B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

説教する

Meaning

to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting

Example

The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.

牧師は許しと親切について説教しました。

B2 verb /plaʊ/

plough

耕す

Meaning

to break up and turn over soil using a plough; to move through something with difficulty

Example

The farmer ploughs the field every spring.

農家は毎年春に畑を耕します。

B2 noun /præŋk/

prank

いたずら

Meaning

A trick that is intended to be funny but not harmful.

Example

They played a harmless prank on their friend during the party.

彼らはパーティーで友達と無害ないたずらをしました。

B2 noun ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

productivity

生産性

Meaning

The effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input.

Example

Improved irrigation boosts productivity.

改善された灌漑は生産性を向上させる。

B2 adjective /ˈpɒlɪʃt/

polished

洗練された、精巧で優雅

Meaning

refined, sophisticated, and elegant in appearance or behavior

Example

She gave a polished performance at the recital.

彼女はリサイタルで洗練されたパフォーマンスを披露しました。

B2 noun /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/

partnership

パートナーシップ

Meaning

the state of being a partner or a group of partners

Example

Our partnership has helped both companies grow.

私たちのパートナーシップは、両社の成長に役立ちました。

B2 adjective /plʌmp/

plump

ふくよかまたは丸い

Meaning

having a full, rounded shape; pleasantly fat

Example

The cat was plump and well-fed.

その猫はふくよかでよく食べていました。

B2 noun /ˈpɪm.pəl/

Pimple

ニキビ

Meaning

a small, inflamed elevation of the skin; a spot on the skin, especially on the face

Example

She was embarrassed about the pimple on her forehead.

彼女は額のニキビに気まずさを感じていた。

B2 noun /pɪt/

pit

穴

Meaning

a large hole in the ground or a hollow area

Example

The workers dug a deep pit to build the foundation.

労働者たちは基礎を作るために深い穴を掘った。

B2 adverb /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/

predominantly

主に

Meaning

mainly; for the most part

Example

The population in the city is predominantly young.

その都市の人口は主に若いです。

B2 noun prəˈdʒɛk.ʃən

projection

声の投影

Meaning

The strength and range of voice when speaking.

Example

Proper projection ensures that every listener hears clearly.

適切なプロジェクションは、すべての聴衆が明確に聞こえることを保証します。

B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

部分的; 偏見のある;

Meaning

incomplete; showing bias or prejudice

Example

The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.

裁判官は被告人に有利な部分的な決定を下した。

B2 verb prəˈlɔŋd

prolonged

延長された

Meaning

Extended in duration; made to last longer than usual.

Example

Modern medicine has prolonged life expectancy.

現代医療は寿命を延長しました。

B2 noun /ˈpɛbl/

pebble

小石

Meaning

a small smooth stone found on beaches or rivers

Example

He threw a pebble into the pond and watched the ripples.

彼は小石を池に投げ入れて、波を見ていました。

B2 noun /ˈplæn.tɪn/

Plantain

プランテンバナナ

Meaning

a large green banana-like fruit that is usually cooked before eating

Example

Plantain can be fried, boiled, or baked and is a staple food in many tropical countries.

プランテンバナナは揚げたり、茹でたり、焼いたりでき、多くの熱帯地域では主食です。

B2 adjective + noun ˈpraɪməri əbˈdʒektɪv

primary objective

主要な目標

Meaning

The main goal or chief aim of an activity, project, or endeavor.

Example

The primary objective of the event was to promote recycling.

イベントの主要な目標はリサイクルの推進でした。

B2 adjective /ˌfɪl.əˈsɒf.ɪ.kəl/

philosophical

哲学的

Meaning

relating to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

She maintained a calm and philosophical attitude during the crisis.

危機の間、彼女は冷静で哲学的な態度を保ちました。

B2 adjective ˈpeɪn.ləs

painless

痛みなし

Meaning

Not causing pain; involving little effort or stress.

Example

Modern methods ensure painless treatment.

現代の方法は痛みのない治療を保証します。

B2 noun /prɪˈdɪk.ʃən/

Prediction

予測

Meaning

a statement about what will happen in the future; a forecast

Example

The weather prediction says it will rain tomorrow.

天気予報は明日雨が降ると言っています。

B2 noun /prəˈvɪʒ.ən/

Provision

備蓄

Meaning

supplies of food and other necessary things; arrangement or preparation

Example

The government made provision for emergency supplies during the flood.

