C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

所有者

Meaning

A person who owns or holds something.

Example

The possessor of the land built a new house.

土地の所有者は新しい家を建てました。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

簡潔で意味深い

Meaning

concise and meaningful; full of substance

Example

She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.

彼女は問題を完璧に要約した簡潔なコメントをしました。

C2 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡæmɪst/

polygamist

重婚者

Meaning

a person who has more than one spouse at the same time

Example

The polygamist had three wives living in different houses.

ポリガミストは三人の妻が別々の家に住んでいる。

B2 noun /pliː/

Plea

請願; 要求; 弁明

Meaning

an urgent and emotional request; a defendant's formal response to a criminal charge; an excuse or justification

Example

She made a plea for help during the emergency.

緊急時に彼女は助けを求める請願をした。

B2 noun/verb /pɜːrk/

perk

特典

Meaning

A benefit or advantage associated with a job; or to become more lively or cheerful.

Example

One of the perks of working here is free lunch every Friday.

ここで働くことの特典の一つは、毎週金曜日に無料ランチが提供されることです。

C2 noun /ˈpɛnjʊri/

penury

極貧

Meaning

extreme poverty or destitution

Example

He grew up in penury but became successful later in life.

彼は貧困の中で育ちましたが、その後、人生で成功しました。

C2 adjective /ˌpriːpəˈzɛsɪŋ/

prepossessing

魅力的

Meaning

Attractive or appealing in appearance or manner.

Example

She had a prepossessing smile that charmed everyone.

彼女は魅力的な笑顔を持っていて、みんなを魅了した。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːrkəleɪt/

percolate

Meaning

To filter gradually through a porous surface or substance; to spread slowly.

Example

The rainwater percolated through the soil into the groundwater.

C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

親殺し

Meaning

The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.

Example

The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.

悲劇的な事件の後、裁判所は彼を親殺しの罪で裁いた。

C1 adjective /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

paternal

父性的

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a father.

Example

He took a paternal interest in the boy’s education.

彼はその男の子の教育に父性的な関心を示しました。

C2 adjective /prəˈpʌlsɪv/

propulsive

推進的

Meaning

Having the power to drive or push something forward.

Example

The propulsive force of the rocket lifted it off the ground.

ロケットの推進力はそれを地面から持ち上げました。

B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

physicist

物理学者

Meaning

a scientist who studies or specializes in physics

Example

The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.

物理学者は学生たちに相対性理論を説明しました。

C2 noun /ˌpærəˈɡɔːrɪk/

paregoric

アヘンを含む薬

Meaning

a medicine containing opium, once used to relieve pain and diarrhea

Example

Doctors once prescribed paregoric to treat diarrhea in children.

医師はかつて子供の下痢を治療するためにパレゴリックを処方していた。

A2 preposition/conjunction/noun/adjective /plʌs/

plus

プラス/利点

Meaning

in addition to; a positive aspect or advantage

Example

She received an A plus on her exam.

彼女は試験でAプラスを取った。

C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

天意の

Meaning

occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention

Example

Their timely rescue was considered providential.

彼らのタイムリーな救助は天意のものと見なされました。

C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪk/

polemic

論争的な攻撃

Meaning

a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something

Example

The article was a fierce polemic against the government's policies.

その記事は政府の政策に対する激しい論争的な攻撃でした。

C2 noun /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃn/

perturbation

混乱

Meaning

A state of anxiety, disturbance, or disorder.

Example

The announcement caused a perturbation in the financial markets.

発表は金融市場に混乱を引き起こしました。

C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

こっそり歩く（狩りや探索のため）

Meaning

To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.

Example

The cat prowled around the garden at night.

猫は夜、庭の周りを静かに歩いていた。

C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

生物分類における主要なカテゴリー、クラスの上、王国の下

Meaning

a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom

Example

Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.

人間は脊索動物門に属しています。

B2 verb /pliːd/

plead

嘆願する

Meaning

to make an emotional appeal; to present a case in court

Example

She pleaded for mercy.

彼女は慈悲を乞いました。

C1 adjective /ˈpær.ə.nɔɪd/

paranoid

他人に対して不合理な恐怖や疑いを持つこと

Meaning

having an unreasonable fear or suspicion of others

Example

She became paranoid after hearing strange noises outside.

