B2 verb /prɪˈsiːd/

precede

先行する

Meaning

to come before something in time, order, or position

Example

A brief introduction precedes each chapter.

簡単な紹介は各章の前に来る。

B2 adjective /ˈpær.ə.lel/

Parallel

平行

Meaning

side by side and having the same distance continuously between them; similar or corresponding

Example

The two roads run parallel to each other for several miles.

二つの道路は数マイルにわたって平行に走っています。

B2 noun /ˈpær.ə.dɒks/

paradox

逆説

Meaning

A seemingly contradictory statement or situation that may be true; an apparent inconsistency.

Example

The paradox of freedom is that it requires rules.

自由の逆説は、それに規則が必要であるということです。

B2 verb /ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/

purify

浄化する

Meaning

to make clean or pure; to remove impurities

Example

This filter will purify the water effectively.

このフィルターは水を効果的に浄化します。

B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

説教する

Meaning

to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting

Example

The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.

牧師は許しと親切について説教しました。

B2 noun /prəˈtɛktər/

protector

保護者

Meaning

a person or thing that protects someone or something

Example

The dog was seen as the family's protector.

その犬は家族の保護者と見なされていました。

B2 noun /ˈpoʊ.di.əm/

Podium

ポディウム

Meaning

a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience

Example

The winner stood on the podium to receive the gold medal.

優勝者は金メダルを受け取るためにポディウムに立ちました。

B2 noun /prəˈvaɪdər/

provider

提供者

Meaning

a person or thing that provides something.

Example

The service provider ensures that all customers receive timely support.

サービス提供者はすべての顧客がタイムリーにサポートを受けることを確実にします。

B2 verb, noun, adjective /prɑːmpt/

prompt

促す / 迅速

Meaning

To cause someone to take action; done without delay.

Example

His speech prompted the audience to ask questions.

彼のスピーチは聴衆に質問を促しました。

B2 noun, adjective /ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒuət/

postgraduate

大学院生

Meaning

A student who has completed a first degree and is studying for a further degree.

Example

She is doing postgraduate research in physics.

彼女は物理学の大学院研究をしています。

B2 verb /prəˈkleɪm/

proclaim

宣言する

Meaning

to announce something publicly or officially, especially something important

Example

The president proclaimed a national day of mourning.

大統領は国民の日を宣言した。

B2 noun /ˈpɪk.səl/

pixel

デジタル画像またはディスプレイの最小単位

Meaning

the smallest unit of a digital image or display

Example

The image is blurry because some pixels are missing.

画像がぼやけているのは、いくつかのピクセルが欠けているからです。

B2 noun pɑrˈtɪʃən

partition

分割

Meaning

The action of dividing or being divided into parts; separation.

Example

Partition caused unrest.

分割が騒動を引き起こした。

B2 noun /ˈpæd.i/

Paddy

未加工の米; 稲田

Meaning

rice in its natural state before processing; a field where rice is grown

Example

The farmers worked hard in the paddy fields during harvest season.

農家は収穫の季節に稲田で懸命に働きました。

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

psychiatrist

精神科医

Meaning

a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness

Example

The psychiatrist prescribed medication for the patient’s anxiety.

精神科医は患者の不安に対して薬を処方しました。

B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

部分的; 偏見のある;

Meaning

incomplete; showing bias or prejudice

Example

The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.

裁判官は被告人に有利な部分的な決定を下した。

B2 noun /ˈprɛmɪs/

premise

前提 / 建物

Meaning

a statement or idea on which reasoning or an argument is based; also a building or property

Example

His argument was based on a false premise.

彼の議論は誤った前提に基づいていました。

B2 adjective /ˌprɒb.ləˈmæt.ɪk/

Problematic

問題のある; 問題を引き起こす

Meaning

causing problems; troublesome; difficult to deal with

Example

The new policy changes are problematic and need to be reviewed.

新しい政策変更は問題があり、再評価する必要があります。

B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

ペシミズム

Meaning

A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.

Example

Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.

彼女の絶え間ないペシミズムは、楽観的でいるのを難しくしていた。

B2 adjective /prəˈfaʊnd/

profound

深遠

Meaning

Very great or intense; having deep insight or understanding.

Example

The speech had a profound impact on the audience.

そのスピーチは聴衆に深い影響を与えました。

B2 noun prəˈɡreʃ.ən

progression

進展

Meaning

The process of developing or moving gradually towards a more advanced state.