政府は洪水時の緊急供給のために備蓄を行いました。

B2 noun /ˈpæd.i/

Paddy

未加工の米; 稲田

Meaning

rice in its natural state before processing; a field where rice is grown

Example

The farmers worked hard in the paddy fields during harvest season.

農家は収穫の季節に稲田で懸命に働きました。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.θən/

Python

ニシキヘビ

Meaning

a large non-venomous snake that kills prey by constriction

Example

The python wrapped around its prey tightly.

ニシキヘビは獲物をきつく巻きつけました。

B2 noun /prəˈvaɪdər/

provider

提供者

Meaning

a person or thing that provides something.

Example

The service provider ensures that all customers receive timely support.

サービス提供者はすべての顧客がタイムリーにサポートを受けることを確実にします。

B2 adjective /ˈplen.tɪ.fəl/

Plentiful

豊富な; 大量の

Meaning

abundant; existing in large quantity

Example

The harvest was plentiful this year due to good weather.

今年は良い天気のおかげで収穫が豊富でした。

B2 noun /ˈpʌŋk.tʃər/

Puncture

パンク

Meaning

a small hole in a tire that causes air to escape

Example

I had to fix a puncture in my bicycle tire this morning.

今朝、自転車のタイヤのパンクを修理しなければなりませんでした。

B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

ペシミズム

Meaning

A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.

Example

Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.

彼女の絶え間ないペシミズムは、楽観的でいるのを難しくしていた。

B2 noun/verb /ˈpriːfɪks/

prefix

接頭辞; 前に何かを追加する

Meaning

a word, letter, or number placed before another; as a verb, to add something in front of something else

Example

Developers often prefix variables with an underscore.

開発者はしばしば変数にアンダースコアをプレフィックスとして追加します。

B2 noun /pəˈtɪʃən/

petition

請願書

Meaning

a formal written request, typically signed by many people, appealing to authority about a cause

Example

They signed a petition to improve road safety in the area.

彼らはその地域の道路安全を改善するために請願書に署名しました。

Meaning

to touch someone or something gently, often to show affection or approval

Example

She gently patted the dog on its head.

B2 adverb /ˈpʌb.lɪk.li/

Publicly

公然と; 公開で;

Meaning

in a public manner; openly; for everyone to see or know

Example

The company publicly announced their new policy.

その会社は新しい方針を公開で発表しました。

B2 noun /ˈfɪʃ.ɪŋ/

phishing

詐欺による情報盗取

Meaning

The fraudulent practice of sending emails purporting to be from reputable companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information.

Example

Phishing emails often trick people into revealing passwords.

フィッシングメールは、しばしば人々をだましてパスワードを明かさせます。

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətri/

psychiatry

精神医学

Meaning

the branch of medicine focused on the study and treatment of mental illness

Example

She decided to study psychiatry to help people with mental health issues.

彼女は精神疾患に苦しむ人々を助けるために精神医学を学ぶことを決めました。

B2 adjective /ˈpæn.ɪ.ki/

Panicky

パニック状態の; 不安と恐怖を示す

Meaning

feeling or showing panic; anxious and fearful

Example

The crowd became panicky when the fire alarm sounded.

火災警報が鳴ると群衆はパニックになった。

B2 verb /piːp/

peep

覗く

Meaning

to look quickly or secretly; to make a short high sound

Example

The child tried to peep through the keyhole.

子供は鍵穴から覗こうとした。

B2 noun /ˌproʊɪˈbɪʃən/

prohibition

禁止

Meaning

The act of forbidding something by law or authority.

Example

The government announced the prohibition of smoking in public places.

政府は公共の場での喫煙禁止を発表した。

B2 noun /ˈpes.ə.mɪst/

Pessimist

悲観主義者

Meaning

a person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believes that the worst will happen; someone who lacks hope or confidence in the future

Example

Being a pessimist, he always expected the worst outcome.

悲観主義者として、彼はいつも最悪の結果を期待していました。

B2 adjective /ˈplɛʒərəbl/

pleasurable

楽しませる、快適な

Meaning

giving pleasure or enjoyment

Example

Reading a good book is a pleasurable activity.

良い本を読むことは楽しい活動です。

B2 noun /ˈpref.ər.əns/

Preference

優先

Meaning

a greater liking for one alternative over another or others

Example

She has a preference for classical music over pop music.

