B2 noun (plural) /skræps/

scraps

残り物

Meaning

Small pieces left over from something; also small fights or quarrels.

Example

The dog ate the scraps from the table.

犬はテーブルからの食べ残しを食べました。

B2 noun /ˈʃɔːrt.kʌm.ɪŋ/

Shortcoming

欠点; 不足; 短所

Meaning

a fault or failure to meet a certain standard; a deficiency

Example

Despite his many talents, he has some shortcomings.

彼の多くの才能にもかかわらず、いくつかの欠点があります。

B2 adjective /ˈnær.ə.tɪv/

Narrative

物語的な; 描写的な; 物語を語る

Meaning

relating to storytelling; descriptive; telling a story; recounting events

Example

The narrative structure of the novel was quite complex.

その小説の物語的な構造はかなり複雑でした。

B2 noun /kənˈvɛn.ʃən.əl ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

conventional farming

従来型農業

Meaning

Traditional farming method using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and modern technology.

Example

Conventional farming increases crop production using fertilizers.

従来型農業は肥料を使って作物の生産を増加させる。

B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənt

advancement

進歩

Meaning

The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement in a particular area.

Example

Technological advancement shapes the future.

技術的進歩は未来を形作る。

B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

称賛する

Meaning

to praise formally or officially

Example

The teacher commended the students for their hard work.

先生は生徒たちの努力を称賛しました。

B2 adjective /ˈflɔː.ləs/

Flawless

完璧な; 欠陥なし

Meaning

perfect; without any defects or faults; immaculate

Example

Her flawless performance earned her a standing ovation.

彼女の完璧なパフォーマンスは、スタンディングオベーションを得た。

B2 noun /eɪk/

Ache

痛み

Meaning

a continuous or prolonged dull pain in a part of one's body

Example

He had a terrible headache after working late.

彼は遅くまで働いた後、ひどい頭痛に悩まされた。

B2 verb /ˈsɒfən/

soften

柔らかくする

Meaning

to make or become less hard, severe, or strong.

Example

Heat will soften the butter quickly.

熱はバターをすぐに柔らかくします。

B2 verb ɪnˈfɔːrsɪŋ

enforcing

施行する

Meaning

To compel observance of or compliance with a law, rule, or obligation.

Example

Enforcing strict laws is necessary to prevent violations.

厳格な法律を施行することは、違反を防ぐために必要です。

B2 noun /ˈvæmpaɪər/

vampire

幸福

Meaning

a mythical creature that sucks blood from the living; metaphorically, a person who exploits others

Example

In folklore, a vampire rises at night to drink human blood.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠すことができませんでした。

B2 noun ˌfoʊ.t̬oʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs

photosynthesis

光合成

Meaning

The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Example

Plants depend on photosynthesis for survival.

植物は生存のために光合成に依存している。

B2 adjective /ˈmɪl.ki waɪt/

Milky white

ミルクのような白

Meaning

a pure white color resembling milk

Example

The clouds looked milky white against the blue sky.

青い空を背景に雲がミルキーウェイトに見えた。

B2 verb /skriːtʃ/

screech

きしみ音を立てる

Meaning

to make a loud, high-pitched and unpleasant sound

Example

The car screeched to a halt.

車はきしみ音を立てて急停止した。

B2 noun /ˌstɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

stimulation

刺激

Meaning

The action of arousing interest, enthusiasm, or excitement.

Example

Stimulation reduces stress and aids relaxation.

刺激はストレスを減らし、リラックスを助けます。

B2 noun /məˈkænɪks/

mechanics

力学

Meaning

the branch of physics concerned with the motion of objects and the forces acting on them; also refers to the practical details of how something works

Example

He studied the mechanics of the machine before fixing it.

彼は機械を修理する前に、その力学を学んだ。

B2 noun/verb /ˈbrækɪt/

bracket

金属ブラケット

Meaning

A support attached to a wall for holding something; also, to group things together.

Example

The shelf was held up by a strong metal bracket.

棚は強い金属製のブラケットで支えられていました。

B2 noun /ˈʌndərkləʊðz/

underclothes

下着

Meaning

Clothing worn beneath outer clothes, such as underwear or lingerie

Example

He folded his underclothes neatly before packing them.

彼は下着を丁寧にたたんでから詰めた。

B2 adverb /ˈræp.ɪd.li/

Rapidly

速やかに; 急速に

Meaning

at a fast speed; quickly

Example

The company is rapidly expanding into new markets.