Example

Progression in technology drives innovation.

技術の進展はイノベーションを促進する。

B2 verb /pəˈtroʊl/

patrol

パトロールする

Meaning

to move around an area to watch or guard it

Example

The police patrol the streets at night to ensure safety.

警察は夜に街をパトロールして安全を確保しています。

B2 noun prɛsˈtiːʒ

prestige

名声

Meaning

Widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality.

Example

The university has gained international prestige for its research.

その大学は研究で国際的な名声を得ました。

B2 noun /pərˈspek.tɪv/

Perspective

視点

Meaning

a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view; the art of representing three-dimensional objects

Example

From his perspective, the decision was completely wrong.

彼の視点では、その決定は完全に間違っていた。

B2 adjective /ˈpɛti/

petty

些細な

Meaning

Of little importance or trivial; also describes a person overly concerned with small or unimportant matters.

Example

She often gets upset over the most petty things.

彼女はしばしば些細なことに腹を立てる。

B2 adjective /ˈpraɪs.ləs/

Priceless

無価値な; 計り知れない価値がある

Meaning

extremely valuable; invaluable; beyond price

Example

Her grandmother's antique jewelry is absolutely priceless.

彼女の祖母の古代の宝石は絶対に無価値だ。

B2 noun /ˈpæntri/

pantry

パントリー

Meaning

A small room or cupboard where food, dishes, and kitchen supplies are stored.

Example

She stocked the pantry with fresh groceries for the week.

彼女は今週のために新鮮な食料品でパントリーを満たしました。

B2 noun /ˈpen.ʃən/

Pension

年金

Meaning

a regular payment made to someone who is no longer working because of age or disability

Example

After retirement, he receives a monthly pension from the company.

退職後、彼は会社から毎月年金を受け取ります。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒfɪtəbl/

profitable

利益を生む

Meaning

yielding profit or financial gain

Example

The company has become highly profitable after the new strategy was implemented.

新しい戦略が実行された後、会社は非常に利益を上げました。

B2 adjective /prɪˈdɒmɪnənt/

predominant

優勢な

Meaning

Having superior strength, influence, or authority; most common or noticeable.

Example

The predominant color in the painting is blue.

絵画の中で優勢な色は青です。

B2 adverb /prɪˈzjuːməbli/

presumably

おそらく

Meaning

used to convey that something is assumed to be true though not known for certain

Example

Presumably, he forgot to send the email.

おそらく、彼はメールを送るのを忘れた。

B2 noun ˌfoʊ.t̬oʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs

photosynthesis

光合成

Meaning

The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

Example

Plants depend on photosynthesis for survival.

植物は生存のために光合成に依存している。

B2 noun /pɪtʃ/

pitch

音程、投げ

Meaning

the quality of a sound; the level or degree of intensity; a throw or toss

Example

The singer's pitch was perfect during the performance.

歌手の音程はパフォーマンス中完璧でした。

B2 adverb /ˈpjʊərli/

purely

純粋に

Meaning

only and completely; entirely

Example

The decision was purely based on economic factors.

その決定は完全に経済的な要因に基づいていました。

B2 noun pɛsts

pests

害虫, 害を及ぼす動物

Meaning

Harmful or troublesome creatures, especially insects or small animals that damage crops, food, or living spaces.

Example

Pests can damage crops and cause diseases.

害虫は作物を損傷し、病気を引き起こす可能性があります。

B2 noun, verb, adjective /ˈpeɪtənt/ or /ˈpætənt/

patent

特許

Meaning

a government license granting exclusive rights to an inventor; also to obtain such rights

Example

He patented his new invention to protect it from being copied.

彼は自分の新しい発明をコピーから守るために特許を取った。

B2 adverb /ˈprez.ənt.li/

Presently

現在; すぐに; しばらくして

Meaning

at the present time; soon; in a little while

Example

The doctor will see you presently.

医者はすぐにあなたを診ます。

B2 noun /ˈpɪt.ʃər/

Pitcher

ピッチャー, 水差し

Meaning

a large container with a handle and spout used for storing and pouring liquids

Example

The water pitcher on the table was filled with ice-cold lemonade.

テーブルの上の水差しは氷冷たくてレモネードが入っていた。

B2 noun prəˈtæɡənɪst

protagonist

主人公

Meaning

The leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.

Example

Charles Darnay is one of the protagonists of the story.

