C2 adjective, noun /pləˈbiːən/

plebeian

一般の人

Meaning

common, ordinary, or belonging to the lower social classes

Example

The festival was enjoyed by both plebeian and noble citizens.

祭りは、平民と貴族市民の両方に楽しませられました。

C1 verb /ˈpleɪdʒəraɪz/

plagiarize

盗作する

Meaning

to take someone else's work or ideas and present them as your own

Example

He was warned not to plagiarize his friend's essay.

彼は友達のエッセイを盗用しないよう警告されました。

C2 noun /ˈpɜːrljuː/

purlieu

周辺地域

Meaning

The area near or surrounding a place; an outlying or neighboring district.

Example

They spent the afternoon exploring the purlieus of the ancient city.

彼らは古代都市のパーリューを探索して午後を過ごした。

B1 noun, verb /praɪz/

prize

賞

Meaning

something given as a reward for achievement; to value highly

Example

He won the first prize in the competition.

彼はコンペティションで一等賞を受賞した。

C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

全体の

Meaning

complete in every way; fully attended or absolute

Example

The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.

委員会はすべての重要な問題について議論するために全体会議を開いた。

C1 adjective পারসিভেবল

perceivable

知覚可能

Meaning

Able to be seen, noticed, or detected.

Example

The changes in winter weather are perceivable in rural areas.

冬の天気の変化は農村地域で知覚可能です。

A2 noun /ˈpaɪnˌæpəl/

pineapple

パイナップル

Meaning

a tropical fruit with a rough spiky skin, sweet yellow flesh, and a leafy crown

Example

She added fresh pineapple to the fruit salad.

彼女はフルーツサラダに新鮮なパイナップルを加えた。

C1 noun /ˈpælɪt/

pallet

プラットフォーム

Meaning

a flat wooden platform used for moving or storing goods; also a makeshift bed

Example

The boxes were stacked on a wooden pallet for easy transport.

箱は簡単に輸送できるように木製のパレットに積まれました。

B2 noun prəˈdʒɛk.ʃən

projection

声の投影

Meaning

The strength and range of voice when speaking.

Example

Proper projection ensures that every listener hears clearly.

適切なプロジェクションは、すべての聴衆が明確に聞こえることを保証します。

C2 noun /ˈpeɪpəsi/

papacy

教皇職

Meaning

The office or authority of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.

Example

The papacy played a significant role in medieval European politics.

教皇職は中世ヨーロッパの政治で重要な役割を果たした。

C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsɪbəl/

prehensible

掴みやすい

Meaning

capable of being grasped or seized

Example

The tool has a prehensible handle that improves safety.

その道具には安全性を高めるために掴みやすいハンドルがあります。

C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

予言的

Meaning

accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future

Example

His prophetic words came true after many years.

彼の予言的な言葉は何年も後に現実となった。

C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti

process stability

プロセスの安定性

Meaning

The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes

Example

Cold air ensures process stability in plants.

冷たい空気は植物のプロセスの安定性を確保します。

B2 noun /prɔːn/

Prawn

エビ

Meaning

a large marine crustacean similar to shrimp but typically bigger

Example

The chef prepared delicious prawn curry with coconut milk.

シェフはココナッツミルクでおいしいエビカレーを作りました。

B1 noun /prəˈfeʃ.ən/

Profession

職業

Meaning

a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill

Example

Teaching is a noble profession that shapes future generations.

教育は未来の世代を形作る高貴な職業です。

C1 noun /ˈpleɪˌraɪt/

playwright

劇作家

Meaning

a person who writes plays

Example

Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all time.

シェイクスピアはすべての時代で最も偉大な劇作家と見なされています。

C1 noun /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛrəpi/

psychotherapy

心理療法

Meaning

The treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means.

Example

She attended weekly psychotherapy sessions to cope with her anxiety.

彼女は不安に対処するために、毎週心理療法のセッションに参加しました。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/

pipeline

パイプライン

Meaning

a long tube through which liquids or gases are transported

Example

The company is building a new pipeline to transport natural gas.

