B2 noun /ˈpɔːrɪdʒ/

porridge

Meaning

A soft food made by boiling oats or other grains in milk or water.

Example

She had a bowl of porridge for breakfast.

C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

押し付けがましい

Meaning

excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so

Example

The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.

その販売員はあまりにも押し付けがましく、顧客を遠ざけました。

C1 noun /prəˈspɛktəs/

prospectus

募集要項

Meaning

a printed document that advertises or describes a school, business, or investment offering

Example

The university sent out a prospectus to attract new students.

大学は新しい学生を引き付けるために募集要項を送った。

A2 noun /ˈpleɪər/

player

選手

Meaning

a person who participates in a game or sport

Example

The player scored the winning goal.

選手は決勝ゴールを決めました。

A2 noun /pɒt/

Pot

鍋

Meaning

a deep round container used for cooking food

Example

She put the vegetables in a large pot to make soup.

彼女はスープを作るために大きな鍋に野菜を入れました。

C1 noun /ˈpɑːrlər/

parlor

サロン、店

Meaning

A sitting room in a private house, or a shop providing specified services.

Example

They welcomed the guests into the front parlor.

彼らは前のパーラーでゲストを迎えました。

C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

倒錯

Meaning

showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable

Example

He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.

彼は同僚を困らせることに倒錯した喜びを感じていた。

C1 noun /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛrəpi/

psychotherapy

心理療法

Meaning

The treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means.

Example

She attended weekly psychotherapy sessions to cope with her anxiety.

彼女は不安に対処するために、毎週心理療法のセッションに参加しました。

C2 noun /pəˈnʌmbrə/

penumbra

部分的な影

Meaning

a partially shaded area around the shadow of an object, especially during an eclipse

Example

The moon’s penumbra created a dim shadow over the Earth.

月のペヌンブラが地球上に薄暗い影を作り出しました。

C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

広がる

Meaning

to spread through and be present in every part of something

Example

The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.

新鮮な花の香りが部屋全体に広がった。

C2 noun /ˈpɔːrtɛnt/

portent

前兆

Meaning

A sign or warning that something, especially something momentous or calamitous, is likely to happen.

Example

The sudden drop in stock prices was seen as a portent of economic trouble.

株価の急落は、経済的な問題の前兆として見なされました。

B1 noun /ˈfɪzɪks/

physics

物理学

Meaning

the natural science that studies matter, energy, and the interactions between them

Example

She decided to major in physics at the university.

彼女は大学で物理学を専攻することに決めました。

C1 adjective /ˈplaɪəbəl/

pliable

柔軟な

Meaning

easily bent or flexible; adaptable

Example

The metal is pliable enough to be shaped into jewelry.

その金属は十分に柔軟で、ジュエリーに成形することができます。

C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

予言的

Meaning

accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future

Example

His prophetic words came true after many years.

彼の予言的な言葉は何年も後に現実となった。

C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

鎮める

Meaning

To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.

Example

The mother tried to pacify her crying child.

母親は泣いている子を落ち着かせようとした。

C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

先祖

Meaning

a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something

Example

Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.

研究者たちはその習慣が共通の先祖に遡ることを追跡しました。

B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/

psychologist

心理学者

Meaning

a person who studies mental processes and behavior

Example

The psychologist helped him cope with his anxiety.

心理学者は彼が不安に対処するのを助けました。

C1 adjective /pəˈnɪnsjələr/

peninsular

半島のような

Meaning

Relating to or resembling a peninsula.

Example

The peninsular region is surrounded by water on three sides.

その半島のような地域は、三方向が水で囲まれています。

C1 adjective /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃu.əs/

presumptuous

生意気な

Meaning

Overconfident, rude, or taking liberties without permission.

Example

It was presumptuous of him to make that decision without consulting others.

他が他の人と相談せずにその決定を下したのは生意気だった。

C2 adjective /pjuːˈtrɛsənt/

putrescent

腐敗した

Meaning

undergoing the process of decay; rotting

Example

The putrescent odor made everyone leave the room.

腐敗した臭いでみんな部屋を出て行った。

B1 noun /ˈpæsɪdʒ/

passage

狭い通路; 断片/引用; 一つの状態や場所から他の場所へ移動するプロセス

Meaning

a narrow way through or between; a section of text or music; the process of moving from one state or place to another

Example

The narrow passage led from the courtyard to the library.