彼女は外で奇妙な音を聞いた後、パラノイアになった。

B1 noun /ˈpʌb.lɪ.ʃər/

Publisher

出版社

Meaning

a person or company that produces and distributes books, magazines, or newspapers

Example

The publisher decided to print 10,000 copies of the new novel.

出版社は新しい小説の10,000部を印刷することに決めました。

C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

絶滅した飛行爬虫類

Meaning

An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.

Example

The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.

博物館には巨大なプテロダクティルの化石が展示されていた。

B1 noun /ˈpælɪs/

palace

宮殿

Meaning

a large and impressive building that is the official home of a king, queen, or other ruler

Example

The royal family lives in a magnificent palace.

王室は素晴らしい宮殿に住んでいます。

B2 adverb /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/

politically

政治的に

Meaning

in a way that relates to politics or government

Example

The country is politically divided between two major parties.

その国は二つの主要な政党の間で政治的に分裂しています。

C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

鎮める

Meaning

To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.

Example

The mother tried to pacify her crying child.

母親は泣いている子を落ち着かせようとした。

B1 noun /ˈprəʊɡræmɪŋ/

programming

プログラミング

Meaning

the process of designing and writing computer programs

Example

He has been learning programming for several months now.

彼は数ヶ月間プログラミングを学んでいます。

C1 verb /ˈpʌlseɪt/

pulsate

脈動する

Meaning

to expand and contract rhythmically; to throb or beat

Example

The neon lights pulsated with a steady rhythm.

ネオンのライトは一定のリズムで脈打っていた。

B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/

prosecution

起訴

Meaning

The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.

Example

The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.

起訴側は被告人に対して強力な証拠を提出しました。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

置換

Meaning

An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.

Example

The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.

パズルはタイルのすべての可能な置換を試すことで解決できます。

B2 adjective /pəˈrɛntəl/

parental

親に関連する

Meaning

relating to a parent or parents; characteristic of a mother or father

Example

Parental guidance is important for a child's development.

子供の成長には親のガイダンスが重要です。

C2 adjective /ˈprɒɡnəθəs/

prognathous

前突顎骨

Meaning

Having jaws that project forward beyond the rest of the face.

Example

The fossil displayed a distinctly prognathous skull structure.

化石は明確に前突顎骨の構造を示していた。

B2 noun, verb /ˈplɑːstər/

plaster

プラスター, 修理する

Meaning

a soft mixture applied to walls or used to cover wounds; or to cover or coat with plaster

Example

The workers plastered the walls to make them smooth.

作業員たちは壁を滑らかにするためにプラスターを塗った。

A2 verb /prəˈvaɪd/

provide

提供する

Meaning

to give or supply something that is needed or wanted

Example

The teacher will provide extra materials for the students.

教師は学生に追加の資料を提供するでしょう。

B1 verb /pərˈmɪt/

permit

許可する

Meaning

to allow or give permission; to make possible

Example

The teacher permits students to use calculators during the exam.

先生は試験中に学生に計算機の使用を許可しています。

C1 adjective /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/

Pungent

鋭い匂いのする

Meaning

sharp; strong-smelling; acrid;

Example

The pungent smell of garlic filled the kitchen.

にんにくの強い匂いが台所を満たした。

A2 noun /ˈpleɪər/

player

選手

Meaning

a person who participates in a game or sport

Example

The player scored the winning goal.

選手は決勝ゴールを決めました。

A2 verb /prəˈduːs/

produce

生産する

Meaning

to make, create, or manufacture something

Example

The factory produces cars.

工場は車を生産します。

C1 adjective /ˈpriːmə/

prima

主要な, 優れた

Meaning

first or most important; excellent

Example

She was treated as the prima ballerina of the troupe.

彼女はグループのプリマバレリーナとして扱われました。

C2 adjective /pəˈlædʒ.ɪk/

pelagic

外洋に関連する

Meaning

Relating to the open sea or ocean water column, away from the shore.

Example

Pelagic fish like tuna are found far from the coast.

ツナのような外洋性の魚は海岸から遠くで見つかります。

A1 noun /ˈpɑːpə/

papa

お父さん

Meaning

an informal or affectionate term for one’s father

Example

Papa is picking me up from school today.