その会社は天然ガスを輸送するための新しいパイプラインを建設しています。

C1 adjective /ˈpɛtjʊlənt/

petulant

癇癪持ち

Meaning

Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.

Example

The child became petulant when denied more candy.

子供はキャンディーをもっともらえないと癇癪を起こした。

B2 noun /ˈpen.ʃən/

Pension

年金

Meaning

a regular payment made to someone who is no longer working because of age or disability

Example

After retirement, he receives a monthly pension from the company.

退職後、彼は会社から毎月年金を受け取ります。

B2 adjective /ˈpʌz.lɪŋ/

Puzzling

不可解な

Meaning

confusing; perplexing;

Example

The scientist found the results puzzling.

科学者はその結果を謎めいたと感じた。

B2 noun /pɪt/

pit

穴

Meaning

a large hole in the ground or a hollow area

Example

The workers dug a deep pit to build the foundation.

労働者たちは基礎を作るために深い穴を掘った。

C1 verb /piːk/

pique

引き起こす

Meaning

to stimulate interest or curiosity; to arouse resentment or anger

Example

Her remarks piqued his curiosity about the secret project.

彼女のコメントは秘密のプロジェクトに対する彼の好奇心を引き起こしました。

A1 noun ˈpɛrənts

Parents

親

Meaning

One's father and mother.

Example

The family tree starts with the child's parents.

家系図は子供の親から始まります。

C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

香水産業

Meaning

the art, business, or products of making perfumes

Example

She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.

彼女は高級な香りを作り出すパフューマリーで働いています。

C2 verb /preɪt/

prate

無駄話をする

Meaning

to talk foolishly or at tedious length about something

Example

He would prate endlessly about his minor achievements.

彼は彼の小さな達成について無駄に長く話すことを終わらせなかった。

B1 noun pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.pənts

participants

参加者

Meaning

People who take part in something; those involved in an activity or event.

Example

Participants will enjoy breathtaking views.

参加者は息をのむような景色を楽しむでしょう。

B1 noun ˈpɒdkɑːsts

podcasts

ポッドキャスト

Meaning

A digital audio or video file or recording, usually part of a themed series, that can be downloaded from a website to a media player or computer.

Example

Podcasts are great for improving listening.

ポッドキャストはリスニング力向上に最適です。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪsmənt/

placement

配置または割り当て

Meaning

the act of putting something or someone in a particular position or job

Example

The company arranged job placement for the graduates.

会社は卒業生のために就職先を手配しました。

C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrtəbl/

partible

分割可能な

Meaning

capable of being divided or separated

Example

The estate was partible among the heirs.

その財産は相続人の間で分割可能でした。

B2 verb /pɪəs/

pierce

貫通する

Meaning

to make a hole through something; to penetrate with a sharp object

Example

The arrow will pierce through the target.

矢はターゲットを貫通します。

C1 noun prəˈpʌl.ʃən

propulsion

推進力

Meaning

The action of driving or pushing forward.

Example

Jet engines provide propulsion for aircraft to travel long distances.

ジェットエンジンは航空機に長距離を移動させるための推進力を提供します。

C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

敬虔な

Meaning

devoutly religious; showing reverence for God

Example

The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.

敬虔な修道士は毎日何時間も祈りに捧げた。

B1 adverb /ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl.i/

Practically

実質的に; ほぼ; ほぼ

Meaning

in a practical manner; almost; nearly

Example

The project is practically finished.

そのプロジェクトはほぼ終わりました。

C1 verb /prɒd/

prod

突っつく

Meaning

to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object

Example

She prodded him in the arm to get his attention.

彼女は彼の腕を突いて注意を引こうとした。

C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

広がる

Meaning

to spread through and be present in every part of something

Example

The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.

新鮮な花の香りが部屋全体に広がった。

B1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

Permanent

永久; 変わらない

Meaning

lasting; unchanging; enduring

Example

The tattoo is a permanent mark on his skin.

そのタトゥーは彼の皮膚に永久的な印です。

B2 adjective /pəˈrɛntəl/

parental

親に関連する

Meaning

relating to a parent or parents; characteristic of a mother or father

Example

Parental guidance is important for a child's development.