彼女はポップ音楽よりもクラシック音楽を好む。

B2 adjective /ˈpen.dɪŋ/

Pending

保留中; 未決定; 進行中

Meaning

awaiting; not yet decided or settled; in the process of being completed

Example

The application is still pending approval.

申請はまだ承認待ちです。

B2 verb /prɪˈskrʌɪb/

prescribe

処方する

Meaning

to recommend or authorize the use of something, especially medicine

Example

The doctor prescribed medication for my cold.

医者は私の風邪のために薬を処方しました。

B2 noun /ˌprɒp.əˈɡæn.də/

Propaganda

プロパガンダ; 噂

Meaning

information spread to promote a particular political cause or point of view

Example

The government used propaganda to influence public opinion during the war.

政府は戦争中に世論に影響を与えるためにプロパガンダを使用した。

B2 verb /prɪˈzjuːm/

presume

仮定する

Meaning

To suppose something is true without proof; to take for granted.

Example

I presume she has already left for the meeting.

私は彼女がすでに会議に出かけたと思います。

B2 adjective /prəˈtɛktɪv/

protective

保護的な

Meaning

giving or capable of giving protection; shielding from harm or danger

Example

She wore a protective helmet while riding her bike.

彼女は自転車に乗るときに保護的なヘルメットをかぶっていました。

B2 adjective /praɪm/

prime

最優先, 重要な

Meaning

Of the best quality; most important; peak condition.

Example

She is in the prime of her career.

彼女はキャリアの最良の時期にいます。

B2 verb /ˈpiːtər/

peter

次第に弱まる

Meaning

to diminish gradually and come to an end; to fade or dwindle away

Example

The excitement of the event began to peter out after a few hours.

イベントの興奮は数時間後に次第に収束し始めた。

B2 noun /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

Phobia

極端な恐怖; 嫌悪

Meaning

an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something

Example

She has a phobia of spiders.

彼女はクモに対してフォビアがあります。

B2 noun /plæˈtoʊ/

plateau

高原、平坦な土地、変化の少ない時期

Meaning

an elevated flat area of land or a period of little change

Example

After months of growth, sales reached a plateau.

数ヶ月の成長の後、売上はプラトーに達した。

B2 verb /pəˈzɛs/

possess

持つ / 所有する

Meaning

To have or own something; to hold a quality or characteristic.

Example

She possesses great talent in music.

彼女は音楽において素晴らしい才能を持っています。

B2 adjective /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/

Productive

生産的な

Meaning

efficient; yielding good results; fruitful

Example

Working from home has made me more productive than ever before.

自宅勤務は私をこれまで以上に生産的にしました。

B2 verb /prɪˈzɜːv/

preserve

保存する

Meaning

to keep something in its original state; to protect from harm or decay

Example

We must preserve our natural environment.

私たちは自然環境を保存しなければなりません。

B2 adjective /fəˈnɒmɪnəl/

phenomenal

非凡

Meaning

extraordinary, remarkable, or exceptional in a way that is very impressive

Example

The team achieved phenomenal success in the tournament.

チームはトーナメントで非凡な成功を収めました。

B2 adjective /pəˈθet.ɪk/

Pathetic

哀れな; 惨めな

Meaning

arousing pity; extremely poor or inadequate

Example

His pathetic attempt to apologize made things worse.

彼の悲惨な謝罪の試みは事態をさらに悪化させた。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

チャンピオン決定戦

Meaning

a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams

Example

The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.

チームは強いシーズン後にプレーオフに進出しました。

B2 noun /ˈpeɪtrən/

patron

後援者

Meaning

a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, or cause

Example

The library is supported by generous patrons.

図書館は寛大な後援者によって支えられています。

B2 noun /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

proceeding

手続き

Meaning

a course of action; often used for a legal process or event

Example

The court proceedings lasted for several hours.

裁判所の手続きは数時間続きました。

B2 adjective /ˈprɛf(ə)rəb(ə)l/

preferable

好ましい

Meaning

more desirable or suitable; better than something else

Example

It is preferable to take the train rather than drive in heavy traffic.

渋滞時には車を運転するより、電車を利用する方が好ましい。

B2 verb /prəˈhɪbɪt/

prohibit

禁止する

Meaning

to forbid something by law, rule, or other authority

Example

The law prohibits smoking in public places.