パパは今日学校に迎えに来る。

B2 verb /ˈpenɪtreɪt/

penetrate

貫通する

Meaning

to go into or through something; to understand something deeply

Example

The bullet penetrated the wall.

弾丸は壁を貫通した。

C1 noun ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən

prioritization

優先順位付け

Meaning

The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.

Example

Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently.

効果的な優先順位付けは、リソースが効率的に使用されることを保証します。

B2 adjective /prəˈpoʊzd/

proposed

提案された

Meaning

suggested or put forward for consideration or discussion

Example

The proposed changes will improve the system.

提案された変更はシステムを改善します。

A1 noun /ˈpɛnsəl/

pencil

Meaning

an instrument for writing or drawing, typically made of wood with a graphite core

Example

He drew a picture with a pencil.

C2 noun /prɔːŋ/

prong

フォークの先端

Meaning

a projecting pointed part, such as one of the pointed ends of a fork

Example

The fork has four prongs.

フォークには4つの先端があります。

C1 adjective /ˈperɪʃəbəl/

Perishable

腐りやすい

Meaning

liable to decay quickly; short-lived

Example

Store perishable foods in the refrigerator.

腐りやすい食品は冷蔵庫に保管してください。

B1 noun prɪˈven.ʃən

prevention

予防

Meaning

The action of stopping something from happening or arising.

Example

Prevention of fascism ensures democracy.

ファシズムの予防は民主主義を保証する。

C1 adjective /pɜːrt/

pert

生意気だけど魅力的

Meaning

attractively lively or cheeky in manner or style

Example

She gave a pert reply that made everyone laugh.

彼女はみんなを笑わせた生意気な返事をした。

B1 noun /paɪp/

pipe

パイプ

Meaning

a tube used for conveying liquids or gases

Example

The plumber fixed the broken pipe.

配管工は壊れたパイプを修理しました。

C2 noun /ˌpæl.ənˈkiːn/

Palanquin

花嫁用の車

Meaning

a covered chair or bed carried on poles by bearers

Example

The bride was carried to the wedding ceremony in an ornate palanquin.

花嫁は装飾されたパランキンで結婚式に運ばれました。

C1 adjective pərˈnɪʃəs

pernicious

有害な, 致命的な

Meaning

Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.

Example

The pernicious effects of smoking are well-documented.

喫煙の有害な影響は十分に記録されています。

B2 noun /piːk/

Peak

頂上

Meaning

the highest point of a mountain or hill; the maximum level or intensity

Example

The climbers reached the peak of Mount Everest.

登山者たちはエベレスト山の頂上に到達した。

C1 verb /præns/

prance

誇らしげに歩く

Meaning

To move with high, springy steps, often to show off or attract attention.

Example

The horse pranced around the field gracefully.

その馬は誇らしげにフィールドを歩いていました。

B2 verb /ˈprɒsɪkjuːt/

prosecute

起訴する

Meaning

to institute legal proceedings against someone

Example

The lawyer decided to prosecute the case after gathering sufficient evidence.

弁護士は十分な証拠を集めた後、訴訟を起こすことを決めました。

A2 noun /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/

parking

駐車場

Meaning

the action or practice of leaving a vehicle in a particular place for a period of time

Example

There was no available parking near the restaurant.

レストランの近くには駐車場がありませんでした。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

無慈悲

Meaning

showing no pity or compassion; cruel

Example

The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.

無慈悲な支配者は自分の民の苦しみを無視した。

C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

占める, 心を占める

Meaning

To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.

Example

Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.

未来についての心配が彼を常に占めている。

A2 noun /ˈprɪzən/

prison

刑務所

Meaning

a building where people are kept as punishment for a crime or while waiting for trial

Example

He was sent to prison for his crimes.

彼は犯罪のために刑務所に送られた。

C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

賢明な、慎重な

Meaning

shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters

Example

It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.

論争中に沈黙を守るのは賢明な判断だった。

A2 noun /ˈpɜːpəs/

purpose

目的

Meaning

the reason for which something is done or created

Example

The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new project.

