C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

宗派的

Meaning

relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict

Example

The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.

この地域は数十年にわたり宗派的な暴力に悩まされてきました。

C1 adjective /ˌmɛtəˈfɔːrɪkəl/

metaphorical

比喩的な

Meaning

Characteristic of or relating to metaphor; figurative rather than literal.

Example

He used metaphorical language to describe his emotions.

彼は感情を表現するために比喩的な言葉を使った。

C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

車輪や歯車の歯

Meaning

A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.

Example

He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.

彼は大きな機械の中で小さな歯車のように感じていた。

C1 noun ˈdaɪ.nə.sti

dynasty

王朝

Meaning

A line of hereditary rulers of a country; a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.

Example

The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.

明王朝は何世紀にもわたって中国を支配していました。

C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

Meaning

To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.

Example

The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.

C1 noun /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːvər/

disbeliever

不信者

Meaning

a person who does not believe in something, especially a religion or idea

Example

He was called a disbeliever for rejecting the traditional faith.

彼は伝統的な信仰を拒否したため、不信者と呼ばれました。

C1 noun /ˈlɪɡ.əmənt/

ligament

靭帯組織

Meaning

A tough band of tissue that connects bones at a joint.

Example

He tore a ligament in his knee while playing football.

サッカーをしているときに膝の靭帯を切った。

C1 noun /ˈsɛvərəns/

severance

退職金

Meaning

the act of ending something, especially a relationship or employment; compensation paid upon termination

Example

The company offered him severance pay after his job ended.

会社は彼の仕事が終了した後、退職金を提供しました。

C1 noun /fəˈtæləti/

fatality

致命的な事故

Meaning

An occurrence of death by accident, disaster, or violence.

Example

The accident resulted in one fatality.

その事故で1人が死亡した。

C1 verb /ˈflaʊndər/

flounder

もがく

Meaning

To struggle or stagger clumsily; to experience difficulty or confusion.

Example

He floundered in the interview when asked difficult questions.

彼は面接で難しい質問をされて、うろたえました。

C1 verb /dʒəʊlt/

jolt

衝撃

Meaning

to push or shake someone or something abruptly and roughly

Example

The sudden stop jolted all the passengers forward.

突然の停止で、すべての乗客が前方に押し出されました。

C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

試験監督者

Meaning

a person who supervises students during an examination

Example

The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.

試験監督者は学生に携帯電話を切るように注意しました。

C1 verb /rɪˈfjuːt/

refute

反論する

Meaning

To prove a statement, argument, or theory to be false or invalid.

Example

The lawyer refuted the witness's testimony with solid evidence.

弁護士は証人の証言を確かな証拠で反論しました。

C1 noun /ˌɒk.sɪ.dʒɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

oxygenation

酸素供給または治療

Meaning

The process of supplying or treating with oxygen.

Example

Deep breathing exercises improve oxygenation of the body.

深呼吸の練習は身体の酸素供給を改善します。

C1 noun /kənˈkʌrəns/

concurrence

一致

Meaning

Agreement or union in action, opinion, or occurrence; simultaneous happening of events.

Example

The project was completed with the concurrence of all departments.

そのプロジェクトはすべての部門の同意のもとで完了しました。

C1 noun /kiː/

quay

桟橋

Meaning

A platform lying alongside or projecting into water for loading and unloading ships.

Example

The cargo was unloaded at the quay.

貨物は桟橋で荷降ろしされました。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈlæksətɪv/

laxative

下剤

Meaning

A medicine or substance that stimulates bowel movements; tending to loosen or relieve constipation.

Example

The doctor prescribed a mild laxative for her condition.

医者は彼女の状態のために軽い下剤を処方しました。

C1 noun /ˈæk.jʊ.mən/

acumen

鋭さ

Meaning

The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions; keenness and depth of perception.

Example

His business acumen helped the company grow rapidly.

彼のビジネス鋭さは会社の急成長を助けた。

C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

コイ

Meaning

A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food

Example

Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.

コイは養殖業で重要な魚です。

C1 noun /oʊθ/

Oath

誓い

Meaning

a solemn promise or declaration; a sworn statement

Example

The doctor took an oath to help patients.

医師は患者を助けることを誓いました。

C1 noun /bɪˈtreɪər/

Betrayer

裏切り者; 不忠者

Meaning

a person who betrays someone or something; one who is disloyal

Example

The betrayer was exposed and faced severe consequences.