子供の成長には親のガイダンスが重要です。

C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

不足 / 欠乏

Meaning

the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities

Example

The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.

プロジェクトは資金不足のため遅れました。

B1 adverb /ˈpriːviəsli/

previously

以前に

Meaning

at an earlier time or before now

Example

She had previously worked at a bank before starting her own business.

彼女は銀行で以前働いていたが、自分のビジネスを始める前だった。

C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.ænˈθrɒp.ɪk/

philanthropic

博愛主義的な

Meaning

showing concern for the welfare of others; generous and charitable

Example

She is known for her philanthropic activities in the city.

彼女は街での博愛活動で知られています。

C2 adjective /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒrɪkəl/

phantasmagorical

幻想的な

Meaning

Having a fantastic, dreamlike, or surreal appearance, often shifting or illusory.

Example

The movie created a phantasmagorical vision of another world.

映画はもう一つの世界の幻想的なビジョンを作り出しました。

C2 noun /ˈpær.əkˌsɪz.əm/

paroxysm

突然の爆発的な感情

Meaning

A sudden, violent outburst of emotion or activity.

Example

She was seized by a paroxysm of laughter.

彼女は突然の笑いの爆発に襲われた。

C1 verb /pləˈkeɪt/

placate

なだめる

Meaning

to make someone less angry or hostile; to calm or soothe

Example

He tried to placate the angry customer with a refund.

彼は返金で怒っている顧客をなだめようとした。

C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.i/

philately

切手収集

Meaning

the collection and study of postage stamps

Example

Philately is a hobby enjoyed by people of all ages.

切手収集はすべての年齢層の人々に楽しまれている趣味です。

C1 noun /ˌpæl.pɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Palpitation

興奮や医学的状態による顕著な速く、強い、または不規則な心拍

Meaning

a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation or medical condition

Example

She experienced palpitations before her job interview.

彼女は面接前にパルピテーションを感じました。

C1 verb /ˌpoʊstˈdeɪt/

postdate

後日の日付を記入する

Meaning

To assign a date later than the actual date to a document or event.

Example

She postdated the check to next month.

彼女は小切手に来月の日付を付けました。

B2 verb /pəˈreɪd/

parade

パレードする, 公開する

Meaning

to march in a procession; to display publicly; to show off

Example

The soldiers paraded through the streets on Independence Day.

独立記念日に兵士たちが通りでパレードした。

B1 noun /ˈpɒlɪtɪks/

politics

政治

Meaning

activities related to the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power

Example

Politics often involves making difficult decisions.

政治はしばしば難しい決定を下すことを伴います。

C2 noun /pɛlf/

pelf

不正な金

Meaning

Money, especially when gained dishonorably.

Example

The corrupt official was motivated only by pelf.

腐敗した公務員は不正な金でしか動機づけられなかった。

B2 noun, verb /ˈplɑːstər/

plaster

プラスター, 修理する

Meaning

a soft mixture applied to walls or used to cover wounds; or to cover or coat with plaster

Example

The workers plastered the walls to make them smooth.

作業員たちは壁を滑らかにするためにプラスターを塗った。

B2 verb prəˈlɒŋ

prolong

延長する

Meaning

To extend the duration of something; to make something last longer.

Example

A healthy diet helps prolong life expectancy.

健康的な食事は寿命を延ばすのに役立ちます。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrsɪˈkjuːʃn/

persecution

迫害

Meaning

the act of treating someone cruelly or unfairly because of their religion, race, or beliefs

Example

The persecution of minorities has been condemned worldwide.

少数派への迫害は世界中で非難されています。

C1 adjective /præɡˈmæt.ɪk/

pragmatic

実用的

Meaning

Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than idealistic considerations.

Example

He took a pragmatic approach to solving the financial crisis.

彼は財政危機を解決するために実用的なアプローチを採用しました。

B2 noun /plʌɡ/

plug

プラグ

Meaning

a device used to connect or block an opening

Example

She inserted the plug into the socket.