狭い通路は中庭から図書館へと続いていた。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

党派の支持者

Meaning

A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.

Example

The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.

議論はすぐに党派的になり、各側は自分のアジェンダを擁護しました。

C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈjuːn/

picayune

ささいな, 些細な

Meaning

of little value or importance; trivial

Example

He complained about the picayune details of the contract.

彼は契約の些細な詳細について不平を言っていました。

A2 noun /ˈprəʊɡræm/

program

プログラム

Meaning

a planned series of events or activities

Example

The program starts at 9 AM sharp.

プログラムは午前9時に正確に始まります。

A2 adjective /ˈprɒpər/

proper

適切な

Meaning

conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality

Example

He made sure to wear proper attire for the interview.

彼は面接のために適切な服を着ることを確認しました。

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

パロディ

Meaning

an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy

Example

The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.

そのコメディ番組は有名な政治家のパロディを特集した。

C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.nəˈlɑː.dʒi/

phonology

音韻論

Meaning

the study of the sound system of a language

Example

She is studying phonology to understand how sounds function in English.

彼女は英語で音がどのように機能するかを理解するために音韻論を勉強しています。

C2 noun /ˈpær.əkˌsɪz.əm/

paroxysm

突然の爆発的な感情

Meaning

A sudden, violent outburst of emotion or activity.

Example

She was seized by a paroxysm of laughter.

彼女は突然の笑いの爆発に襲われた。

C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

精神病

Meaning

A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.

Example

The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.

患者は幻覚を経験した後、精神病と診断されました。

C1 noun prəˈtɛk.ʃə.nɪ.zəm

protectionism

保護主義

Meaning

The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.

Example

The government's protectionism helped local businesses grow.

政府のプロテクショニズムは、地元企業の成長を助けました。

C2 noun /ˌpætrəˈnɪmɪk/

patronymic

父系姓

Meaning

a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor

Example

In many cultures, surnames are patronymic in origin.

多くの文化では、姓は父系姓に由来します。

C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmiəbl̩/

permeable

透過性のある

Meaning

allowing liquids or gases to pass through

Example

The soil in this area is very permeable to water.

この地域の土壌は水に非常に透過性があります。

B2 adjective /prɪˈdɪktəbəl/

predictable

予測可能

Meaning

able to be predicted or foreseen

Example

His reactions were predictable based on his past behavior.

彼の反応は過去の行動に基づいて予測可能でした。

A2 adjective /ˈpaʊə.fəl/

powerful

強力な

Meaning

Having great power or strength.

Example

The James Webb Telescope is the most powerful space observatory.

ジェームズ・ウェブ望遠鏡は最も強力な宇宙望遠鏡です。

A1 noun, verb /pleɪs/

place

場所

Meaning

a particular position or location; to put something in a specific position

Example

She placed the books on the table.

彼女は本をテーブルに置いた。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

置換

Meaning

An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.

Example

The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.

パズルはタイルのすべての可能な置換を試すことで解決できます。

B2 noun /ˈprɛmɪs/

premise

前提 / 建物

Meaning

a statement or idea on which reasoning or an argument is based; also a building or property

Example

His argument was based on a false premise.

彼の議論は誤った前提に基づいていました。

C1 noun ˈpær.ə.daɪm

paradigm

パラダイム

Meaning

A typical example or pattern of something; a model or framework for understanding or approaching something.

Example

The paradigm of education is changing with digital technology.

教育のパラダイムはデジタル技術によって変化しています。

C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

独自のスタイル

Meaning

Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.

Example

He delivered his speech with great panache.

彼は素晴らしいスタイルでスピーチを行った。

C1 noun /ˌprɒk.ləˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Proclamation

布告

Meaning

an official public announcement, especially one made by someone in authority

Example

The king issued a proclamation declaring peace.

王は平和を宣言する布告を出した。

B2 noun /ˈpɜː.tʃəs.ɪŋ ˈpaʊ.ɚ/

purchasing power

購買力

Meaning

The amount of goods and services that can be purchased with a unit of currency.

Example

Due to inflation, people's purchasing power has decreased.