裏切り者は暴露され、厳しい結果に直面しました。

C1 noun /ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ/

sacrilege

冒涜

Meaning

Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred.

Example

Stealing from the temple was considered an act of sacrilege.

寺院から盗むことは冒涜と見なされていました。

C1 verb /ɪkˈspend/

expend

使う

Meaning

to use up or consume; to spend energy or resources

Example

He expended all his energy on the project.

彼はプロジェクトに全てのエネルギーを費やした。

C1 noun /moʊld/

Mould

型（鋳型）

Meaning

a hollow container used to give shape to molten material; fungus

Example

She poured chocolate into the mould to make candies.

彼女はキャンディーを作るために型にチョコレートを流し込んだ。

C1 noun /ˈwɜːkmənʃɪp/

workmanship

作品の質

Meaning

The skill with which something is made or the quality of something made.

Example

The workmanship of the handmade furniture was impeccable.

手作りの家具のワークマンシップは完璧でした。

C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

綿布

Meaning

textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable

Example

Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.

綿布は夏の衣服に最適です。

C1 verb /ˈænɪmeɪt/

animate

アニメーションする

Meaning

to bring to life or make lively; to create animation for films or cartoons

Example

The artist will animate the characters for the movie.

アーティストは映画のキャラクターをアニメートします。

C1 adjective /ˈpəʊtəbl/

potable

飲料水

Meaning

safe to drink; drinkable

Example

The villagers did not have access to potable water.

村人たちは飲用水へのアクセスがありませんでした。

C1 adjective məˈθɒd.ɪ.kəl

methodical

方法的な

Meaning

Done according to a systematic or established procedure; orderly and systematic.

Example

His methodical research produced reliable results.

彼の方法的な研究は信頼できる結果を生み出した。

C1 adjective /ˈfiːzəbl/

feasible

実行可能

Meaning

possible to do easily or conveniently; practical and workable

Example

It is feasible to complete the project within two months.

このプロジェクトを2ヶ月以内に完了することは実行可能です。

C1 noun /əˈpɒsəl/

apostle

使徒, 擁護者

Meaning

A vigorous and pioneering advocate or supporter of a particular cause, often used for the early Christian disciples.

Example

He became an apostle of environmental protection.

彼は環境保護の使徒となった。

C1 noun /haʊnd/

Hound

猟犬

Meaning

a dog bred for hunting, typically having a keen sense of smell

Example

The bloodhound tracked the scent through the dense forest.

ブルッドハウンドは密な森の中で匂いを追跡しました。

C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

複雑

Meaning

very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand

Example

The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.

アーティストは壁に複雑な模様を作り出しました。

C1 verb /hoʊn/

hone

研ぐ、スキルを磨く

Meaning

To sharpen a blade or to improve a skill through practice.

Example

She honed her presentation skills before the big meeting.

彼女は大きな会議の前にプレゼンテーションスキルを磨きました。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

insurmountable

克服不可能

Meaning

Too great to be overcome.

Example

The explorers faced insurmountable odds in the desert.

探検者たちは砂漠で克服不可能な障害に直面した。

C1 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːlədʒi/

gerontology

ジェロントロジー

Meaning

The scientific study of old age and the process of aging.

Example

She chose to specialize in gerontology after completing medical school.

彼女は医学部を卒業した後、ジェロントロジーに特化することを決めました。

C1 verb /ˈtɑːrnɪʃ/

tarnish

Meaning

To lose luster, especially as a result of exposure to air or moisture; to damage reputation.

Example

The silver jewelry tarnished quickly when left in the open air.

C1 noun/verb /ˈbɔɪ/ or /ˈbuːi/

buoy

ブイ, 浮かべる

Meaning

A floating marker on water; to keep something afloat or encourage someone.

Example

The news buoyed their spirits after the loss.

ニュースは喪失後、彼らの気持ちを高めました。

C1 noun/verb /tæk/

tack

Meaning

a small sharp nail; or to change direction in sailing or approach something differently

Example

She used a tack to pin the paper on the wall.

C1 adjective /ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkəl/

apolitical

政治的でない

Meaning

not interested in or not connected with politics

Example

She prefers to stay apolitical and focus on her work.

彼女は政治的でない態度を保ち、仕事に集中することを好みます。

C1 verb /feɪn/

feign

装う、ふりをする

Meaning

to pretend or fake; to give a false appearance of

Example

She feigned illness to avoid going to work.