会社は新しい市場に急速に拡大しています。

B2 noun /əˈvɔɪdəns/

avoidance

回避

Meaning

the act of staying away from something; deliberate prevention of contact or confrontation

Example

Avoidance of difficult conversations can create bigger problems later.

難しい会話を回避すると、後でより大きな問題を生むことがある。

B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

陰謀

Meaning

A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.

Example

The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.

警察は政府を転覆させる陰謀を暴露した。

B2 noun /ɡɪɡ/

gig

ミュージシャン、バンド、またはエンターテイナーによるライブパフォーマンス；または一時的な仕事

Meaning

A live performance by a musician, band, or entertainer; also a temporary job.

Example

The band has a gig at the local club tonight.

今晩、バンドは地元のクラブでギグを行います。

B2 verb /səˈluːt/

salute

敬礼

Meaning

to greet with respect; to honor

Example

The soldiers saluted their commanding officer.

兵士たちは指揮官に敬礼した。

B2 noun /ˈmɜːrtʃənt/

merchant

商人

Meaning

a person or company involved in the trade of goods, especially in large quantities

Example

The merchant sold spices from distant lands.

商人は遠くの土地から香辛料を売っていた。

B2 noun /ˈɪm.pʌls/

Impulse

衝動; 突然の欲求

Meaning

a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a driving force or motivation

Example

She bought the expensive dress on impulse and later regretted the purchase.

彼女は衝動で高価なドレスを買い、後でその購入を後悔しました。

B2 noun /koʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/

Coincidence

偶然

Meaning

a remarkable occurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection; chance happening

Example

It was a strange coincidence that they both wore the same dress to the party.

それは奇妙な偶然だった、彼ら二人は同じドレスを着てパーティーに行った。

B2 verb /kəmˈpraɪz/

comprise

構成する

Meaning

To consist of or be made up of something.

Example

The committee comprises five members.

委員会は五人のメンバーで構成されています。

B2 noun /fɪˈzɪʃən/

physician

医師

Meaning

a person qualified to practice medicine; a doctor

Example

The physician prescribed some medicine to treat the condition.

医師はその状態を治療するために薬を処方しました。

B2 noun /ˈmaɪnə(r)/

miner

鉱夫

Meaning

a person who works in a mine, extracting minerals or other resources

Example

The miner worked in the coal mine for many years.

鉱夫は長年、石炭鉱で働いていました。

B2 adverb /əˈten.tɪv.li/

Attentively

注意深く

Meaning

with careful attention; in a focused manner

Example

She listened attentively to her teacher's instructions.

彼女は先生の指示を注意深く聞いた。

B2 adjective /ˈkwɔːrtərli/

Quarterly

四半期ごと

Meaning

occurring every three months; relating to a quarter of a year

Example

The company publishes quarterly reports to shareholders.

会社は株主に四半期ごとの報告書を発行します。

B2 noun /ˈrɪə.lɪ.zəm/

realism

リアリズム

Meaning

The quality of representing things as they are; a practical or factual view.

Example

Her paintings are admired for their realism.

彼女の絵画はそのリアリズムで賞賛されています。

B2 adjective /ˈkɒn.trər.i/

Contrary

反対の; 対立する;

Meaning

opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; completely different

Example

Contrary to popular belief, cats can be very social animals.

一般的な信念とは反対に、猫は非常に社交的な動物であることができます。

B2 adjective /ɪˈlæs.tɪk/

Elastic

弾力性

Meaning

able to stretch and return to original shape; flexible; adaptable

Example

The elastic band can stretch and return to its original shape.

弾力性のあるバンドは伸びて元の形に戻ります。

B2 noun ˌfʌŋk.ʃəˈnæl.ə.ti

functionality

機能性

Meaning

The quality of being functional; the ability to work or operate as intended.

Example

The new refrigerator has improved functionality.

新しい冷蔵庫は機能性が向上しました。

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.dɑːr/

Radar

レーダー

Meaning

a system for detecting the presence, direction, distance of aircraft, ships by sending out radio waves

Example

The radar detected an unknown aircraft approaching the base.

レーダーは基地に接近する未知の航空機を検出しました。

B2 noun /bɪˈliːvər/

believer

信者

Meaning

a person who believes in something, especially a religious faith, idea, or principle

Example

She is a strong believer in hard work and honesty.