インフレのため、人々の購買力は低下しました。

C2 noun /ˌpæliˈeɪʃən/

palliation

緩和

Meaning

relief of symptoms without curing the underlying disease or problem

Example

Palliation is often the focus of care for terminally ill patients.

緩和ケアは終末期の患者の治療において重要な焦点となります。

B1 verb /pərˈsweɪd/

persuade

幸せ

Meaning

to convince someone to do or believe something through reasoning or argument

Example

He persuaded his friend to join the club.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠せなかった。

C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

神の摂理

Meaning

the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence

Example

They believed their survival was due to divine providence.

彼らは自分たちの生存が神の摂理によるものであると信じていました。

A1 adjective /pʊr/

Poor

貧しい; 質の悪い

Meaning

having little money; lacking resources; of low quality

Example

The poor family struggled to make ends meet.

貧しい家族は生活費を稼ぐために戦っていました。

C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

遅くて退屈な

Meaning

slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort

Example

The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.

その映画は面白かったが、真ん中で少し遅くて退屈だった。

C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

実利主義者

Meaning

A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.

Example

He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.

彼は結果を理想よりも重視する真の実利主義者です。

B2 noun /ˈprəʊsesə/

processor

プロセッサ

Meaning

a machine or device that processes something, especially a computer's central processing unit (CPU)

Example

The new laptop has a faster processor.

新しいノートパソコンにはより高速なプロセッサがあります。

A2 adjective /ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/

Patient

幸せ

Meaning

able to wait calmly; tolerant

Example

She was very patient with her young students.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

A2 adjective /ˈpiːs.fəl/

Peaceful

平和

Meaning

free from disturbance; calm and quiet; not involving war or violence

Example

The garden is a peaceful place to relax.

庭はリラックスするための平和な場所です。

B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

physicist

物理学者

Meaning

a scientist who studies or specializes in physics

Example

The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.

物理学者は学生たちに相対性理論を説明しました。

B1 noun /ˈpɪ.ti/

Pity

憐れみ; 同情;

Meaning

a feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone's misfortune; something that causes regret or disappointment

Example

I felt pity for the homeless man in the rain.

私は雨の中でホームレスの男性に対して憐れみを感じました。

C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

ペリウィンクル

Meaning

a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers

Example

Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.

紫色のペリウィンクルが美しく庭の地面を覆っていました。

C1 noun /pəˈvɪliən/

pavilion

パビリオン

Meaning

A large tent or temporary building, often used for events or exhibitions.

Example

The wedding reception was held in a decorated pavilion.

結婚式のレセプションは装飾されたパビリオンで開催されました。

B2 noun prəˈɡreʃ.ən

progression

進展

Meaning

The process of developing or moving gradually towards a more advanced state.

Example

Progression in technology drives innovation.

技術の進展はイノベーションを促進する。

B2 noun /pliː/

Plea

請願; 要求; 弁明

Meaning

an urgent and emotional request; a defendant's formal response to a criminal charge; an excuse or justification

Example

She made a plea for help during the emergency.

緊急時に彼女は助けを求める請願をした。

C1 adjective /pɒˈstɪəriər/

posterior

後部

Meaning

Situated at or toward the back; later in time.

Example

The posterior part of the brain controls vision.

脳の後部は視覚を制御します。

B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

戦後の

Meaning

relating to the period after a war has ended

Example

The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.

その国は戦後の時代に急速な経済成長を遂げた。

C1 noun /poʊˈɛt.ɪks/

poetics

詩学、詩の理論

Meaning

the study or theory of poetry and its principles

Example

He wrote a book on poetics explaining the art of verse.

彼は詩の技法を説明するポエティクスに関する本を書きました。

B2 adjective /ˈpæsɪv/

passive

受動的; (文法) 受動態

Meaning

not actively responding or participating; in grammar, denoting the voice in which the subject undergoes the action

Example

Instead of taking charge, he remained passive during the meeting.

会議では責任を取る代わりに、彼は受動的なままでした。

C1 noun prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

precipitation

降水

Meaning

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.

Example

Annual precipitation levels are decreasing.

年間降水量は減少しています。

A2 preposition /pɜːr/

per

人あたり

Meaning

for each, according to

Example

The tickets are priced at $20 per person.