彼女は仕事に行かないために病気を装った。

C1 noun /taɪˈpɒɡrəfi/

typography

タイポグラフィ

Meaning

the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible and visually appealing

Example

Good typography improves the readability of a website.

良いタイポグラフィはウェブサイトの読みやすさを改善します。

C1 noun /ˌsɪmbɪˈəʊsɪs/

symbiosis

共生関係

Meaning

A mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.

Example

The symbiosis between the two companies led to mutual growth.

二つの会社間の共生関係は相互成長につながった。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊʃən/

potion

薬の飲み物

Meaning

a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties

Example

The witch gave the hero a healing potion.

魔女はヒーローに治療用のポーションを渡しました。

C1 adverb ɪkˌsperɪˈmentəli

experimentally

実験的に

Meaning

In a way that is based on or derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.

Example

Bose demonstrated findings experimentally.

ボーズは実験的に結果を示しました。

C1 adjective /ˈflʌstərd/

flustered

動揺した

Meaning

in a state of confusion or agitation

Example

She appeared flustered after being asked so many questions.

彼女はたくさんの質問をされた後、動揺しているように見えました。

C1 noun /ˈplez.ən.tri/

Pleasantry

社交辞令

Meaning

a remark made in order to be polite or friendly; light conversation or jokes

Example

They exchanged pleasantries before the meeting began.

彼らは会議が始まる前に社交辞令を交わした。

C1 noun /ˈpiː.hən/

Peahen

メスのクジャク

Meaning

female peacock

Example

The peahen is less colorful than the male peacock.

メスのクジャクはオスよりも色が少ない。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

認識している

Meaning

Having knowledge or being aware of something.

Example

He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.

彼はプロジェクトを開始する前にリスクに気づいていた。

C1 adverb /ˈrɪdʒɪdli/

Rigidly

厳格に; 柔軟性なしで

Meaning

in a strict, inflexible manner; without compromise

Example

The rules are rigidly enforced in this institution.

この機関ではルールは厳格に適用されます。

C1 noun /ˌdɛrɪˈveɪʃən/

derivation

派生

Meaning

The origin or development of something from a source.

Example

The derivation of the word comes from Latin.

その単語の起源はラテン語から来ている。

C1 adjective /fərˈlɔːrn/

forlorn

孤独な, 絶望的な

Meaning

extremely sad, lonely, or abandoned

Example

The abandoned puppy looked so forlorn in the rain.

放置された子犬は雨の中でとても悲しそうに見えました。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

重要でない

Meaning

Not important or significant; too small to matter.

Example

The mistake was minor and inconsequential.

その間違いは小さく、重要ではありませんでした。

C1 verb /əˈkrɛdɪt/

accredit

認証

Meaning

to officially recognize, authorize, or approve someone or something

Example

The university is accredited by the national education board.

その大学は国の教育委員会から認定されています。

C1 adjective ɪkˈskwɪzɪt

exquisite

精緻

Meaning

Extremely beautiful and delicate.

Example

The exquisite craftsmanship of the watch made it a collector's item.

その時計の精巧な職人技がそれをコレクターアイテムにした。

C1 adjective /ˈpɑːm.pəs/

Pompous

気取った; うぬぼれた; 過度に豪華な

Meaning

showing off; pretentious; overly grand

Example

His pompous attitude annoyed everyone at the meeting.

彼の気取った態度は会議でみんなを苛立たせました。

C1 noun /səˈvɪləti/

civility

礼儀

Meaning

Polite and courteous behavior.

Example

He treated his opponent with civility despite their differences.

彼は彼の対戦相手に対して礼儀を持って接した、彼らの違いにもかかわらず。

C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

熱心な; 熱烈な; 情熱的な

Meaning

very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent

Example

She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.

彼女は環境保護の熱心な支持者です。

C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

勤勉

Meaning

The quality of being hardworking and diligent.

Example

His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.

彼の勤勉さは、仕事で昇進をもたらしました。

C1 adjective /ˈweɪwərd/

wayward

反抗的な

Meaning

Difficult to control or predict because of unusual or perverse behavior.

Example

The teacher struggled to manage the wayward students.

教師は反抗的な生徒を管理するのに苦労していた。

C1 noun /ˈzeɪni/

Zany

奇妙な、コメディアン; 遊び心

Meaning

amusingly unconventional and idiosyncratic; a comical person; foolishly playful

Example

He has a zany sense of humor that makes everyone laugh.