チャールズ・ダーネイは物語の主要な登場人物の一人です。

B2 verb /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

preceded

先行した

Meaning

came before something in time, order, or position

Example

Dark clouds preceded the heavy rainfall.

暗い雲が大雨に先立って現れた。

B2 adjective /poʊˈɛt.ɪk/

poetic

詩的な

Meaning

having qualities of poetry; expressive, beautiful, or imaginative

Example

Her speech had a poetic rhythm that captivated the audience.

彼女のスピーチには、観客を魅了する詩的なリズムがあった。

B2 verb /prɪˈveɪl/

prevail

勝つ

Meaning

To prove more powerful or superior; to be widespread or common.

Example

Justice will always prevail over injustice.

正義は常に不正に勝る。

Meaning

an animal hunted by another for food; to hunt and feed on

Example

Lions prey on zebras in the wild.

B2 noun /ˈpɛbl/

pebble

小石

Meaning

a small smooth stone found on beaches or rivers

Example

He threw a pebble into the pond and watched the ripples.

彼は小石を池に投げ入れて、波を見ていました。

B2 verb /pəˈzɛs/

possess

持つ / 所有する

Meaning

To have or own something; to hold a quality or characteristic.

Example

She possesses great talent in music.

彼女は音楽において素晴らしい才能を持っています。

B2 noun /pænt/

Pant

パンツ

Meaning

a piece of clothing worn on the lower body covering each leg separately

Example

She bought a new pair of pants for the party.

彼女はパーティーのために新しいパンツを買った。

B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/

psychologist

心理学者

Meaning

a person who studies mental processes and behavior

Example

The psychologist helped him cope with his anxiety.

心理学者は彼が不安に対処するのを助けました。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒb.ə.bəl/

Probable

可能性がある

Meaning

likely to happen; expected; plausible

Example

It is probable that it will rain tomorrow according to the weather forecast.

天気予報によると、明日は雨が降る可能性が高いです。

B2 noun pərˈsweɪ.ʒən

persuasion

論理や感情で誰かを説得する

Meaning

The act of convincing someone to change their viewpoint through reasoning or emotion.

Example

Effective persuasion is key to a successful speech.

効果的な説得は、成功したスピーチの鍵です。

B2 noun /ˈpæm.flət/

pamphlet

パンフレット

Meaning

a small booklet or brochure containing information or arguments about a subject

Example

The health department distributed a pamphlet about nutrition.

健康部門は栄養に関するパンフレットを配布しました。

B2 noun /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

Phobia

極端な恐怖; 嫌悪

Meaning

an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something

Example

She has a phobia of spiders.

彼女はクモに対してフォビアがあります。

B2 noun /prəˈvɪʒ.ən/

Provision

備蓄

Meaning

supplies of food and other necessary things; arrangement or preparation

Example

The government made provision for emergency supplies during the flood.

政府は洪水時の緊急供給のために備蓄を行いました。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rə.si/

Piracy

海賊行為

Meaning

the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea; the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material

Example

Software piracy costs companies billions of dollars annually.

ソフトウェアの海賊行為は毎年企業に数十億ドルの損失をもたらします。

Meaning

a round fruit with thick red skin containing many small red seeds with juice

Example

The pomegranate seeds were sweet and refreshing.

B2 adjective /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/

plausible

もっともらしい、または可能性がある

Meaning

Seeming reasonable or probable; credible or believable.

Example

His excuse seemed plausible, but I had my doubts.

彼の言い訳はもっともらしく見えたが、私は疑念を抱いていた。

B2 noun /ˈpeə.rən.tɪŋ/

parenting

育児

Meaning

The care and training a child receives while growing up, involving the development of their mental, physical, and social aspects.

Example

Effective parenting helps children develop confidence and independence.

効果的な育児は、子供たちが自信と独立心を育むのを助けます。

B2 adjective /ˈprɛf(ə)rəb(ə)l/

preferable

好ましい

Meaning

more desirable or suitable; better than something else

Example

It is preferable to take the train rather than drive in heavy traffic.

渋滞時には車を運転するより、電車を利用する方が好ましい。

B2 verb /plaʊ/

plough

耕す

Meaning

to break up and turn over soil using a plough; to move through something with difficulty

Example

The farmer ploughs the field every spring.

農家は毎年春に畑を耕します。

B2 noun ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪdz

pesticides

農薬

Meaning

Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Example

Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.

