A2 noun,verb /pleɪn/

plane

平面; 飛行機; 平らにする

Meaning

a flat surface; an aircraft; to make smooth

Example

The carpenter used a tool to plane the wood.

大工は木を平らにするための道具を使いました。

C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

分極された

Meaning

divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions

Example

The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.

その議論は気候変動問題についてコミュニティを分裂させました。

C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

苛立たせる

Meaning

To annoy or irritate someone.

Example

His constant interruptions really peeve me.

彼の絶え間ない干渉は本当に私を苛立たせます。

B2 noun /prɪˈtens/

Pretence

偽り

Meaning

an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true

Example

He made no pretence of being interested in the conversation.

彼は会話に興味があるふりをしなかった。

B2 noun, verb /ˈplɑːstər/

plaster

プラスター, 修理する

Meaning

a soft mixture applied to walls or used to cover wounds; or to cover or coat with plaster

Example

The workers plastered the walls to make them smooth.

作業員たちは壁を滑らかにするためにプラスターを塗った。

C2 adjective /pərˈsɪpiənt/

percipient

鋭い洞察力を持つ

Meaning

Having good understanding or insight; able to perceive things clearly.

Example

As a percipient critic, she recognized the deeper meaning of the play.

鋭い洞察力を持つ批評家として、彼女は劇の深い意味を認識しました。

C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/

postprandial

食後

Meaning

Occurring after a meal.

Example

He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.

彼は夕食後にポストプランディアルウォークに出かけた。

B2 adjective prɪˈlɪm.ɪ.nər.i

preliminary

予備的な

Meaning

Denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.

Example

Preliminary steps are crucial before the main project.

主要なプロジェクトの前に、予備的なステップは非常に重要です。

B2 noun /pʌŋk/

punk

パンク

Meaning

a type of popular music, or the culture associated with it, characterized by loud, fast rhythms and rebellious attitudes

Example

He’s always been into punk music and fashion.

彼はいつもパンク音楽とファッションに興味を持っている。

B2 noun /proʊˈbeɪʃən/

probation

試用期間

Meaning

a period of testing or supervision, especially for offenders or new employees

Example

He was placed on probation for six months.

彼は6か月の試用期間を与えられました。

C2 noun /ˈprɛləsi/

prelacy

教会制度

Meaning

The office, dignity, or system of church government by prelates.

Example

The medieval church was dominated by prelacy and its traditions.

中世の教会はプレラシーとその伝統によって支配されていた。

C1 verb /ˈpɛdəl/

peddle

売る

Meaning

To sell goods, often by going from place to place; sometimes used negatively to mean promoting an idea or product in a pushy way.

Example

Street vendors peddle handmade jewelry to tourists.

ストリートの販売員は観光客に手作りのジュエリーを売っている。

C1 noun /prəˈtruːʒən/

protrusion

突起

Meaning

Something that sticks out or projects from a surface.

Example

The protrusion on the wall made it difficult to move the furniture.

壁の突起により、家具を動かすのが難しくなった。

C2 noun /ˌfəʊ.təʊ.sen.sɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

photosensitivity

光感受性

Meaning

Sensitivity to light, especially abnormal sensitivity that may cause discomfort or damage.

Example

Overrubbing can increase photosensitivity.

過度の摩擦は光感受性を増加させる可能性があります。

C2 noun /ˌsuːdəʊəˈpɒsəl/

pseudapostle

偽使徒

Meaning

a false or pretended apostle

Example

The preacher was condemned as a pseudapostle.

その説教師は偽使徒として非難されました。

B2 noun /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/

Prejudice

偏見

Meaning

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

Example

We must fight against prejudice and discrimination in our society.

私たちは私たちの社会で偏見と差別に立ち向かわなければならない。

B2 noun /ˈprɛmɪs/

premise

前提 / 建物

Meaning

a statement or idea on which reasoning or an argument is based; also a building or property

Example

His argument was based on a false premise.

彼の議論は誤った前提に基づいていました。

B2 noun /prəˈtɛstər/

protester

抗議者

Meaning

a person who takes part in a protest or demonstration

Example

The protester spoke passionately about the cause.

抗議者はその原因について情熱的に話しました。

B2 verb /pərˈsiːvd/

perceived

幸福

Meaning

to become aware of something through the senses or the mind; to understand or interpret

Example

She perceived a hint of sadness in his voice.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せませんでした。

C2 noun /ˌpaɪroʊˈmeɪniæk/

pyromaniac

放火魔

Meaning

A person with an uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.