彼は皆を笑わせる奇妙なユーモアのセンスを持っている。

C1 verb /hɜːrl/

hurl

Meaning

To throw something with great force.

Example

The boy hurled a stone into the river.

C1 adjective ˈeɪlɪəneɪtɪd

alienated

疎外された

Meaning

Feeling isolated or estranged; disconnected from others or society.

Example

Alienated students are more prone to delinquency.

疎外された学生は、犯罪に走りがちです。

C1 noun /ˈeɪθiɪzəm/

atheism

無神論

Meaning

The belief that there is no God or gods.

Example

He declared his atheism openly despite social pressure.

彼は社会的圧力にもかかわらず、自分の無神論を公に宣言した。

C1 noun /ˈɡræv.ɪ.tæs/

gravitas

厳粛

Meaning

Dignity, seriousness, or solemnity of manner or speech.

Example

The judge spoke with great gravitas.

裁判官は非常に厳粛に話しました。

C1 verb /ˈwɪð.ər/

wither

枯れる

Meaning

to dry up and die, typically used for plants

Example

The flowers will wither without enough water.

花は十分な水がないと枯れてしまう。

C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

傾向

Meaning

a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something

Example

She has a penchant for collecting rare books.

彼女は珍しい本を集める傾向がある。

C1 noun /ˈtres.pæs.ər/

Trespasser

侵入者

Meaning

a person who enters someone's property without permission

Example

The security guard caught the trespasser climbing over the fence.

セキュリティガードはフェンスを越えて登る侵入者を捕まえました。

C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

不可能性

Meaning

the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved

Example

Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.

一日でそのプロジェクトを終えるのは不可能だった。

C1 noun /əˈfen.dər/

Offender

犯罪者; 法律違反者

Meaning

a person who commits an illegal act; someone who breaks the law

Example

The young offender was sentenced to community service.

その若い犯罪者はコミュニティサービスを命じられました。

C1 noun ˈpɑː.sɪŋ

parsing

文の構造解析

Meaning

The process of analyzing sentence structure to understand grammatical relationships.

Example

The AI model performs parsing to understand syntax.

AIモデルは構文解析を行い、構造を理解します。

C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

復活させる

Meaning

To bring back to life or revive something from the past.

Example

The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.

監督は新しい観客のために古い劇を復活させることに決めました。

C1 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Ceremonial

儀式的

Meaning

relating to or used in ceremonies; formal and ritualistic

Example

The ceremonial dress was worn during the royal wedding.

王室の結婚式で着用される儀式的な衣装でした。

C1 adjective ɪˈneɪt

Innate

生まれつきのまたは自然の

Meaning

Existing from birth or natural

Example

She has an innate talent for music.

彼女は音楽において生まれつきの才能を持っている。

C1 adjective /ˈhær.oʊ.ɪŋ/

harrowing

恐ろしいと苦しみを伴う

Meaning

extremely distressing or upsetting

Example

It was a harrowing experience to witness the accident.

事故を目撃することは恐ろしい経験だった。

C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

コカトゥ

Meaning

a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered

Example

The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.

白いコカトゥは美しい冠羽を上げました。

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

壊れない

Meaning

Impossible to destroy or break.

Example

The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.

スーパーヒーローの盾は壊れないと言われていました。

C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

騒ぎ

Meaning

A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.

Example

The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.

市場での突然の騒ぎがみんなの注目を集めた。

C1 noun /rəˈpɪdəti/

rapidity

迅速さ

Meaning

The quality of moving or happening quickly; swiftness or speed.

Example

The rapidity of technological change is astonishing.

技術的な変化の速さは驚くべきものです。

C1 verb /ˈdʒɒsl/

jostle

押す

Meaning

to push, elbow, or bump against someone roughly, typically in a crowd

Example

The fans jostled each other to get closer to the stage.

ファンたちはステージに近づくためにお互いに押し合っていました。

C1 verb /ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/

correlate

climate regulation

気候調整

Meaning

The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.

Example

Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.

森林は地域の温度を安定させることで気候調整に役立ちます。

C1 adjective /ˈbleɪtənt/

blatant

明白な

Meaning

done openly and unashamedly; obvious and offensive

Example

The company's blatant disregard for safety regulations angered the public.

その企業の安全規制に対する公然たる軽視が、一般市民の怒りを買った。

C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

見下す

Meaning

having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority

Example

Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.