過剰な農薬の使用は環境に害を及ぼす可能性があります。

B2 adjective ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk

prehistoric

先史時代の, 書かれた記録の前の時間

Meaning

Belonging to the time before written records.

Example

The prehistoric era was marked by the rise of early humans.

先史時代は初期の人類の台頭によって特徴付けられました。

B2 adverb /ˈpraɪ.vət.li/

Privately

個人的に; 内密に

Meaning

in a private manner; without others present; confidentially

Example

She spoke to him privately about the matter.

彼女はその問題について彼と個人的に話しました。

B2 noun /prɒp/

prop

小道具

Meaning

an object used on stage by actors during a performance; something that supports or holds up

Example

The actor forgot his prop on stage.

俳優はステージで小道具を忘れた。

B2 adjective /ˈplen.tɪ.fəl/

Plentiful

豊富な; 大量の

Meaning

abundant; existing in large quantity

Example

The harvest was plentiful this year due to good weather.

今年は良い天気のおかげで収穫が豊富でした。

B2 noun prəˈsiːdɪŋz

proceedings

手続き

Meaning

An event or a series of activities involving a formal or set procedure.

Example

The proceedings discussed language issues.

手続きでは言語の問題が議論されました。

B2 noun /prɪˈtens/

Pretence

偽り

Meaning

an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true

Example

He made no pretence of being interested in the conversation.

彼は会話に興味があるふりをしなかった。

B2 noun /ˈprɒs.pekts/

prospects

見通し

Meaning

The possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.

Example

The prospects for growth look promising.

成長の見通しは有望に見えます。

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətri/

psychiatry

精神医学

Meaning

the branch of medicine focused on the study and treatment of mental illness

Example

She decided to study psychiatry to help people with mental health issues.

彼女は精神疾患に苦しむ人々を助けるために精神医学を学ぶことを決めました。

B2 noun /ˈprəʊsesə/

processor

プロセッサ

Meaning

a machine or device that processes something, especially a computer's central processing unit (CPU)

Example

The new laptop has a faster processor.

新しいノートパソコンにはより高速なプロセッサがあります。

B2 noun /ˈpɪm.pəl/

Pimple

ニキビ

Meaning

a small, inflamed elevation of the skin; a spot on the skin, especially on the face

Example

She was embarrassed about the pimple on her forehead.

彼女は額のニキビに気まずさを感じていた。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪnənt/

prominent

顕著な

Meaning

Important, famous, or easily noticeable.

Example

He is a prominent leader in the community.

彼はコミュニティの中で著名なリーダーです。

B2 adjective /ˈpæn.ɪ.ki/

Panicky

パニック状態の; 不安と恐怖を示す

Meaning

feeling or showing panic; anxious and fearful

Example

The crowd became panicky when the fire alarm sounded.

火災警報が鳴ると群衆はパニックになった。

B2 noun /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/

prescription

処方箋

Meaning

A written order from a doctor for the preparation and administration of a medicine; also, a recommendation or authoritative rule.

Example

The doctor gave her a prescription for antibiotics.

医者は彼女に抗生物質の処方箋を出しました。

B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

奇妙に; 異常に

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic

Example

She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.

彼女はフォーマルディナーのために、明るい色と珍しい柄の服を着て、特異な方法でドレスアップしました。

B2 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.fəl/

pitiful

悲惨な, 哀れな, とても小さい

Meaning

deserving or arousing pity; very small or inadequate

Example

The team's performance was pitiful compared to last year.

チームのパフォーマンスは昨年に比べて悲惨でした。

B2 noun pəˈspek.tɪvz

perspectives

視点

Meaning

A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.

Example

New perspectives enhance understanding.

新しい視点が理解を深めます。

B2 verb /ˈpenɪtreɪt/

penetrate

貫通する

Meaning

to go into or through something; to understand something deeply

Example

The bullet penetrated the wall.

弾丸は壁を貫通した。

B2 verb /ˈpɑːlɪʃ/

polish

磨く

Meaning

to make smooth and shiny by rubbing; to improve or refine

Example

She needs to polish her shoes before the interview.

面接前に靴を磨かなければならない。

B2 noun /pəˈzeʃ.ən/

Possession

所有権; 財産; 支配

Meaning

something that belongs to someone; the state of having or owning something

Example

The house has been in their family's possession for generations.

その家は何世代にもわたって彼らの家族の所有物です。

B2 verb /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/

persevere

忍耐する

Meaning

to continue trying to achieve something despite difficulty or delay

Example

He persevered through many failures before succeeding.