Example

The pyromaniac was arrested for setting several buildings ablaze.

放火魔は数軒の建物に火をつけたことで逮捕された。

C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

長すぎる

Meaning

using too many words; tediously lengthy

Example

The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.

教授の冗長な講義は多くの学生を眠らせた。

C1 noun /pɒˈstɛrɪti/

posterity

後世

Meaning

All future generations of people.

Example

The monument was built for the benefit of posterity.

記念碑は後世のために建てられました。

B2 adverb /ˈpɑrʃəli/

Partially

部分的に; 完全ではない;

Meaning

to some extent; not completely; incompletely

Example

The building was only partially destroyed in the fire.

その建物は火事で部分的に破壊されました。

C2 noun /ˈpiːən/

paean

賛美歌

Meaning

A song or piece of writing expressing great praise or triumph.

Example

The article was a paean to the beauty of nature.

その記事は自然の美しさへの賛美歌でした。

B1 noun, adjective /pəˈdɛstriən/

Pedestrian

歩行者

Meaning

a person walking on the street; also means dull or ordinary

Example

The pedestrian crossed the road at the crosswalk.

歩行者は横断歩道を渡りました。

C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

編み込み

Meaning

a braid of hair or straw; to braid

Example

She decided to plait her hair before the party.

彼女はパーティーの前に髪を編むことに決めました。

B2 noun /pərˈsɪstəns/

persistence

粘り強さ

Meaning

the quality of continuing steadily despite problems or difficulties

Example

His persistence finally paid off when he got the job.

彼の粘り強さは最終的に報われ、仕事を得ることができました。

B1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.zən/

Poison

毒

Meaning

a substance that is capable of causing death or illness

Example

The snake's bite contains deadly poison.

蛇の咬傷には致命的な毒が含まれている。

C1 noun ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk

probiotic

有益な細菌

Meaning

Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

Example

Yogurt is a natural source of probiotics that aid digestion.

ヨーグルトは消化を助けるプロバイオティクスの自然な供給源です。

C1 verb /ˈprɒfəsaɪ/

prophesy

予言する

Meaning

to state or predict that something will happen in the future, especially as if divinely inspired

Example

The monk prophesied that peace would return to the land.

その僧侶は平和がこの地に戻ると予言した。

B1 noun /ˈpaʊdər/

powder

粉

Meaning

a fine, dry substance made of very tiny particles

Example

She sprinkled some powder on the cake.

彼女はケーキに粉をふりかけました。

C1 noun /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ə/

panorama

パノラマビュー

Meaning

An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.

Example

From the hilltop, we enjoyed a breathtaking panorama of the city.

丘の頂上から、私たちは街の息をのむようなパノラマビューを楽しみました。

C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.nəˈlɑː.dʒi/

phonology

音韻論

Meaning

the study of the sound system of a language

Example

She is studying phonology to understand how sounds function in English.

彼女は英語で音がどのように機能するかを理解するために音韻論を勉強しています。

B1 noun, verb /ˈfəʊtəʊˌkɒpi/

photocopy

コピー

Meaning

a copy of a document made using a photocopying machine; to make such a copy

Example

Please photocopy these documents before the meeting.

会議の前にこれらの書類をコピーしてください。

B2 noun /ˈpɒp.i/

Poppy

ケシの花

Meaning

a bright red flower with black seeds, often used as a symbol of remembrance

Example

The red poppy bloomed beautifully in the garden.

赤いケシの花が庭で美しく咲きました。

C2 adjective /pɒnˈtɪfɪkəl/

pontifical

教皇または司教に関連する; 傲慢または高慢な

Meaning

relating to a pope or bishop; pompous or self-important

Example

His pontifical manner annoyed the other members of the committee.

彼の高慢な態度は委員会の他のメンバーを困らせた。

C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

利益を不正に得る者

Meaning

a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally

Example

The government punished war profiteers.

政府は戦争の利益を不正に得る者を罰した。

B1 noun /ˈpɜr.fjuːm/

Perfume

香水

Meaning

a fragrant liquid made from essential oils and alcohol; a pleasant smell

Example

She wore her favorite perfume to the party.