彼女の見下すような口調は、同僚を怒らせた。

C1 verb /smɛlt/

smelt

溶かす

Meaning

to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting

Example

The workers smelt iron from its ore in the factory.

作業員は工場で鉱石から鉄を溶かして取り出します。

C1 noun/verb /rɪˈproʊtʃ/

reproach

非難 / 批判

Meaning

An expression of disapproval or disappointment; to criticize someone for doing wrong.

Example

She reproached him for arriving late to the meeting.

彼女は会議に遅れたことを彼に非難した。

C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

出来事を発生した順番で記録する

Meaning

To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.

Example

She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.

彼女はブログを通じて彼女の旅を記録することに決めました。

C1 noun /ˈpɪɡmənt/

pigment

顔料

Meaning

a natural or artificial substance used to give color to something

Example

The artist mixed different pigments to create the perfect shade of blue.

アーティストは完璧な青色の色合いを作り出すために異なる顔料を混ぜました。

C1 noun /nɑːrˈkɒtɪk/

narcotic

麻薬

Meaning

A drug that dulls the senses and relieves pain, often causing sleep and sometimes addiction.

Example

The police seized a large amount of narcotic substances.

警察は大量の麻薬を押収した。

C1 verb /ɪnˈɡʌlf/

engulf

飲み込む

Meaning

to completely surround or cover something or someone

Example

The village was engulfed by floodwaters.

その村は洪水に飲み込まれた。

C1 adjective /ɡroʊˈtɛsk/

grotesque

Meaning

comically or repulsively ugly or distorted

Example

The sculpture was so grotesque that it frightened the children.

C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪdər/

embroider

刺繍

Meaning

to decorate fabric with patterns using a needle and thread

Example

She embroidered flowers on the pillowcase.

彼女は枕カバーに花を刺繍した。

C1 noun /ˌriː.pəˈkʌʃ.ən/

repercussion

影響

Meaning

An unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action.

Example

The economic crisis had severe repercussions on global trade.

経済危機は世界貿易に深刻な影響を与えました。

C1 noun ˈflɔː.rə ænd ˈfɔː.nə

flora and fauna

フローラとファウナ

Meaning

The plants and animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.

Example

The Galápagos Islands have unique flora and fauna.

ガラパゴス諸島には独特のフローラとファウナがあります。

C1 noun ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən

misconception

誤解

Meaning

A wrong idea or false understanding about something.

Example

There is a common misconception that success happens overnight.

成功は一夜にして成るという誤解が広まっている。

C1 noun /ˈtrɪnɪti/

trinity

三位一体

Meaning

a group of three closely related things; in Christianity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit

Example

The museum’s exhibit focused on a trinity of themes: memory, identity, and power.

博物館の展示は、三つのテーマの三位一体に焦点を当てていました：記憶、アイデンティティ、そして力。

C1 noun /ˈdɪsənˌtɛri/

dysentery

腸の病気（血液と粘液を伴う下痢）

Meaning

An infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with blood and mucus.

Example

Many soldiers suffered from dysentery during the war.

多くの兵士たちは戦争中にディスエントリーに苦しんだ。

C1 verb /dɪˈsɛm.ɪ.neɪt/

disseminate

普及する

Meaning

To spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people.

Example

Social media helps to disseminate information quickly.

ソーシャルメディアは情報を迅速に普及するのに役立ちます。

C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

影響力

Meaning

influence or power, especially in politics or business

Example

The businessman has a lot of political clout.

そのビジネスマンは政治的な影響力を持っています。

C1 verb /ˈɡɑːbəl/

gobble

ガツガツ食べる

Meaning

to eat something quickly and greedily

Example

The children gobbled their food in minutes.

子供たちは数分で食べ物をガツガツ食べました。

C1 noun /ˈdɔːrˌkiːpər/

doorkeeper

門番

Meaning

A person whose job is to guard or manage the entrance of a building or room.

Example

The doorkeeper checked everyone’s passes before they entered the hall.

ドアキーパーは皆がホールに入る前に通行証を確認した。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

勇敢な

Meaning

fearless and adventurous, often used humorously

Example

The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.

その勇敢な旅行者は一人でジャングルを探検した。

C1 adjective /ˈnɔːtɪkəl/

nautical

航海

Meaning

relating to ships, sailors, or navigation on water

Example

He studied nautical charts before setting sail.