チケットは1人あたり20ドルの価格です。

C2 noun /ˌpɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

peculation

横領

Meaning

The act of embezzling or stealing money, especially from public funds.

Example

The minister resigned after being accused of peculation.

大臣は横領の罪で辞任しました。

B1 verb /pəʊs(t)ˈpəʊn/

postpone

延期する

Meaning

to delay something to a later time

Example

The meeting was postponed until next week.

会議は来週に延期されました。

A2 noun ˈpraɪsɪz

prices

価格

Meaning

The amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something.

Example

Rising prices are affecting consumer spending.

上昇する価格は消費者支出に影響を与えています。

B2 adjective /pælɛˈstɪnɪən/

palestinian

パレスチナの

Meaning

relating to Palestine or its people

Example

The Palestinian people have a rich cultural heritage.

パレスチナの人々は豊かな文化遺産を持っています。

C2 noun /ˌpɒl.iˈsɪl.ə.bəl/

polysyllable

多音節語

Meaning

a word with more than one syllable

Example

The word 'elephant' is a polysyllable because it has three syllables.

‘象’という言葉は、3つの音節があるので多音節語です。

B2 noun /prɔːn/

Prawn

エビ

Meaning

a large marine crustacean similar to shrimp but typically bigger

Example

The chef prepared delicious prawn curry with coconut milk.

シェフはココナッツミルクでおいしいエビカレーを作りました。

C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

挑発的

Meaning

Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.

Example

She wore a provocative dress to the party.

彼女はパーティーに挑発的なドレスを着ていた。

C1 noun /ˈpæŋkriəs/

pancreas

膵臓

Meaning

A gland in the abdomen that produces insulin and digestive enzymes.

Example

The pancreas plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

膵臓は消化と血糖の調節に重要な役割を果たしています。

C2 verb /pɔːrˈtɛnd/

portend

前兆

Meaning

To be a sign or warning that something, especially something bad, is going to happen.

Example

Dark clouds portend a storm.

暗い雲は嵐を予兆します。

C2 noun /pʌɡˈnæsɪti/

pugnacity

好戦的

Meaning

A natural disposition to be combative or aggressive.

Example

The coach admired the player's pugnacity on the field.

コーチはフィールドで選手のパグナシティを賞賛しました。

B2 noun /fɪˈzɪʃən/

physician

医師

Meaning

a person qualified to practice medicine; a doctor

Example

The physician prescribed some medicine to treat the condition.

医師はその状態を治療するために薬を処方しました。

C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

philologist

言語学者

Meaning

a person who studies languages and their history

Example

The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution.

言語学者は古代の文献を分析して、言語の進化を理解しようとした。

A2 phrasal verb /pɪk ʌp/

pick up

拾う; 迎えに行く; 身につける

Meaning

to lift something; to collect or receive someone or something; to learn or acquire gradually; to improve or increase

Example

She picked up the book from the floor.

彼女は床から本を拾った。

C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsɪbəl/

prehensible

掴みやすい

Meaning

capable of being grasped or seized

Example

The tool has a prehensible handle that improves safety.

その道具には安全性を高めるために掴みやすいハンドルがあります。

A2 noun /pleɪt/

Plate

プレート

Meaning

a flat, typically round dish used for serving or eating food

Example

Please put the rice on your plate.

ご飯をあなたのプレートに乗せてください。

C2 adjective /pruːˈdɛnʃəl/

prudential

慎重な

Meaning

involving or showing prudence, especially in financial or business matters

Example

The bank has set prudential rules to protect depositors.

銀行は預金者を保護するために慎重な規則を設定しました。

B2 noun /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/

philosophy

哲学

Meaning

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

Her philosophy emphasizes kindness and empathy.

彼女の哲学は親切さと共感を強調しています。

C2 adjective /ˌprɒfɪˈlæktɪk/

prophylactic

予防的

Meaning

intended to prevent disease or an unwanted outcome; protective

Example

The doctor prescribed a prophylactic treatment to prevent infection.

医師は感染を防ぐために予防的な治療を処方しました。

B1 noun ˈplæt.fɔːrmz

platforms

プラットフォーム、ソフトウェアまたはハードウェア環境

Meaning

Computing environments where software applications can be developed and run.

Example

Different platforms offer diverse digital solutions.