法律は公共の場所での喫煙を禁止しています。

B2 noun ˈprɑː.sest fuːdz

processed foods

加工食品

Meaning

Foods that have been altered from their natural state through various methods such as canning, freezing, refrigeration, dehydration and aseptic processing.

Example

Excessive consumption of processed foods leads to health issues.

加工食品の過剰摂取は健康問題を引き起こします。

B2 noun /feɪz/

Phase

段階; 変化や発展の過程での特定の期間または段階

Meaning

a distinct period or stage in a process of change or development

Example

The project is now in its final phase.

プロジェクトは現在最終段階にあります。

B2 verb /pərˈsiːvd/

perceived

幸福

Meaning

to become aware of something through the senses or the mind; to understand or interpret

Example

She perceived a hint of sadness in his voice.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せませんでした。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rət/

Pirate

海賊

Meaning

a person who attacks and robs ships at sea; someone who uses or reproduces copyrighted material illegally

Example

The pirate ship was spotted near the coast.

海賊船が海岸近くで発見された。

B2 noun /pætʃ/

Patch

パッチ

Meaning

a small piece of material used to mend a hole; a small area of something different

Example

She sewed a patch over the hole in her jeans.

彼女はジーンズの穴にパッチを縫い付けました。

B2 noun /ˈpɪl.ɡrɪm/

Pilgrim

巡礼者; 旅行者

Meaning

a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons; a traveler

Example

The pilgrim walked for days to reach the holy shrine.

巡礼者は聖なる神殿に到達するために何日も歩きました。

B2 adjective /ˌpriːməˈtjʊər/

premature

早すぎる

Meaning

Happening or done before the usual or proper time.

Example

His decision to quit the job was premature.

彼の仕事を辞める決断は早すぎた。

B2 noun /ˈpælət/

palette

パレット

Meaning

a thin board or surface on which an artist sets and mixes colors; also a range of colors used in art or design

Example

The artist mixed vibrant shades on her palette before starting the painting.

アーティストは絵を描き始める前にパレットで鮮やかな色合いを混ぜました。

B2 verb /pɔːˈtreɪ/

portray

描く

Meaning

to describe or represent something or someone in a work of art or literature

Example

The novel portrays a vivid picture of life in the countryside.

その小説は田舎での生活の生き生きとした絵を描いています。

B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/

psychology

心理学

Meaning

the scientific study of the mind and behavior

Example

Psychology helps us understand how people think and act.

心理学は人々がどのように考え、行動するかを理解するのに役立ちます。

B2 adjective prɪˈlɪm.ɪ.nər.i

preliminary

予備的な

Meaning

Denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.

Example

Preliminary steps are crucial before the main project.

主要なプロジェクトの前に、予備的なステップは非常に重要です。

B2 verb /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/

prosecute

起訴する

Meaning

to institute legal proceedings against someone

Example

The lawyer decided to prosecute the case after gathering sufficient evidence.

弁護士は十分な証拠を集めた後、訴訟を起こすことを決めました。

B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

戦後の

Meaning

relating to the period after a war has ended

Example

The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.

その国は戦後の時代に急速な経済成長を遂げた。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪsmənt/

placement

配置または割り当て

Meaning

the act of putting something or someone in a particular position or job

Example

The company arranged job placement for the graduates.

会社は卒業生のために就職先を手配しました。

B2 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən/

Passion

情熱

Meaning

strong enthusiasm or excitement for something; intense emotion or feeling

Example

Her passion for music led her to become a professional singer.

音楽への情熱が彼女をプロの歌手に導いた。

愛国者

B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti

prosperity

繁栄

Meaning

The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.

Example

The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.

その国は過去十年間で大きな繁栄を達成しました。

B2 adjective /ˈprɑːspərəs/

Prosperous

繁栄している; 成功している;

Meaning

successful in material terms; flourishing financially

Example

The company became very prosperous after launching their new product.

その企業は新製品を発売した後、非常に繁栄しました。

B2 noun /proʊˈbeɪʃən/

probation

試用期間

Meaning

a period of testing or supervision, especially for offenders or new employees

Example

He was placed on probation for six months.

彼は6か月の試用期間を与えられました。

B2 adjective /ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/

presidential

大統領に関連する

Meaning

relating to a president or presidency

Example

The presidential election is scheduled for next month.