彼は出航前に海図を勉強しました。

C1 noun /ˌoʊvərprəˈdʌkʃən/

overproduction

過剰生産

Meaning

The act of producing more of something than is needed or can be consumed.

Example

The economic crisis was caused by the overproduction of goods.

経済危機は商品の過剰生産によって引き起こされた。

C1 adjective /ləˈbɔːr.i.əs/

laborious

骨の折れる

Meaning

requiring considerable effort and time; difficult and hard-working

Example

Writing the long report was a laborious task.

長いレポートを書くことは骨の折れる仕事でした。

C1 verb /ɡraɪp/

gripe

不満を言う

Meaning

to complain about something in an annoying way

Example

He is always griping about the weather.

彼はいつも天気について不満を言っている。

C1 verb /əˈkwɪt/

acquit

無罪を言い渡す

Meaning

to declare someone not guilty of a criminal charge; to conduct oneself in a specified way

Example

The jury decided to acquit the defendant of all charges.

陪審員は被告をすべての告発から無罪にすると決定しました。

C1 adjective /ˈtæn.tə.laɪ.zɪŋ/

Tantalizing

魅力的だが手の届かない

Meaning

tempting and attractive but out of reach

Example

The tantalizing aroma of fresh bread filled the bakery.

新鮮なパンの魅力的な香りがベーカリーを満たした。

C1 noun /ˈɜːrθənˌwɛr/

earthenware

陶器

Meaning

pottery made of clay and hardened by heat

Example

The shop displayed beautiful earthenware pots and bowls.

店は美しい陶器の壺と鉢を展示していました。

C1 noun ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk trænˈzɪʃən

demographic transition

人口転換

Meaning

A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically

Example

The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society.

人口転換は高齢化社会への移行を示しています。

C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

虚偽、見せかけ

Meaning

A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.

Example

His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.

彼の専門家であるというプリテンションはすぐに暴かれた。

C1 noun /ˈfæs.ɪt/

facet

側面, 部分, 特徴

Meaning

One of the many aspects or features of something; a particular part or element of something.

Example

Every facet of the project was carefully analyzed.

プロジェクトの各側面は慎重に分析されました。

C1 noun /tiː ˈstreɪnər/

Tea-strainer

茶こし

Meaning

a small perforated device used to strain tea leaves from brewed tea

Example

I always use a tea-strainer when pouring tea into cups.

私はお茶をカップに注ぐとき、いつも茶こしを使います。

C1 adjective /ˌdɪktəˈtɔːriəl/

dictatorial

独裁的

Meaning

Having or showing a tendency to tell people what to do in an autocratic way.

Example

His dictatorial style made him unpopular among colleagues.

彼の独裁的なスタイルは、同僚たちの間で不人気だった。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈsaɪtli/

unsightly

見苦しい

Meaning

Unpleasant to look at; ugly.

Example

The garbage pile created an unsightly view in the park.

ゴミの山は公園に見苦しい景色を作り出した。

C1 noun /ˈfænsiər/

fancier

愛好家

Meaning

a person who has a special interest in a particular thing or activity, especially animals or hobbies

Example

He is a fancier of rare birds.

彼は珍しい鳥の愛好家です。

C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

毛細血管

Meaning

Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

Example

Broken capillaries cause dark circles.

壊れた毛細血管は暗い輪を引き起こす。

C1 adjective, adverb (informal, vulgar) /ˈfʌkɪŋ/

fucking

クソ (強調のための卑猥な言葉)

Meaning

used for emphasis, often expressing anger or frustration (vulgar slang)

Example

It was a fucking disaster!

それはクソみたいな災害だった！

C1 noun ˈsʌb.tɛkst

subtext

サブテキスト

Meaning

Hidden meaning or message behind spoken or written words

Example

The subtext of his speech suggested disagreement.

彼のスピーチのサブテキストは、意見の不一致を示唆していた。

C1 adjective /ˈwɜːrkəbəl/

Workable

実行可能な; 実用的な

Meaning

capable of being done or put into effect; practical

Example

We need a workable solution to solve this problem quickly.

この問題を迅速に解決するために、実行可能な解決策が必要です。

C1 noun /ˈʃɜːrbət/

sherbet

シャーベット

Meaning

a sweet flavored drink or a frozen dessert made from sweetened fruit juice

Example

On hot days, she enjoys a glass of lemon sherbet.

暑い日には、彼女はレモンシャーベットを一杯楽しんでいます。