彼女は努力と正直さを強く信じている。

B2 noun /ˈkæriər/

carrier

運送業者

Meaning

A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.

Example

The airline is the largest carrier in the country.

その航空会社は国で最も大きな運送業者です。

B2 noun ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən

restoration

修復

Meaning

The process of returning something to its former condition.

Example

The restoration of the forest began after decades of neglect.

森林の修復は数十年の放置後に始まりました。

B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɛstɪmeɪt/

underestimate

過小評価する

Meaning

To judge something as less important or smaller than it really is.

Example

Never underestimate the power of teamwork.

決してチームワークの力を過小評価しないでください。

B2 adjective /ˈkwɜːrki/

quirky

風変わりな

Meaning

Unusual in an interesting, charming, or odd way.

Example

She has a quirky sense of fashion that makes her stand out.

彼女は個性的なファッションセンスを持っており、それが彼女を際立たせています。

B2 noun /ˈskɒl.ər/

Scholar

学者; アカデミック

Meaning

a person who has studied a subject for a long time and knows a lot about it; an academic

Example

The renowned scholar published several books on ancient history.

有名な学者は古代の歴史に関する本をいくつか出版しました。

B2 adverb /əˈfɪʃəli/

officially

公式に

Meaning

in a formal or authorized way

Example

The building was officially opened by the mayor.

その建物は市長によって公式に開かれました。

B2 noun /reɪdʒ/

rage

怒り

Meaning

intense anger or fury

Example

She shouted in a fit of rage after hearing the news.

彼女はそのニュースを聞いて怒りの叫び声を上げました。

B2 adjective /rɪˈstrɪk.tɪd/

Restricted

制限された; 制御された; 制限付き

Meaning

limited or controlled; subject to restrictions

Example

Access to this area is restricted to authorized personnel only.

このエリアへのアクセスは、認可されたスタッフのみが制限されています。

B2 noun /ˈɔɪ.stər/

Oyster

オイスター

Meaning

a type of shellfish that can be eaten and sometimes contains pearls

Example

She ordered fresh oysters at the seafood restaurant.

彼女はシーフードレストランで新鮮なオイスターを注文しました。

B2 verb /səbˈmɪt/

submit

提出する

Meaning

to present for consideration; to surrender; to yield

Example

Please submit your assignment by Friday.

金曜日までに課題を提出してください。

B2 adjective /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl̩/

biological

生物学的

Meaning

relating to the science of biology or to life and living organisms

Example

She is studying biological sciences at university.

彼女は大学で生物学的な科学を学んでいます。

B2 noun /ˈaɪ.bɔːl/

Eyeball

眼球

Meaning

the round part of the eye within the eyelids and socket

Example

The doctor examined his eyeball carefully.

医者は彼のアイボールを注意深く調べました。

B2 noun /ˈædvərtaɪzər/

advertiser

広告主

Meaning

a person or company that advertises a product, service, or event

Example

The advertiser paid millions for a Super Bowl commercial spot.

広告主はスーパーボウルのコマーシャルに何百万ドルも支払った。

B2 verb ɪmˈpoʊz

imposes

課す

Meaning

To establish or apply by authority; to force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place.

Example

Pollution imposes harmful effects on the environment.

汚染は環境に有害な影響を課します。

B2 verb /ˈæmplɪˌfaɪ/

amplify

増幅する

Meaning

to make sounds louder; to make something larger or more significant

Example

The microphone amplifies her voice.

マイクロフォンは彼女の声を増幅させます。

B2 verb /ɪnˈlɑːrdʒ/

enlarge

広げる

Meaning

to make something bigger or increase in size

Example

They decided to enlarge their house.

彼らは家を広げることに決めました。

B2 noun prəˈvɪʒ.ənz

provisions

規定

Meaning

A condition or requirement in a legal document; clauses or stipulations.

Example

Provisions must align with public aspirations.

規定は公衆の期待と一致しなければならない。

B2 verb /əˈmend/

amend

修正する

Meaning

to make changes or corrections to improve something; to modify

Example

They amended the contract to include new terms.

彼らは契約を修正して新しい条項を追加しました。

B2 noun ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs

injustice

不正義

Meaning

Lack of fairness or justice; the practice of being unjust or unfair.

Example

The story portrays the injustices faced by the common people.

物語は一般の人々が直面する不正義を描いています。

B2 adjective /ˈvɛriəbl/

Variable

変動可能な

Meaning

able to change; not consistent or having a fixed pattern

Example

The weather has been very variable this week.