大統領選挙は来月に予定されています。

B2 noun /pɔːrtʃ/

porch

ポーチ

Meaning

a covered area at the entrance of a building, often with a roof and open sides

Example

We sat on the porch and enjoyed the evening breeze.

私たちはポーチに座って、夕方の風を楽しみました。

B2 noun /paʊtʃ/

pouch

ポーチ

Meaning

a small bag or pocket, often used to carry small items

Example

She kept her coins in a small leather pouch.

彼女は小さな革のポーチにコインを入れていました。

B2 noun /ˈprɛdətər/

predator

捕食者

Meaning

An animal that hunts and kills other animals for food.

Example

Lions are powerful predators in the savannah.

ライオンはサバンナで強力な捕食者です。

B2 noun /ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə.rəns/

perseverance

忍耐力

Meaning

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success

Example

His perseverance helped him achieve his dreams.

彼の忍耐力が彼を夢の実現に導いた。

B2 noun /pæd/

pad

パッド

Meaning

a small cushion or block of soft material; also a set of sheets of paper fastened together

Example

He wrote her phone number on a yellow pad.

彼は黄色いパッドに彼女の電話番号を書いた。

B2 adjective ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv

proactive

積極的

Meaning

Taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens.

Example

Proactive strategies are needed to combat scarcity.

不足に対処するために積極的な戦略が必要です。

B2 verb /ˈpɛrɪʃ/

perish

死ぬ

Meaning

To die, especially in a sudden or violent way.

Example

Many soldiers perished in the war.

多くの兵士は戦争で死んだ。

B2 noun /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.ti/

Purity

純粋さ; 清潔さ; 汚染からの自由

Meaning

the state of being pure; cleanness or freedom from contamination

Example

The purity of the mountain water was remarkable.

山の水の純粋さは注目に値しました。

B2 noun /ˈpɜr.mə.nəns/

Permanence

永続性

Meaning

the state or quality of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely; enduring nature

Example

The permanence of the stone monument impressed all visitors.

石の記念碑の永久性はすべての訪問者に印象を与えました。

B2 noun fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nə

phenomena

現象

Meaning

Facts or situations that are observed to exist or happen, especially ones whose cause or explanation is in question.

Example

Phenomena like floods disrupt agricultural systems.

洪水のような現象は農業システムに影響を与える。

B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

physicist

物理学者

Meaning

a scientist who studies or specializes in physics

Example

The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.

物理学者は学生たちに相対性理論を説明しました。

B2 verb /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

preceded

先行した

Meaning

came before something in time, order, or position

Example

Dark clouds preceded the heavy rainfall.

暗い雲が大雨に先立って現れた。

B2 verb /prɪˈveɪl/

prevail

勝つ

Meaning

To prove more powerful or superior; to be widespread or common.

Example

Justice will always prevail over injustice.

正義は常に不正に勝る。

B2 noun /pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti/

Publicity

宣伝

Meaning

public attention or notice given to someone or something; advertising or promotion

Example

The movie received a lot of publicity before its release.

その映画は公開前に多くの宣伝を受けました。

B2 noun /prɒp/

prop

小道具

Meaning

an object used on stage by actors during a performance; something that supports or holds up

Example

The actor forgot his prop on stage.

俳優はステージで小道具を忘れた。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒfɪtəbl/

profitable

利益を生む

Meaning

yielding profit or financial gain

Example

The company has become highly profitable after the new strategy was implemented.

新しい戦略が実行された後、会社は非常に利益を上げました。

B2 noun, verb /ˈpɛdəl/

pedal

足で操作するレバー

Meaning

A foot-operated lever for powering or controlling a mechanism, especially on a bicycle.

Example

He pressed down hard on the bicycle pedal.

彼は自転車のペダルを力いっぱい踏んだ。

B2 verb /pliːd/

plead

嘆願する

Meaning

to make an emotional appeal; to present a case in court

Example

She pleaded for mercy.

彼女は慈悲を乞いました。

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

psychiatrist

精神科医

Meaning

a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness

Example

The psychiatrist prescribed medication for the patient’s anxiety.

精神科医は患者の不安に対して薬を処方しました。

B2 noun /ˈprɛʃər ˈkʊkər/

Pressure cooker

圧力鍋

Meaning

a sealed cooking pot that uses steam pressure to cook food faster

Example

Using a pressure cooker reduces cooking time by more than half.

圧力鍋を使うと、調理時間が半分以上短縮されます。