彼女はパーティーにお気に入りの香水をつけて行きました。

A1 adjective /ˈpɒs.ə.bəl/

Possible

可能

Meaning

able to be done or achieved; likely to happen; feasible

Example

It is possible to learn a new language at any age.

どの年齢でも新しい言語を学ぶことは可能です。

B2 noun /prəˈseʃ.ən/

Procession

行列; パレード;

Meaning

a group of people or vehicles moving forward in an organized way, especially as part of a ceremony

Example

The wedding procession walked slowly to the church.

結婚式の行列はゆっくりと教会に向かって歩きました。

C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

plausibility

信頼性

Meaning

The quality of being reasonable or probable.

Example

The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.

彼の説明の信頼性は陪審員を納得させました。

C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

極度に貧しい

Meaning

extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly

Example

The penurious family struggled to buy food.

その極度に貧しい家族は食べ物を買うのに苦しんでいました。

A2 noun /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/

possibility

可能性

Meaning

something that may happen or be the case; a chance that something exists or might occur

Example

There is a strong possibility of rain tomorrow.

明日は雨の強い可能性があります。

B1 noun /per/

Pear

梨

Meaning

a sweet juicy fruit with a rounded shape that is wider at the bottom than the top

Example

She enjoyed a fresh pear from the orchard.

彼女は果樹園から新鮮な梨を楽しみました。

B2 noun /ˌpɜːrsəˈnel/

personnel

人員

Meaning

People employed in an organization or engaged in an organized undertaking such as military service.

Example

The company is hiring more personnel for its new branch.

会社は新しい支店のためにもっと多くの人員を採用しています。

C1 noun prəˈkjʊrmənt

procurement

調達

Meaning

The action of obtaining or procuring something, especially for official purposes.

Example

The procurement of modern equipment has improved research accuracy.

現代的な機器の調達が研究の精度を向上させました。

B2 verb /pliːd/

plead

嘆願する

Meaning

to make an emotional appeal; to present a case in court

Example

She pleaded for mercy.

彼女は慈悲を乞いました。

C1 verb /priːn/

preen

身だしなみを整える

Meaning

To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.

Example

She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.

彼女はパーティーに出かける前に鏡の前で身だしなみを整えていた。

B1 noun /praɪˈɔːr.ə.ti/

Priority

優先順位

Meaning

something that is more important than other things and needs attention first

Example

Health should be our top priority.

健康は私たちの最優先事項であるべきだ。

A2 verb /prɪˈvent/

prevent

防ぐ

Meaning

to stop something from happening; to keep from occurring

Example

Vaccination helps prevent many diseases.

ワクチンは多くの病気を予防するのに役立ちます。

C1 verb /praɪ/

pry

覗く / 口出しする

Meaning

to look closely into something; to try to find out private information

Example

She tried to pry into her neighbor’s private life.

彼女は隣人のプライベートな生活を覗こうとした。

B1 noun ˈpʌb.lɪk ˈspiː.kɪŋ

public speaking

公共の話し方

Meaning

The skill of speaking confidently in front of an audience.

Example

Public speaking skills are essential for leadership roles.

公共の話し方のスキルはリーダーシップの役割に不可欠です。

C2 noun /ˌpraɪmoʊˈdʒɛnɪtʃər/

primogeniture

長子継承権

Meaning

The right of the firstborn child to inherit the family estate or title.

Example

Under primogeniture, the eldest son inherited the entire estate.

長子継承権の下、長男は家族全体の財産を相続しました。

A2 adverb /ˈpɒs.ə.bli/

Possibly

おそらく; もしかしたら;

Meaning

perhaps; maybe; it may be the case that

Example

It will possibly rain tomorrow.

明日おそらく雨が降るかもしれません。

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

パロディ

Meaning

an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy

Example

The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.

そのコメディ番組は有名な政治家のパロディを特集した。

C2 adjective /prəˈpɪʃəs/

propitious

好ましい

Meaning

giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable

Example

The sunny weather was a propitious start to the picnic.

晴れた天気はピクニックにとって好ましい始まりでした。

C2 adjective /ˌpɒliˈæn.ɪ.ɪʃ/

pollyannaish

過度に楽観的

Meaning

overly or blindly optimistic

Example

Her pollyannaish attitude ignored the obvious problems.

彼女の過度に楽観的な態度は明らかな問題を無視していた。

B2 adjective /ˌpriːməˈtjʊər/

premature

早すぎる

Meaning

Happening or done before the usual or proper time.