さまざまなプラットフォームが多様なデジタルソリューションを提供しています。

C1 adjective /ˈpæs.ə.bəl/

passable

受け入れ可能

Meaning

good enough to be accepted, though not excellent

Example

The road is barely passable after the storm.

嵐の後、道はかろうじて通行可能です。

C1 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.njənt/

poignant

胸を打つ, 感動的

Meaning

evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; deeply touching

Example

The movie's ending was so poignant that many in the audience were moved to tears.

映画のラストシーンは非常に感動的で、多くの観客が涙を流しました。

C1 adjective /ˈpəʊtəbl/

potable

飲料水

Meaning

safe to drink; drinkable

Example

The villagers did not have access to potable water.

村人たちは飲用水へのアクセスがありませんでした。

B2 noun /ˈpeə.rən.tɪŋ/

parenting

育児

Meaning

The care and training a child receives while growing up, involving the development of their mental, physical, and social aspects.

Example

Effective parenting helps children develop confidence and independence.

効果的な育児は、子供たちが自信と独立心を育むのを助けます。

B2 verb /pruːn/

prune

剪定する

Meaning

to cut off unwanted parts of a plant or tree to help it grow better

Example

Gardeners prune the trees in spring to encourage growth.

庭師は春に木を剪定して成長を促進します。

A2 adjective /prəˈfɛʃənl/

professional

プロフェッショナル

Meaning

relating to a job that requires special training or education

Example

She is a professional dancer who performs internationally.

彼女は国際的に活躍するプロフェッショナルダンサーです。

C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒɔːr/

pledgeor

保証人

Meaning

a person who gives or offers a pledge or security

Example

The bank accepted the jewelry from the pledgeor as collateral for the loan.

銀行は貸付の担保として保証人から宝石を受け入れました。

B2 adjective /fəˈnɒmɪnəl/

phenomenal

非凡

Meaning

extraordinary, remarkable, or exceptional in a way that is very impressive

Example

The team achieved phenomenal success in the tournament.

チームはトーナメントで非凡な成功を収めました。

C2 adjective /pəˈlædʒ.ɪk/

pelagic

外洋に関連する

Meaning

Relating to the open sea or ocean water column, away from the shore.

Example

Pelagic fish like tuna are found far from the coast.

ツナのような外洋性の魚は海岸から遠くで見つかります。

B2 adjective /prɪˈventɪv/

Preventive

予防的; 何かが起こるのを防ぐために設計された

Meaning

designed to prevent something from happening; protective against disease

Example

Regular exercise is a preventive measure against heart disease.

定期的な運動は心臓病予防の手段です。

B1 adjective ˈpræktɪkəl

practical

実用的

Meaning

Concerned with actual use rather than theory; realistic and sensible.

Example

A practical approach is needed for solving complex problems.

複雑な問題を解決するには実用的なアプローチが必要です。

C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

発射体

Meaning

An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.

Example

The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.

兵士は飛んでくる発射体を避けました。

C2 noun /ˈpoʊltɪs/

poultice

温かい薬草の湿布

Meaning

a soft, moist mass of material applied to the body to relieve soreness and inflammation

Example

The nurse applied a warm poultice to his injured leg.

看護師は彼の怪我した足に温かい湿布を貼った。

C2 verb /ˈproʊtjuːbəreɪt/

protuberate

膨らむ

Meaning

To swell out or bulge.

Example

The roots began to protuberate from the ground.

根は地面から膨らみ始めました。

C2 verb /prəˈpɪʃieɪt/

propitiate

なだめる

Meaning

to win or regain the favor of someone by doing something that pleases them

Example

He offered gifts to propitiate the angry gods.

彼は怒った神々をなだめるために贈り物を捧げました。

C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

Polestar

北極星

Meaning

a bright star that appears to stay in the same position in the sky and is used for navigation

Example

Sailors used the polestar to navigate across the ocean.

船乗りはポールスターを使って海を渡った。

B1 noun /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

publication

出版

Meaning

the act of making something publicly known or available

Example

The publication of the report sparked a debate.

報告書の出版は議論を引き起こしました。

B1 noun /pɜːrl/

Pearl

真珠

Meaning

a hard, lustrous object produced within the soft tissue of a shelled mollusk; used in jewelry

Example

She wore a beautiful pearl necklace to the wedding.