彼女はソケットにプラグを差し込みました。

B2 noun, verb, adjective /ˈpeɪtənt/ or /ˈpætənt/

patent

特許

Meaning

a government license granting exclusive rights to an inventor; also to obtain such rights

Example

He patented his new invention to protect it from being copied.

彼は自分の新しい発明をコピーから守るために特許を取った。

B2 noun /ˌpɪə.riˈɒd.ɪ.kəl/

periodical

雑誌

Meaning

a magazine or journal published at regular intervals

Example

She subscribed to a science periodical.

彼女は科学雑誌を購読しました。

C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

実利主義者

Meaning

A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.

Example

He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.

彼は結果を理想よりも重視する真の実利主義者です。

A2 noun /ˈpiːˈsi/

pc

パーソナルコンピュータ

Meaning

abbreviation for 'personal computer', a machine for performing digital operations

Example

I just bought a new PC for work.

私は仕事のために新しいパーソナルコンピュータを買いました。

B2 noun pɪər ˈɪnfluəns

peer influence

仲間の影響

Meaning

The effect that members of a peer group have on each other, especially in terms of behavior, attitudes, and decision-making.

Example

Peer influence can shape juvenile behavior significantly.

仲間の影響は、若者の行動に大きな影響を与えることがあります。

B2 verb /pəˈluːt/

pollute

汚染する

Meaning

to make air, water, or land dirty and harmful to people, animals, and plants

Example

Factories pollute the environment with toxic chemicals.

工場は有害な化学物質で環境を汚染します。

C2 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ɪ.zəm/

pantheism

汎神論

Meaning

The belief that God and the universe are identical, or that everything is a manifestation of God.

Example

Spinoza’s philosophy is often associated with pantheism.

スピノザの哲学はしばしば汎神論と関連付けられます。

C2 noun /ˈpɛtrəˌɡræf/

petrograph

岩石の説明

Meaning

a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing

Example

The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition.

科学者は岩石の組成を理解するためにペトログラフを研究しました。

B1 noun /ˈpɔːrʃən/

portion

部分

Meaning

A part or share of something.

Example

She ate only a small portion of the meal.

彼女は食事のほんの一部を食べました。

C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

霊長類, 類人猿

Meaning

A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.

Example

Humans are classified as primates.

人間は霊長類として分類されます。

B2 noun /ˈprɛdətər/

predator

捕食者

Meaning

An animal that hunts and kills other animals for food.

Example

Lions are powerful predators in the savannah.

ライオンはサバンナで強力な捕食者です。

A1 verb /peɪnt/

paint

絵を描く

Meaning

to apply a colored substance to a surface

Example

She loves to paint landscapes in her free time.

彼女は自由時間に風景画を描くのが好きです。

B2 adjective /ˈpəʊstwɔːr/

postwar

戦後

Meaning

occurring or existing after a war

Example

The postwar period saw significant economic growth.

戦後の時期には、顕著な経済成長が見られました。

A1 noun /ˈprɒb.ləm/

Problem

問題

Meaning

a situation that causes difficulties and needs to be dealt with or solved

Example

We need to solve this problem quickly.

この問題を早く解決しなければなりません。

C2 noun /ˈprɒsɪlaɪt/

proselyte

改宗者

Meaning

A person who has converted from one belief, opinion, or religion to another.

Example

She became a proselyte after converting to a new faith.

彼女は新しい信仰に改宗した後、改宗者になった。

B2 verb /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/

persevere

忍耐する

Meaning

to continue trying to achieve something despite difficulty or delay

Example

He persevered through many failures before succeeding.

彼は多くの失敗を乗り越えて成功しました。

B1 noun /ˈprɛər/

prayer

祈り

Meaning

a solemn request for help or expression of thanks addressed to God or another deity

Example

She recited a prayer before the meal.

彼女は食事の前に祈りを捧げました。

C1 adjective /ˈpjuːtrɪd/

putrid

腐った

Meaning

decayed and emitting a foul smell

Example

The garbage smelled putrid after days in the sun.