彼は多くの失敗を乗り越えて成功しました。

B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

physicist

物理学者

Meaning

a scientist who studies or specializes in physics

Example

The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.

物理学者は学生たちに相対性理論を説明しました。

B2 noun /ˈpɪs.təl/

Pistol

ピストル

Meaning

a small gun that can be held and fired with one hand

Example

The officer drew his pistol from the holster.

警官はホルスターからピストルを抜きました。

B2 noun /fɪˈlɒsəfə/

philosopher

哲学者

Meaning

a person engaged in the study of philosophy or in serious thinking about fundamental questions

Example

Socrates was a famous philosopher of ancient Greece.

ソクラテスは古代ギリシャの有名な哲学者でした。

B2 noun /pætʃ/

Patch

パッチ

Meaning

a small piece of material used to mend a hole; a small area of something different

Example

She sewed a patch over the hole in her jeans.

彼女はジーンズの穴にパッチを縫い付けました。

B2 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.zən.əs/

Poisonous

有毒; 毒性; 致命的

Meaning

containing poison; toxic; deadly

Example

The snake is highly poisonous and dangerous.

そのヘビは非常に有毒で危険です。

B2 noun /ˌproʊɪˈbɪʃən/

prohibition

禁止

Meaning

The act of forbidding something by law or authority.

Example

The government announced the prohibition of smoking in public places.

政府は公共の場での喫煙禁止を発表した。

B2 adjective /ˈprɛdʒədɪst/

prejudiced

偏見のある

Meaning

having or showing a dislike or bias against a person or group without proper reason

Example

He was prejudiced against people from other regions.

彼は他の地域の人々に対して偏見を持っていた。

B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/

prosecution

起訴

Meaning

The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.

Example

The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.

起訴側は被告人に対して強力な証拠を提出しました。

B2 noun ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm

patriotism

愛国心

Meaning

The quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one's country.

Example

Victory Day reflects the patriotism of the entire nation.

勝利の日は国全体の愛国心を反映しています。

Meaning

a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole

Example

The proportion of students passing the exam was high.

B2 adjective ˌpaɪəˈnɪə.rɪŋ

pioneering

先駆的

Meaning

Involving new ideas or methods; innovative and original.

Example

Pioneering efforts often lead to success.

先駆的な努力はしばしば成功につながります。

B2 noun prəˈvɪʒ.ənz

provisions

規定

Meaning

A condition or requirement in a legal document; clauses or stipulations.

Example

Provisions must align with public aspirations.

規定は公衆の期待と一致しなければならない。

B2 adjective /ˈprɑːspərəs/

Prosperous

繁栄している; 成功している;

Meaning

successful in material terms; flourishing financially

Example

The company became very prosperous after launching their new product.

その企業は新製品を発売した後、非常に繁栄しました。

B2 adjective /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/

Productive

生産的な

Meaning

efficient; yielding good results; fruitful

Example

Working from home has made me more productive than ever before.

自宅勤務は私をこれまで以上に生産的にしました。

B2 noun /ˈproʊtəkɔːl/

protocol

プロトコル

Meaning

an official procedure or system of rules

Example

The security team followed strict protocol during the event.

セキュリティチームはイベント中に厳格なプロトコルに従いました。

B2 verb /ˈpɒndər/

ponder

深く考える

Meaning

to think about something carefully

Example

She pondered over the meaning of the poem.

彼女は詩の意味について深く考えていました。

B2 adjective /prɪˈzentəbl/

Presentable

見栄えが良い; 公の場に適した

Meaning

neat and suitable for being seen in public; acceptable in appearance

Example

Make sure you look presentable for the job interview.

面接のために見た目をきちんと整えてください。

B2 noun pərˈsɛpʃən

perception

知覚、理解

Meaning

The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses

Example

Our perception of the situation was shaped by our prior experiences.

私たちの状況に対する知覚は、私たちの過去の経験によって形作られました。

B2 adjective /proʊn/

Prone

傾向がある

Meaning

having a tendency to; inclined; lying face down

Example

He is prone to making mistakes when he's tired.

彼は疲れているときにミスをする傾向があります。

B2 verb /ˈpɛrɪʃ/

perish

死ぬ

Meaning

To die, especially in a sudden or violent way.

Example

Many soldiers perished in the war.

多くの兵士は戦争で死んだ。