彼女は結婚式で美しい真珠のネックレスをしていました。

A1 noun/adjective/preposition /pɑːst/

past

過去

Meaning

the time before the present; gone by in time

Example

He often thinks about his past mistakes.

彼はよく自分の過去の誤りを考えます。

C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

Meaning

To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.

Example

The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.

B2 verb praɪˈɒraɪtaɪz

prioritize

優先する

Meaning

To designate or treat something as more important than other things

Example

Prioritize your tasks to stay efficient.

効率的に保つために、あなたのタスクを優先してください。

C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənt

phytonutrient

フィトニュートリエント

Meaning

Chemical compounds produced by plants that are beneficial to human health but not essential nutrients.

Example

Broccoli is rich in phytonutrients that enhance immunity.

ブロッコリーは免疫力を高めるフィトニュートリエントを豊富に含んでいます。

C2 noun /prəˈtuːbərəns/

protuberance

膨らみ

Meaning

A rounded swelling or lump on a surface.

Example

The doctor examined the small protuberance on his arm.

医師は彼の腕の小さな膨らみを調べました。

B2 noun/verb /pəʊl/

poll

世論調査

Meaning

a survey of public opinion or voting in an election

Example

The poll revealed that most people favored the new policy.

世論調査ではほとんどの人が新しい政策を支持していることが明らかになった。

C2 adjective /ˈpɜːrviəs/

pervious

透水性の

Meaning

Allowing water, air, or other substances to pass through; permeable.

Example

The soil here is pervious to rainwater.

ここでは土壌が雨水を通すことができます。

B2 adjective /prəˈpoʊzd/

proposed

提案された

Meaning

suggested or put forward for consideration or discussion

Example

The proposed changes will improve the system.

提案された変更はシステムを改善します。

B1 noun pəˈfɔː.məns

performance

パフォーマンス

Meaning

The action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.

Example

Performance improvements boost confidence.

パフォーマンスの向上は自信を高めます。

C1 noun /ˈpʌntʃ laɪn/

punch line

パンチライン

Meaning

The final part of a joke or story that makes it funny.

Example

Everyone laughed loudly at the punch line of his joke.

みんな彼のジョークのパンチラインで大笑いした。

C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

フィトケミカル

Meaning

Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.

Example

Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.

緑茶に含まれるフィトケミカルは炎症を軽減するのに役立ちます。

C1 verb /plɒd/

plod

ゆっくりと働く

Meaning

to work slowly and steadily, often with effort or difficulty

Example

He plodded through his homework despite feeling tired.

疲れていたけど、彼は宿題をゆっくりやっていた。

B1 noun /ˈprɪzənər/

prisoner

囚人

Meaning

a person who is in prison

Example

The prisoner was granted parole after serving 10 years.

その囚人は10年の服役後、仮出所を許可されました。

C2 noun /ˈpɛtjʊləns/

petulance

気難しさ

Meaning

The quality of being childishly sulky or bad-tempered.

Example

His petulance during the meeting annoyed everyone.

会議中の彼のペチュランスはみんなをイライラさせた。

C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

気難しい

Meaning

Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.

Example

The child grew peevish when denied candy.

子供はキャンディをもらえなかったので、怒りっぽくなりました。

B2 adjective /ˌprɒb.ləˈmæt.ɪk/

Problematic

問題のある; 問題を引き起こす

Meaning

causing problems; troublesome; difficult to deal with

Example

The new policy changes are problematic and need to be reviewed.

新しい政策変更は問題があり、再評価する必要があります。

C2 noun /ˈpɛstɪləns/

pestilence

ペスト

Meaning

A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.

Example

The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.

中世の都市はペストで荒廃した。

C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

自体

Meaning

By or in itself; intrinsically.

Example

The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.

そのアイデア自体は悪くないが、改善が必要だ。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

犯す

Meaning

To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.

Example

The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.

ハッカーたちは会社に大規模なサイバー攻撃を行った。

A2 noun /ˈprɒd.ʌkt/

Product

製品

Meaning

something that is manufactured or produced; the result of a process

Example

The company launched a new product in the market.

その会社は市場に新しい製品を発売しました。

C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

調達する

Meaning

to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty

Example

They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.

彼らは遠征のために十分な物資を調達することができました。