今週の天気は非常に変わりやすかったです。

B2 adjective /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/

subsequent

その後の

Meaning

Coming after something in time; following in time or order.

Example

Subsequent events clarified the outcomes.

その後の出来事が結果を明らかにしました。

B2 verb /ɪmˈplaɪ/

imply

暗示する

Meaning

To suggest something without directly stating it.

Example

Her tone seemed to imply that she was upset.

彼女の口調は、彼女が怒っていることを示唆しているようでした。

B2 noun əˌkjuː.mjəˈleɪ.ʃən

accumulation

蓄積

Meaning

The gradual gathering or collecting of something over time.

Example

The accumulation of dust affects appliance efficiency.

ほこりの蓄積が家電の効率に影響を与える。

B2 noun ˈflaɪ.ɪŋ kɑːrz

flying cars

空飛ぶ車

Meaning

Vehicles that can travel both on roads and in the air.

Example

Flying cars could soon solve urban traffic congestion.

空飛ぶ車はすぐに都市の交通渋滞の問題を解決できるでしょう。

B2 adjective /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

geographical

地理的な

Meaning

relating to geography; connected with the physical features, location, or characteristics of the Earth or a particular area

Example

The country’s geographical position makes it an important trading hub.

その国の地理的な位置は重要な貿易拠点となっています。

B2 adjective /plʌmp/

plump

ふくよかまたは丸い

Meaning

having a full, rounded shape; pleasantly fat

Example

The cat was plump and well-fed.

その猫はふくよかでよく食べていました。

B2 adjective ɪkˈsɛsɪv

excessive

過度の

Meaning

More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.

Example

Excessive population growth leads to resource depletion.

過度の人口増加は資源の枯渇を引き起こします。

B2 noun ˈɡloʊbəl kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

global collaboration

グローバル協力

Meaning

Cooperation and partnership between countries or organizations worldwide to address common challenges.

Example

Global collaboration is necessary to address climate change.

グローバル協力は気候変動に対処するために必要です。

B2 verb /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃieɪt/

differentiate

区別する

Meaning

To recognize or make a distinction between things.

Example

It is important to differentiate between fact and opinion.

事実と意見を区別することは重要です。

B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

奇妙に; 異常に

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic

Example

She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.

彼女はフォーマルディナーのために、明るい色と珍しい柄の服を着て、特異な方法でドレスアップしました。

B2 adjective /ʌnˈsteɪbəl/

Unstable

不安定

Meaning

likely to change; not steady or secure; unsteady

Fruitful

実り多い; 有益な; 成功した;

Meaning

productive; beneficial; successful;

Example

Our discussion was very fruitful and led to many new ideas.

私たちの議論は非常に実り多く、新しいアイデアをたくさん生み出しました。

B2 noun/verb /pəʊl/

poll

世論調査

Meaning

a survey of public opinion or voting in an election

Example

The poll revealed that most people favored the new policy.

世論調査ではほとんどの人が新しい政策を支持していることが明らかになった。

B2 adjective /ˈlɔːŋtaɪm/

longtime

長い時間の

Meaning

having existed or continued for a long time

Example

They are longtime friends who met in college.

彼らは大学で出会った長い時間の友達です。

B2 noun /əˈmɛnəti/

amenity

アメニティ

Meaning

a useful or pleasant facility or feature of a place

Example

The apartment has every amenity needed for comfortable living.

アパートには快適な生活のために必要なすべてのアメニティがあります。

B2 adjective /ˌmɛtrəˈpɑːlɪtən/

metropolitan

大都市

Meaning

Relating to a large city, its surrounding areas, or its lifestyle.

Example

She moved to a metropolitan area for better job opportunities.

彼女はより良い仕事の機会のために大都市エリアに引っ越しました。

B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

physicist

物理学者

Meaning

a scientist who studies or specializes in physics

Example

The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.

物理学者は学生たちに相対性理論を説明しました。

B2 noun prəʊb

probe

探査機

Meaning

An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.

Example

The probe collected data from the planet's surface.

そのプローブは惑星の表面からデータを収集しました。

B2 noun /ˈkɒmpoʊst/

compost

堆肥

Meaning

decayed organic matter used as fertilizer

Example

The gardener added compost to enrich the soil.