ゴミは何日も太陽の下で放置された後、腐った臭いを発しました。

C1 noun /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/

prerogative

特権

Meaning

a special right or privilege exclusive to a particular person or group

Example

It is the manager’s prerogative to make the final decision.

それはマネージャーの権限で最終決定を下すことです。

C1 adjective /ˈplaɪəbəl/

pliable

柔軟な

Meaning

easily bent or flexible; adaptable

Example

The metal is pliable enough to be shaped into jewelry.

その金属は十分に柔軟で、ジュエリーに成形することができます。

C2 noun /pɜːr bɔɪld raɪs/

Per boiled rice

パーボイルドライス

Meaning

Rice that has been partially boiled in the husk before milling; parboiled rice

Example

Per boiled rice retains more nutrients than regular white rice.

パーボイルドライスは通常の白い米よりも多くの栄養素を保持します。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒfɪtəbl/

profitable

利益を生む

Meaning

yielding profit or financial gain

Example

The company has become highly profitable after the new strategy was implemented.

新しい戦略が実行された後、会社は非常に利益を上げました。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

哀れな; 哀れを誘う

Meaning

deserving pity; arousing compassion

Example

The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.

傷ついた動物の哀れな叫び声は、皆を涙で動かしました。

C2 noun /ˈpætwɑː/

patois

方言

Meaning

a regional or social dialect, especially one considered nonstandard or informal

Example

The guide slipped into local patois when chatting with the fishermen.

ガイドは漁師と話すときに現地のパトワを使い始めました。

B1 verb /pɔːr/

pour

注ぐ

Meaning

to flow or cause to flow in a steady stream; to rain heavily

Example

Please pour the water into the glass carefully.

水をグラスに慎重に注いでください。

C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

浄化する

Meaning

To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.

Example

The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.

新しいリーダーは政府から腐敗を一掃することを約束しました。

C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

極度に貧しい

Meaning

extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly

Example

The penurious family struggled to buy food.

その極度に貧しい家族は食べ物を買うのに苦しんでいました。

B2 adjective /ˈprɛsɪŋ/

pressing

緊急

Meaning

Requiring immediate attention or urgent action.

Example

The manager had to deal with several pressing issues at once.

マネージャーは同時にいくつかの緊急の問題に対処しなければならなかった。

C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

積極的貯蓄

Meaning

Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs

Example

Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.

プロアクティブセービングは老後の財政的安定を確保します。

C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

悩まされる

Meaning

Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.

Example

People are plagued by anxiety and depression.

人々は不安と抑うつに悩まされています。

C2 noun /ˈpæsɪt/

Passet

カッテージチーズ

Meaning

Fresh cheese curds; cottage cheese made from curdled milk

Example

The cook prepared fresh passet by curdling warm milk with lemon juice.

料理人は温かい牛乳にレモン汁を加えて新鮮なカッテージチーズを作りました。

C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

名声

Meaning

The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.

Example

Her work gained prominence after the award.

彼女の仕事は賞を受けた後、名声を得ました。

B1 noun, adjective /pəˈdɛstriən/

Pedestrian

歩行者

Meaning

a person walking on the street; also means dull or ordinary

Example

The pedestrian crossed the road at the crosswalk.

歩行者は横断歩道を渡りました。

C1 noun /pərˈkʌʃən/

percussion

打楽器

Meaning

Musical instruments that are played by striking, shaking, or scraping, such as drums or cymbals.

Example

The percussion section added rhythm and energy to the orchestra.

打楽器セクションはオーケストラにリズムとエネルギーを加えました。

B1 verb /piːl/

peel

皮をむく

Meaning

to remove the outer covering or skin from a fruit or vegetable

Example

She peeled the mango before eating it.

彼女は食べる前にマンゴーの皮をむいた。

B1 verb /prəˈpoʊz/

propose

提案する

Meaning

to suggest an idea or plan for consideration; to ask someone to marry you

Example

I propose we take a short break.

私は短い休憩を取ることを提案します。

C1 adjective /praɪˈmiːvəl/

primeval

原始的

Meaning

Relating to the earliest ages in history; ancient and primitive.