Example

His decision to quit the job was premature.

彼の仕事を辞める決断は早すぎた。

C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

辛い

Meaning

having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative

Example

The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.

シェフは料理に辛いソースを加えて、味を引き立てました。

A2 adverb /pəˈhæps/

Perhaps

おそらく; もしかしたら

Meaning

possibly; maybe; used to express uncertainty or make a suggestion

Example

Perhaps we should call before visiting to make sure they're home.

おそらく、私たちは訪問する前に電話をかけて、彼らが家にいることを確認するべきです。

B2 adjective + noun ˈpraɪməri əbˈdʒektɪv

primary objective

主要な目標

Meaning

The main goal or chief aim of an activity, project, or endeavor.

Example

The primary objective of the event was to promote recycling.

イベントの主要な目標はリサイクルの推進でした。

C2 adjective /ˌpɜːrtɪˈneɪʃəs/

pertinacious

頑固な

Meaning

holding firmly to an opinion, purpose, or course of action; stubbornly persistent

Example

The pertinacious lawyer refused to give up the case.

頑固な弁護士は事件を諦めることを拒否しました。

C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

慎重な読書

Meaning

The action of reading or examining something carefully.

Example

The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.

契約書は弁護士に慎重な読書のために渡されました。

B2 adjective /prɛsˈtɪdʒəs/

prestigious

名誉ある

Meaning

having a high reputation; respected

Example

Harvard University is one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

ハーバード大学は世界で最も名誉ある大学の一つです。

C1 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ən/

pantheon

すべての神々、すべての神々に捧げられた寺院

Meaning

All the gods of a religion collectively; a building dedicated to all gods.

Example

The Roman Pantheon is one of the best-preserved ancient temples.

ローマのパンテオンは最もよく保存されている古代の神殿の一つです。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛkənt/

peccant

有罪

Meaning

Guilty of a moral offense or wrongdoing; sinful.

Example

The judge declared the peccant official unfit for office.

裁判官は有罪の役人を職務に不適格と宣言した。

A2 noun /ˈpɜːpəs/

purpose

目的

Meaning

the reason for which something is done or created

Example

The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new project.

この会議の目的は新しいプロジェクトについて議論することです。

B1 noun /ˌpɜr.sənˈæl.ə.ti/

Personality

個性

Meaning

the combination of characteristics that form an individual's distinctive character; a famous person

Example

She has a very outgoing and friendly personality.

彼女はとても外向的で友好的なパーソナリティを持っています。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

パーソナライゼーション, カスタマイズ

Meaning

The action of making something personal or individual; customization.

Example

Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.

マーケティングにおけるパーソナライゼーションは顧客のエンゲージメントを向上させます。

C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/

patrimony

遺産

Meaning

Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.

Example

The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.

その城は彼の貴族の先祖から受け継いだ遺産の一部でした。

C1 adjective পারসিভেবল

perceivable

知覚可能

Meaning

Able to be seen, noticed, or detected.

Example

The changes in winter weather are perceivable in rural areas.

冬の天気の変化は農村地域で知覚可能です。

C1 noun /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/

partiality

偏見

Meaning

an unfair preference or bias toward one side or person

Example

The judge was criticized for showing partiality in the case.

裁判官は事件で偏見を示したとして批判されました。

C1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk ˈflaʊ.ər/

Peacock flower

クジャクの花

Meaning

a tropical tree with bright orange and red flowers that resemble a peacock's tail

Example

The peacock flower tree blooms with stunning orange flowers in summer.

クジャクの花の木は夏に素晴らしいオレンジ色の花を咲かせます。

C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pi/

philanthropy

フィランソロピー

Meaning

the desire to promote the welfare of others, often expressed by the generous donation of money to good causes

Example

Philanthropy has helped improve healthcare in many developing countries.

フィランソロピーは多くの発展途上国で医療を改善するのに役立っています。

C1 noun /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/

paraphernalia

道具一式

Meaning

Miscellaneous articles, especially equipment needed for a particular activity.

Example

The fisherman carried all his fishing paraphernalia in a large box.

漁師はすべての釣り道具を大きな箱に入れて運びました。

C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

積極的貯蓄

Meaning

Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs

Example

Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.

プロアクティブセービングは老後の財政的安定を確保します。

C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

preempt

予防する

Meaning

To take action in order to prevent something from happening; to take the place of something.