この会議の目的は新しいプロジェクトについて議論することです。

C2 noun /ˈpɛdɪmənt/

pediment

三角形のペディメント

Meaning

a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, often in classical architecture

Example

The ancient temple had a pediment decorated with sculptures.

古代の寺院には彫刻で飾られたペディメントがありました。

B2 adjective /prəˈfɪʃ.ənt/

proficient

熟練した

Meaning

Competent or skilled in doing or using something; having great knowledge or experience.

Example

She is highly proficient in multiple languages.

彼女は多言語に非常に熟練しています。

B2 noun /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/

philosophy

哲学

Meaning

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

Her philosophy emphasizes kindness and empathy.

彼女の哲学は親切さと共感を強調しています。

C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

積極的貯蓄

Meaning

Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs

Example

Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.

プロアクティブセービングは老後の財政的安定を確保します。

B2 verb /plaʊ/

plough

耕す

Meaning

to break up and turn over soil using a plough; to move through something with difficulty

Example

The farmer ploughs the field every spring.

農家は毎年春に畑を耕します。

C1 adjective /pəˈrɛniəl/

perennial

永続的

Meaning

lasting or existing for a long time, or recurring continually

Example

Climate change is a perennial concern for scientists.

気候変動は科学者にとって永続的な関心事です。

C2 verb /ˈprɛsɪdʒ/

presage

予兆

Meaning

to be a sign or warning that something will happen; to foreshadow

Example

Dark clouds presage a storm.

暗い雲が嵐を予告する。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊtənsi/

potency

効力

Meaning

The power or ability of something to affect or influence; strength or effectiveness.

Example

The potency of the new medicine amazed the doctors.

新薬の効力に医者たちは驚きました。

A2 noun /ˈpjuːpəl/

pupil

生徒; 瞳

Meaning

a student, especially a young one; the central opening of the eye that lets in light

Example

The pupil listened carefully to the teacher during class.

生徒は授業で先生の話を注意深く聞いた。

A1 noun ˈfoʊtoʊz

Photos

写真

Meaning

Photographs; pictures taken with a camera.

Example

Adding photos to a family tree makes it more personal.

家系図に写真を追加すると、より個人的になります。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpɔːrt/

purport

主張する

Meaning

to claim or profess something, often falsely

Example

The document purports to be an official government report.

その文書は公式な政府報告書であると主張しています。

B2 noun prəˈtæɡənɪst

protagonist

主人公

Meaning

The leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie, novel, or other fictional text.

Example

Charles Darnay is one of the protagonists of the story.

チャールズ・ダーネイは物語の主要な登場人物の一人です。

B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti

prosperity

繁栄

Meaning

The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.

Example

The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.

その国は過去十年間で大きな繁栄を達成しました。

C2 adjective /prɪˈpɒndərənt/

preponderant

優勢な

Meaning

Having superior weight, force, influence, or importance.

Example

The preponderant influence of the media shapes public opinion.

メディアの優勢な影響は、公共の意見を形成します。

C2 noun /ˌpætrəˈnɪmɪk/

patronymic

父系姓

Meaning

a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor

Example

In many cultures, surnames are patronymic in origin.

多くの文化では、姓は父系姓に由来します。

B2 adjective /ˌprɒb.ləˈmæt.ɪk/

Problematic

問題のある; 問題を引き起こす

Meaning

causing problems; troublesome; difficult to deal with

Example

The new policy changes are problematic and need to be reviewed.

新しい政策変更は問題があり、再評価する必要があります。

A2 adjective /ˈpraɪ.vət/

Private

プライベート; 秘密の; 公開しない; 個人的な

Meaning

personal; confidential; not public; individual

Example

This is a private conversation between two friends.

これは二人の友達の間のプライベートな会話です。

B2 noun pəˈluː.tənts

pollutants

汚染物質

Meaning

A substance that pollutes or contaminates the environment.

Example

Pollutants contribute to environmental degradation.

汚染物質は環境劣化を引き起こします。

C2 noun /ˈpɔːrfəri/

porphyry

硬い火成岩

Meaning

A hard igneous rock containing crystals, often used for decorative or building purposes.

Example

The ancient Romans used porphyry to make columns and statues.