庭師は土壌を豊かにするために堆肥を追加しました。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈfɔːrmətɪv/

Informative

有益な

Meaning

giving or providing useful information; educational; instructive

Example

The documentary was very informative and educational.

そのドキュメンタリーはとても有益で教育的でした。

B2 noun /roʊˈteɪʃən/

Rotation

回転; 回転運動; 自転

Meaning

the action of rotating around an axis or center; a single turn

Example

The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours to complete.

地球の回転は24時間かかります。

B2 noun /ˈsɪnˌdroʊm/

syndrome

症候群

Meaning

a group of symptoms that occur together and characterize a condition or disease

Example

Down syndrome affects a person's physical and mental development.

ダウン症は、個人の身体的および精神的な発達に影響を与えます。

B2 adjective /trænˈspærənt/

Transparent

透明な

Meaning

allowing light to pass through; clear and obvious; honest and open

Example

The company maintains transparent business practices.

その企業は透明なビジネス慣行を維持しています。

B2 noun /ˌhez.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Hesitation

ためらい; 躊躇

Meaning

the action of pausing or delaying; uncertainty or unwillingness to act

Example

After a moment of hesitation, she decided to accept the challenging job offer from the company.

一瞬のためらいの後、彼女は会社からの挑戦的な仕事のオファーを受け入れることに決めました。

B2 noun ˈterɪtəri

territory

領土

Meaning

An area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.

Example

The king expanded his territory.

王は自分の領土を拡大しました。

B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌteɪtər/

commentator

解説者

Meaning

a person who reports and discusses events, especially on TV or radio

Example

The commentator described the football match in detail.

解説者はサッカーの試合を詳細に説明しました。

B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zɪnz/

Raisins

レーズン

Meaning

dried grapes, often used in cooking and baking

Example

She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.

彼女はオートミールクッキーに甘さを加えるためにレーズンを加えた。

B2 noun /heɪst/

Haste

急ぎ; 焦り

Meaning

swiftness of motion; urgent need of quick action; excessive speed or urgency

Example

In his haste to catch the train, he forgot to take his wallet from the table.

列車に乗るための急いで、テーブルから財布を取るのを忘れました。

B2 noun ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən

sanitation

衛生

Meaning

Conditions relating to public health, especially the provision of clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal.

Example

Good sanitation practices are key to preventing infestations.

良い衛生習慣は侵入を防ぐための鍵です。

B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

リスク要因

Meaning

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition

Example

Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.

水質汚染は健康にとって重要なリスク要因です。

B2 verb /suː/

sue

訴える

Meaning

to bring a lawsuit against someone in a court of law

Example

She decided to sue the company for damages.

彼女は損害賠償のために会社を訴えることに決めました。

B2 verb /stɪə(r)/

steer

操縦する

Meaning

to guide or control the movement of a vehicle, vessel, or person

Example

He steered the car carefully through the narrow street.

彼は狭い通りを慎重に車をステアしました。

B2 adjective /ˈfɜːr.taɪl/

Fertile

肥沃な

Meaning

capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops; able to conceive children

Example

The fertile soil in this region makes it perfect for growing vegetables.

この地域の肥沃な土壌は、野菜を育てるのに最適です。

B2 adjective /ˈwʊd biː/

Would-be

見込みのある; 可能性のある;

Meaning

prospective; intending to be; aspiring

Example

The would-be actor practiced his lines every day.

その見込みのある俳優は毎日セリフを練習していた。

B2 noun ˈænsɛstərz

Ancestors

先祖

Meaning

A person from whom one is descended; a forefather.

Example

The family tree shows the names of all ancestors.

家族の木はすべての先祖の名前を示しています。

B2 adjective /ˈbruː.təl/

brutal

残酷

Meaning

extremely cruel or harsh; violent and without feeling

Example

The dictator’s rule was marked by brutal violence.

独裁者の統治は残酷な暴力によって特徴付けられていた。

B2 noun /læp/

Lap

ひざの上

Meaning

the flat area between the waist and knees of a seated person; one circuit of a track or course

Example

The cat curled up comfortably in her lap while she read her book.

猫は本を読みながら快適に彼女のひざの上で丸くなっていた。

B2 noun /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən/

immigration

移民

Meaning

the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country

Example

Immigration policies vary from country to country.

移民政策は国によって異なります。

建設する

Meaning

To build; construct; set up in a vertical position.

Example

The workers were erecting a new building downtown.

労働者たちは市街地で新しい建物を建てていました。