Example

The government acted quickly to preempt a financial crisis.

政府は迅速に行動し、金融危機を防ぎました。

A2 adjective /ˈprɒpər/

proper

適切な

Meaning

conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality

Example

He made sure to wear proper attire for the interview.

彼は面接のために適切な服を着ることを確認しました。

B2 adjective /prəˈspɛktɪv/

prospective

将来性のある

Meaning

likely or expected to happen in the future; potential

Example

The company is meeting with prospective clients next week.

その会社は来週、将来性のあるクライアントと会う予定です。

B1 noun /pɑːrˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

participation

参加

Meaning

the action of taking part in something

Example

Her participation in the competition was commendable.

彼女の競技会への参加は称賛に値しました。

C1 noun /ˈpəʊstˌskrɪpt/

postscript

追伸

Meaning

an additional remark at the end of a letter or text, after the signature

Example

She added a brief postscript to thank him again.

彼女は再度彼に感謝するために簡単な追伸を加えました。

C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

天意の

Meaning

occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention

Example

Their timely rescue was considered providential.

彼らのタイムリーな救助は天意のものと見なされました。

B2 verb /paɪn/

pine

切望する

Meaning

to long intensely for something or someone; to suffer from longing

Example

He pined for his hometown after moving abroad.

海外に引っ越した後、彼は故郷を切望していた。

B1 noun /ˈpɜː.sən.əl ˈdeɪ.tə/

personal data

個人データ

Meaning

Information that relates to an individual's private, sensitive, or identifiable data

Example

Protecting personal data is crucial in the digital age.

デジタル時代において個人データを保護することは重要です。

C1 noun /ˈprəʊsiːdz/

proceeds

収益

Meaning

money obtained from an event, activity, or sale

Example

The proceeds from the charity event were donated to the orphanage.

チャリティイベントの収益は孤児院に寄付されました。

B2 noun /ˈpɪlər/

pillar

柱

Meaning

a strong vertical support or mainstay of a structure or system

Example

The ancient temple was supported by massive stone pillars.

古代の寺院は巨大な石の柱によって支えられていました。

C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪts/

plaudits

賛辞

Meaning

expressions of praise or approval

Example

The scientist received plaudits from the international community.

その科学者は国際社会から賛辞を受けました。

C2 adjective /pɪˈskætɔːrɪəl/

piscatorial

釣りに関する

Meaning

relating to fishing or fishermen

Example

He has a deep knowledge of piscatorial techniques and fish species.

彼は釣りの技術と魚種について深い知識を持っています。

C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌmɑːrtɚ/

protomartyr

最初の殉教者

Meaning

The first martyr in a cause or religion, often referring to the first Christian martyr.

Example

St. Stephen is known as the protomartyr of Christianity.

聖ステファノはキリスト教のプロトマーティアとして知られています。

C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

名声

Meaning

The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.

Example

Her work gained prominence after the award.

彼女の仕事は賞を受けた後、名声を得ました。

C2 noun /ˈpjuːdʒɪlɪzəm/

pugilism

ボクシング

Meaning

The practice or sport of boxing.

Example

He studied the art of pugilism in his youth.

彼は若い頃、ボクシングの技術を学びました。

B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

部分的; 偏見のある;

Meaning

incomplete; showing bias or prejudice

Example

The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.

裁判官は被告人に有利な部分的な決定を下した。

A2 noun /ˈprɪn.ses/

princess

王女

Meaning

a female royal family member, especially the daughter of a king or queen; a woman regarded as noble, cherished, or elegant

Example

The princess waved to the crowd from the palace balcony.

王女は宮殿のバルコニーから群衆に手を振った。

C1 noun /prəˈpɛlər/

propeller

プロペラ

Meaning

A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.

Example

The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed.

飛行機のプロペラは大きな速さで空気を切った。

B2 adjective /ˈpəʊstwɔːr/

postwar

戦後

Meaning

occurring or existing after a war

Example

The postwar period saw significant economic growth.

戦後の時期には、顕著な経済成長が見られました。

C2 noun /pəˈnʌmbrə/

penumbra

部分的な影

Meaning

a partially shaded area around the shadow of an object, especially during an eclipse

Example

The moon’s penumbra created a dim shadow over the Earth.