古代ローマ人はポルフィリを使って柱や彫像を作った。

A2 adjective /ˈplɛzənt/

pleasant

楽しい、快適な

Meaning

giving a sense of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction

Example

We had a pleasant evening at the park.

私たちは公園で楽しい夜を過ごしました。

C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

試験監督者

Meaning

a person who supervises students during an examination

Example

The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.

試験監督者は学生に携帯電話を切るように注意しました。

C1 adjective /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪˌteɪtɪd/

premeditated

計画的

Meaning

planned in advance; done deliberately

Example

The crime was clearly premeditated.

その犯罪は明らかに計画的だった。

C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

ペリウィンクル

Meaning

a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers

Example

Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.

紫色のペリウィンクルが美しく庭の地面を覆っていました。

B2 adjective /ˈpʌz.lɪŋ/

Puzzling

不可解な

Meaning

confusing; perplexing;

Example

The scientist found the results puzzling.

科学者はその結果を謎めいたと感じた。

B2 noun prəʊb

probe

探査機

Meaning

An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.

Example

The probe collected data from the planet's surface.

そのプローブは惑星の表面からデータを収集しました。

A2 noun /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/

photography

写真

Meaning

the art or practice of taking and processing photographs

Example

She studied photography in college.

彼女は大学で写真を学びました。

B1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk/

Peacock

クジャク

Meaning

a large bird with beautiful colorful tail feathers that can spread out like a fan

Example

The magnificent peacock displayed its colorful feathers to attract attention.

その素晴らしいクジャクは、注目を集めるために色鮮やかな羽を広げました。

C2 noun /ˌpaɪroʊˈmeɪniæk/

pyromaniac

放火魔

Meaning

A person with an uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.

Example

The pyromaniac was arrested for setting several buildings ablaze.

放火魔は数軒の建物に火をつけたことで逮捕された。

C1 noun /pləˈsiːboʊ/

placebo

プラセボ

Meaning

a substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs

Example

The patient was given a placebo to compare the effect of the real drug.

患者は実際の薬の効果と比較するためにプラセボを与えられました。

B1 adverb /ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl.i/

Practically

実質的に; ほぼ; ほぼ

Meaning

in a practical manner; almost; nearly

Example

The project is practically finished.

そのプロジェクトはほぼ終わりました。

C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

Meaning

A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.

Example

After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.

C2 noun /ˌpɛdəˈɡɒdʒɪks/

pedagogics

教育学

Meaning

the science or art of teaching

Example

He studied pedagogics to become a better teacher.

彼はより良い教師になるために教育学を学びました。

B2 noun /pəˈzeʃ.ən/

Possession

所有権; 財産; 支配

Meaning

something that belongs to someone; the state of having or owning something

Example

The house has been in their family's possession for generations.

その家は何世代にもわたって彼らの家族の所有物です。

B2 adverb /pəˈtɛnʃəli/

potentially

潜在的に

Meaning

with the possibility of becoming something in the future

Example

This project is potentially a huge success.

このプロジェクトはポテンシャリー大きな成功になるかもしれません。

C1 noun /ˈpɔːr.kjə.paɪn/

Porcupine

ヤマアラシ

Meaning

a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on its body

Example

The porcupine raised its quills when threatened.

ヤマアラシは脅威を感じると針を立てた。

B2 noun /ˈpɜr.mə.nəns/

Permanence

永続性

Meaning

the state or quality of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely; enduring nature

Example

The permanence of the stone monument impressed all visitors.

石の記念碑の永久性はすべての訪問者に印象を与えました。

C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

先延ばしする, 延期する

Meaning

To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.

Example

He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.

彼は困難な仕事に直面したとき、先延ばしにしがちです。

C1 noun /prəˈpɛlər/

propeller

プロペラ

Meaning

A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.

Example

The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed.

飛行機のプロペラは大きな速さで空気を切った。

A2 noun /ˈprɒd.ʌkt/

Product

製品

Meaning

something that is manufactured or produced; the result of a process

Example

The company launched a new product in the market.

その会社は市場に新しい製品を発売しました。

B2 adjective /prɪˈpærəˌtɔːri/

Preparatory

準備的な; 入門的な; 準備のための

Meaning

preliminary; introductory; intended as preparation

Example

She attended preparatory classes before the final exam.

