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

verbalization

言語化
Meaning
The action of expressing something in words.
Example
The verbalization of his thoughts was clear and direct.
彼の考えを言語化することは明確で直接的でした。
C1 adjective /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪ.tɪd/

inebriated

酔っ払った
Meaning
under the influence of alcohol; drunk
Example
He stumbled into the room completely inebriated.
彼は完全に酔っ払って部屋に入ってきた。
C1 noun /lɒft/

loft

ロフト
Meaning
An upper room or space, often under the roof of a building.
Example
She converted the old loft into a modern studio.
彼女は古いロフトを現代的なスタジオに改造しました。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪəbəl/

unemployable

雇用不適格
Meaning
Not able to be employed; lacking the skills or qualities necessary for employment
Example
Due to his criminal record, he was considered unemployable in most companies.
彼の犯罪歴のため、ほとんどの会社で雇用不適格と見なされた。
C1 adjective /ˈnɔɪz.ləs/

Noiseless

無音の; 完全に静かな
Meaning
making no sound; completely silent
Example
She moved through the house in noiseless steps so as not to wake the baby.
彼女は赤ちゃんを起こさないように、無音で家の中を歩きました。
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

称賛に値する取り組み
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
その賞賛に値するイニシアチブは、認識を高めることを目指しています。
C1 noun /ˈmeɪ.trɪks/

matrix

マトリックス, 構造
Meaning
An environment or structure in which something develops; also a mathematical array of numbers.
Example
The cultural matrix shaped his worldview.
文化的なマトリックスは彼の世界観を形成した。
C1 adjective /ˌmaɪ.krəˈskɑː.pɪk/

microscopic

顕微鏡的
Meaning
Extremely small and only visible with a microscope.
Example
The sample contained microscopic particles.
サンプルには顕微鏡的な粒子が含まれていました。
C1 noun /ˈneb.jʊ.lə/

nebula

星雲
Meaning
A cloud of gas and dust in outer space, sometimes visible in the night sky.
Example
The Orion Nebula is one of the brightest in the sky.
オリオン星雲は空で最も明るいものの一つです。
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.ləs/

Shameless

恥知らず
Meaning
having no shame; bold and rude; impudent
Example
The shameless politician refused to apologize for his mistakes.
恥知らずな政治家は自分の過ちを謝罪することを拒んだ。
C1 noun /ˈfɔːr.tɪ.tjuːd/

fortitude

不屈
Meaning
Courage in pain or adversity; mental and emotional strength in facing difficulty.
Example
She faced adversity with great fortitude.
彼女は困難に立ち向かう強い意志を持っていました。
C1 verb /ˈbrændɪʃ/

brandish

振る
Meaning
to wave or flourish something, especially a weapon, in a threatening or showy way
Example
He brandished a sword to scare off the intruders.
彼は侵入者を怖がらせるために剣を振った。
C1 adjective /ræmˈbʌŋk.ʃəs/

rambunctious

騒々しい
Meaning
boisterous, energetic, and difficult to control.
Example
The rambunctious children filled the house with noise.
騒々しい子供たちが家を騒音で満たしました。
C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/

vivacious

活発
Meaning
Attractively lively and animated.
Example
She was admired for her vivacious personality.
彼女はその活発な性格で賞賛された。
C1 noun /dɪˈten.ʃən/

Detention

停学; 拘留
Meaning
the action of detaining someone or being detained in official custody
Example
The student received detention for repeatedly disrupting the class.
生徒は繰り返しクラスを乱したため、停学を受けました。
C1 adjective ˌʌn.pəˈtɜːbd

unperturbed

何かに悩まされたり、動揺したりしない; 冷静で落ち着いている
Meaning
Not worried or disturbed by something; calm and composed.
Example
She remained unperturbed despite the challenges.
彼女は挑戦にもかかわらず冷静さを保っていた。
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈriːtʃ/

overreach

過剰な努力
Meaning
to go beyond what is proper, acceptable, or achievable; to overextend
Example
The politician overreached by making promises he couldn't keep.
その政治家は約束を守れなかったことで過剰な努力をしました。
C1 verb /ˈwaɪtˌwɑːʃ/

whitewash

Meaning
to cover up faults, errors, or unpleasant facts; to paint with white paint or lime
Example
The report was criticized for trying to whitewash the company's failures.
C1 noun /rɪft/

rift

亀裂
Meaning
a serious break in a relationship; a split or crack
Example
A rift developed between the two friends after the argument.
議論の後、二人の友達の間に亀裂が生じた。
C1 adjective /ədˈhiːsɪv/

Adhesive

粘着性
Meaning
আঠালো; চটচটে;
Example
The adhesive tape stuck firmly to the wall.
接着テープは壁にしっかりとくっつきました。
C1 verb /bɪˈstoʊ/

bestow

授与する
Meaning
To give or present something as a gift or honor.
Example
The king bestowed honors upon the brave soldiers.
王は勇敢な兵士に栄誉を授けました。