月のペヌンブラが地球上に薄暗い影を作り出しました。

C2 noun, verb /ˌpæm.fləˈtɪər/

pamphleteer

パンフレットの著者

Meaning

a person who writes or distributes pamphlets, often to promote a political or social cause

Example

In the 18th century, many pamphleteers influenced public opinion.

18世紀には、多くのパンフレットの著者が公衆の意見に影響を与えました。

C1 adjective /praɪˈmiːvəl/

primeval

原始的

Meaning

Relating to the earliest ages in history; ancient and primitive.

Example

The explorers ventured into the primeval forest untouched by humans.

探検者たちは、人間によって手つかずの原始的な森に踏み込んだ。

C1 noun /ˈpærəˌlɛlɪzəm/

parallelism

平行主義

Meaning

The state of being parallel or similar; in literature, the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in construction.

Example

The writer used parallelism to give rhythm to his prose.

作家は自分の文章にリズムを与えるために平行主義を使用しました。

C2 noun /ˈpɑːrsɪmoʊni/

parsimony

けち

Meaning

extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources

Example

His parsimony was evident in the way he avoided any unnecessary expenses.

彼のけちは、どんな無駄な出費も避ける様子に表れていた。

C2 adjective /ˈpɑːmi/

palmy

繁栄 / 栄光

Meaning

prosperous, flourishing, or relating to palm trees

Example

He often reminisced about the palmy days of his youth.

彼は若い頃の繁栄した日々をよく思い出していました。

B1 adverb /ˈfɪzɪkəli/

physically

フィジカルに

Meaning

in a physical manner; relating to the body

Example

She is physically strong and healthy.

彼女はフィジカリーに強くて健康です。

C2 noun /fɪˈlændərər/

philanderer

女たらし

Meaning

a man who habitually engages in casual romantic or sexual affairs

Example

The politician was exposed as a notorious philanderer.

その政治家は有名な女たらしとして暴露されました。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rə.si/

Piracy

海賊行為

Meaning

the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea; the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material

Example

Software piracy costs companies billions of dollars annually.

ソフトウェアの海賊行為は毎年企業に数十億ドルの損失をもたらします。

C1 noun /ˈpɪt.əns/

pittance

わずかな額

Meaning

a very small or inadequate amount of money

Example

She worked long hours for a mere pittance.

彼女はわずかな額のために長時間働いた。

B2 noun ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪdz

pesticides

農薬

Meaning

Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Example

Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.

過剰な農薬の使用は環境に害を及ぼす可能性があります。

B1 adverb /ˈpɜr.sən.ə.li/

Personally

個人的に; 私の意見では; 自分のために; 自分自身で

Meaning

as a person; in one's own opinion; for oneself; in person

Example

Personally, I think the movie was excellent, though others disagree.

個人的に言うと、その映画は素晴らしいと思いますが、他の人は賛成していません。

B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/

psychologist

心理学者

Meaning

a person who studies mental processes and behavior

Example

The psychologist helped him cope with his anxiety.

心理学者は彼が不安に対処するのを助けました。

B1 noun /pərˈfɔːrmər/

performer

パフォーマー

Meaning

a person who entertains an audience by acting, singing, dancing, or playing music

Example

The performer received a standing ovation for her song.

パフォーマーは彼女の歌のためにスタンディングオベーションを受けました。

B1 noun /ˈpɒlɪtɪks/

politics

政治

Meaning

activities related to the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power

Example

Politics often involves making difficult decisions.

政治はしばしば難しい決定を下すことを伴います。

B1 noun /ˈpoʊni/

Pony

ポニー

Meaning

a small horse, typically under 14.2 hands high

Example

The children enjoyed riding the gentle pony at the farm.

子供たちは農場で優しいポニーに乗ることを楽しみました。

B2 noun /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

proceeding

手続き

Meaning

a course of action; often used for a legal process or event

Example

The court proceedings lasted for several hours.

裁判所の手続きは数時間続きました。

B2 verb /prəˈvoʊk/

provoke

挑発する

Meaning

To cause someone to become angry or to cause a reaction.

Example

His words provoked a heated argument.

彼の言葉は激しい議論を引き起こした。

C2 noun /pəˈlæv.ər/

palaver

無駄な議論 / 騒動

Meaning

prolonged and idle discussion; fuss or unnecessary talk

巧妙な策略

Meaning

a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage

Example

She used a clever ploy to win the debate.

彼女は討論に勝つために巧妙な策略を使いました。