彼女は最終試験の前に準備クラスに参加しました。

C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

独自のスタイル

Meaning

Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.

Example

He delivered his speech with great panache.

彼は素晴らしいスタイルでスピーチを行った。

C2 noun/adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtənt/

precipitant

沈殿剤

Meaning

As a noun: a substance that causes a substance to be deposited from a solution; as an adjective: acting hastily or impulsively.

Example

The chemist added a precipitant to the solution to observe the reaction.

化学者は反応を観察するために溶液に沈殿剤を加えました。

B1 noun/verb /ˈprɛʃər/

pressure

プレッシャー

Meaning

the force applied to something or the feeling of stress or tension

Example

The pressure of the situation made him nervous.

その状況のプレッシャーは彼を緊張させました。

C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

無秩序に

Meaning

In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.

Example

The children ran pell-mell through the playground.

子供たちは遊び場を無秩序に走り回った。

C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

音声的な

Meaning

relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation

Example

The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.

先生は生徒たちに難しい単語の音声的な綴りを教えました。

B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

戦後の

Meaning

relating to the period after a war has ended

Example

The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.

その国は戦後の時代に急速な経済成長を遂げた。

C2 verb /ˌpriːɔːrˈdeɪn/

preordain

前もって決める

Meaning

To decide or determine an outcome in advance, especially by fate or divine will.

Example

They believed their meeting was preordained by destiny.

彼らは自分たちの出会いが運命によって前もって決められていると信じていた。

B2 verb /paɪn/

pine

切望する

Meaning

to long intensely for something or someone; to suffer from longing

Example

He pined for his hometown after moving abroad.

海外に引っ越した後、彼は故郷を切望していた。

C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

プラトニック

Meaning

relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual

Example

They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.

彼らは長年続いているプラトニックな友情を持っています。

C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

放蕩

Meaning

Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.

Example

The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.

その小説は、放蕩的なライフスタイルを持つキャラクターを描いています。

B2 noun /ˈprɛfəs/

preface

序文

Meaning

an introduction to a book, speech, or other written work

Example

The author explained his motivation in the preface.

著者は序文で自分の動機を説明しました。

C1 verb /ˈpruːfˌriːd/

proofread

校正する

Meaning

to read written material and mark any errors

Example

She proofread the report before submission.

彼女は提出前にレポートを校正した。

B2 verb /pʌmp/

pump

ポンプする

Meaning

to force liquid or gas to move in a particular direction using a device

Example

They pumped water from the well into the tank.

彼らは井戸からタンクに水をポンプしました。

B1 noun /pəˈpaɪə/

Papaya

パパイヤ

Meaning

a large orange tropical fruit with sweet orange flesh and black seeds

Example

Papaya is rich in vitamins and very good for health.

パパイヤはビタミンが豊富で、健康に非常に良いです。

C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

音声学の

Meaning

relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics

Example

Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.

子供たちは新しい単語を正確に読むために音声学のルールを学びます。

B2 noun /ˈpɒp.i/

Poppy

ケシの花

Meaning

a bright red flower with black seeds, often used as a symbol of remembrance

Example

The red poppy bloomed beautifully in the garden.

赤いケシの花が庭で美しく咲きました。

C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsaɪl/

prehensile

把握するための適応

Meaning

adapted for seizing or grasping, especially by wrapping around an object

Example

The monkey used its prehensile tail to hang from the branch.

サルはそのプリヘンシル尾を使って枝からぶら下がっていた。

C2 adverb /ˈprɒksɪmətli/

proximately

近く

Meaning

In a near or close manner; nearly.

Example

The village lies proximately to the river.

村は川の近くにあります。

C2 noun /pʌɡˈnæsɪti/

pugnacity

好戦的

Meaning

A natural disposition to be combative or aggressive.

Example

The coach admired the player's pugnacity on the field.

コーチはフィールドで選手のパグナシティを賞賛しました。

C2 noun /priˈɛmpʃən/

preemption

優先権

Meaning

The act of taking action before someone else; the right to purchase or act before others.

Example

The company exercised preemption to acquire the land before competitors.

会社は競争相手より先に土地を取得するために優先権を行使しました。