Example

The explorers ventured into the primeval forest untouched by humans.

探検者たちは、人間によって手つかずの原始的な森に踏み込んだ。

C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

所有者

Meaning

A person who owns or holds something.

Example

The possessor of the land built a new house.

土地の所有者は新しい家を建てました。

B2 adverb /prɪˈzjuːməbli/

presumably

おそらく

Meaning

used to convey that something is assumed to be true though not known for certain

Example

Presumably, he forgot to send the email.

おそらく、彼はメールを送るのを忘れた。

B2 noun /ˈpen neɪm/

Pen-name

ペンネーム

Meaning

a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name; a pseudonym

Example

Mark Twain was the pen-name of Samuel Clemens.

マーク・トウェインはサミュエル・クレメンズのペンネームでした。

C1 verb /ˈpɛdəl/

peddle

売る

Meaning

To sell goods, often by going from place to place; sometimes used negatively to mean promoting an idea or product in a pushy way.

Example

Street vendors peddle handmade jewelry to tourists.

ストリートの販売員は観光客に手作りのジュエリーを売っている。

B2 noun fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nə

phenomena

現象

Meaning

Facts or situations that are observed to exist or happen, especially ones whose cause or explanation is in question.

Example

Phenomena like floods disrupt agricultural systems.

洪水のような現象は農業システムに影響を与える。

B2 adverb /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/

predominantly

主に

Meaning

mainly; for the most part

Example

The population in the city is predominantly young.

その都市の人口は主に若いです。

C1 noun /ˈpæd.ək/

paddock

馬やその他の動物のための囲い場

Meaning

a small enclosed field where horses or other animals are kept

Example

The horses were grazing in the paddock.

馬たちはパドックで草を食べていた。

C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

plausibility

信頼性

Meaning

The quality of being reasonable or probable.

Example

The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.

彼の説明の信頼性は陪審員を納得させました。

C1 verb /praɪ/

pry

覗く / 口出しする

Meaning

to look closely into something; to try to find out private information

Example

She tried to pry into her neighbor’s private life.

彼女は隣人のプライベートな生活を覗こうとした。

C1 noun /pəˈrɛnθəsɪs/

parenthesis

括弧

Meaning

A pair of curved marks ( ) used to enclose words or numbers; also an interruption or digression in speech or writing.

Example

The explanation was given in a parenthesis within the text.

説明はテキスト内の括弧に含まれていました。

C2 adjective /ˈpeɪli/

paly

縞模様

Meaning

striped with different colors, usually used in heraldry

Example

The knight’s shield was decorated with paly stripes of red and gold.

騎士の盾には赤と金の縞模様が飾られていた。

C2 verb /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/

promulgate

公布する

Meaning

To announce or make a law, decree, or idea officially known.

Example

The government promulgated new regulations on data privacy.

政府はデータプライバシーに関する新しい規則を公布しました。

C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

ペナント旗

Meaning

A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.

Example

The team raised the championship pennant proudly.

チームは誇らしげにチャンピオンシップペナント旗を掲げました。

Meaning

To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.

Example

The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.

B1 noun /ˈpiː.nʌt/

Peanut

ピーナッツ

Meaning

an edible seed that grows underground and is commonly eaten as a snack or used in cooking

Example

Roasted peanuts are a popular snack in many countries.

ローストピーナッツは多くの国で人気のあるスナックです。

B2 verb /plaʊ/

plough

耕す

Meaning

to break up and turn over soil using a plough; to move through something with difficulty

Example

The farmer ploughs the field every spring.

農家は毎年春に畑を耕します。

B1 noun ˈpɒl.ə.si

policy

方針

Meaning

A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual; a contract of insurance.

Example

Effective policies drive national development.

効果的な方針は国の発展を促進します。

C1 noun /ˌpɪɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/

pigmentation

ピグメンテーション

Meaning

The natural coloring of animal or plant tissue.

Example

Excessive rubbing can cause pigmentation issues.

過度の摩擦はピグメンテーションの問題を引き起こす可能性があります。