B2 noun /fɪˈzɪʃən/

physician

医師

Meaning

a person qualified to practice medicine; a doctor

Example

The physician prescribed some medicine to treat the condition.

医師はその状態を治療するために薬を処方しました。

C2 noun /ˌprɒdɪˈɡæləti/

prodigality

浪費

Meaning

the quality of being wastefully extravagant

Example

His prodigality with money left him bankrupt.

彼の浪費癖が彼を破産させた。

B1 noun /ˈfɑːrməsi/

pharmacy

薬局

Meaning

A place where medicinal drugs are prepared and sold.

Example

I went to the pharmacy to buy antibiotics.

私は抗生物質を買うために薬局に行きました。

C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

優越性

Meaning

The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.

Example

The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.

オンラインショッピングの優越性が小売業を永遠に変えました。

C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.ænˈθrɒp.ɪk/

philanthropic

博愛主義的な

Meaning

showing concern for the welfare of others; generous and charitable

Example

She is known for her philanthropic activities in the city.

彼女は街での博愛活動で知られています。

B2 noun /pætʃ/

Patch

パッチ

Meaning

a small piece of material used to mend a hole; a small area of something different

Example

She sewed a patch over the hole in her jeans.

彼女はジーンズの穴にパッチを縫い付けました。

B2 noun /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə/

Peninsula

半島

Meaning

a piece of land that is almost completely surrounded by water but connected to the mainland

Example

The Korean Peninsula is located in East Asia.

朝鮮半島は東アジアに位置しています。

A2 noun /pen stænd/

Pen stand

ペン立て

Meaning

a container or holder designed to keep pens, pencils, and other writing instruments organized

Example

He organized his pens in the pen stand on his desk.

彼は自分のペンを机のペン立てに整理しました。

C2 noun /ˈpærəpɛt/

parapet

防護壁

Meaning

A low protective wall along the edge of a roof, balcony, or bridge.

Example

The soldier hid behind the parapet for protection.

兵士は防護壁の後ろに隠れて安全を守りました。

C2 adjective /prəˈtuːbərənt/

protuberant

突出または膨らんだ

Meaning

Sticking out or bulging.

Example

His protuberant belly showed after the meal.

食事の後、彼の膨らんだ腹が見えた。

C1 verb /ˈprɪkəl/

prickle

Meaning

to cause a slight stinging or tingling sensation on the skin

Example

Her skin began to prickle in the cold wind.

C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

豊富な

Meaning

existing or given in large amounts; abundant

Example

He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.

彼は時間通りに助けてくれたことに豊富な感謝を示しました。

C1 noun /poʊˈɛt.ɪks/

poetics

詩学、詩の理論

Meaning

the study or theory of poetry and its principles

Example

He wrote a book on poetics explaining the art of verse.

彼は詩の技法を説明するポエティクスに関する本を書きました。

C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

ペチコート

Meaning

an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt

Example

She wore a white petticoat under her dress.

彼女はドレスの下に白いペティコートを着ていました。

C1 adjective /prəˈdɪdʒəs/

prodigious

驚異的

Meaning

remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree

Example

The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time.

チームはプロジェクトを時間通りに完了するために驚異的な努力をしました。

C2 adjective /pərˈspɪkjuəs/

perspicuous

明確

Meaning

Clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.

Example

The teacher gave a perspicuous explanation of the theory.

先生は理論について明確な説明をしました。

B2 noun ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm

patriotism

愛国心

Meaning

The quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one's country.

Example

Victory Day reflects the patriotism of the entire nation.

勝利の日は国全体の愛国心を反映しています。

C2 noun /ˈprɛʃəns/ or /ˈpriːʃəns/

prescience

予知

Meaning

the ability to know or predict what will happen in the future

Example

Her prescience about market trends saved the company.

彼女の市場動向に対する予見は会社を救った。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

比類のない; 無敵の; ライバルなし

Meaning

unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival

Example

Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.

彼女の比類のない美しさはすべてを魅了しました。

C2 noun /ˈper.ɪ.dʒiː/

perigee

月または衛星の軌道で地球に最も近い点

Meaning

the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the Earth

Example

The moon appeared much larger during its perigee.

月はそのペリジーの際にかなり大きく見えました。

A2 noun /ˈpʌp.i/

Puppy

子犬

Meaning

a young dog

Example

The puppy wagged its tail when it saw its owner.

子犬は尾を振った、飼い主を見たとき。

C1 noun /plaɪt/

Plight

困難; 厳しい状況

Meaning

a dangerous, difficult, or unfortunate situation

Example

The refugees were in a desperate plight.

難民たちは絶望的な困難に直面していました。

C2 noun /pɪˈdɒl.ə.dʒi/

pedology

土壌学

Meaning

The study of soils in their natural environment.

Example

Pedology helps scientists understand soil fertility.

ペドロジーは科学者が土壌の肥沃さを理解するのに役立ちます。

B1 adjective ˈpræktɪkəl

practical

実用的

Meaning

Concerned with actual use rather than theory; realistic and sensible.

Example

A practical approach is needed for solving complex problems.

複雑な問題を解決するには実用的なアプローチが必要です。

C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

こっそり歩く（狩りや探索のため）

Meaning

To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.

Example

The cat prowled around the garden at night.

猫は夜、庭の周りを静かに歩いていた。

A2 noun /ˈpɛpər/

pepper

胡椒

Meaning

a pungent spice obtained from pepper plants, used to flavor food

Example

I like to add pepper to my soup.

私はスープに胡椒を加えるのが好きです。

C1 adjective /ˈpiːs.ə.bəl/

Peaceable

平和的な; 紛争を避ける傾向のある

Meaning

peaceful; inclined to avoid conflict

Example

The peaceable protest ended without any violence.

平和的な抗議は暴力なしで終わった。

B2 noun /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.ti/

Purity

純粋さ; 清潔さ; 汚染からの自由

Meaning

the state of being pure; cleanness or freedom from contamination

Example

The purity of the mountain water was remarkable.

山の水の純粋さは注目に値しました。

C1 adjective /prɪm/

prim

過度に正式または適切

Meaning

stiffly formal and proper in appearance or behavior

Example

She looked prim in her neatly pressed dress.

彼女はきちんとアイロンがかけられたドレスを着てプリムに見えた。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

哀れな; 哀れを誘う

Meaning

deserving pity; arousing compassion

Example

The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.

傷ついた動物の哀れな叫び声は、皆を涙で動かしました。

C2 noun /poʊˈzɜːr/

poseur

Meaning

A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to impress others.

Example

Many considered him a poseur because he exaggerated his accomplishments.

B2 noun ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

productivity

生産性

Meaning

The effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input.

Example

Improved irrigation boosts productivity.

改善された灌漑は生産性を向上させる。

B2 verb /pərˈsɪst/

persist

Meaning

to continue firmly in an action or opinion despite difficulty or opposition

Example

She decided to persist in her efforts to learn French.

C1 noun /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ə/

panorama

パノラマビュー

Meaning

An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.

Example

From the hilltop, we enjoyed a breathtaking panorama of the city.

丘の頂上から、私たちは街の息をのむようなパノラマビューを楽しみました。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/

persecute

幸福

Meaning

to treat someone cruelly or unfairly, especially because of their religion, race, or beliefs

Example

Many people were persecuted for their faith during that time.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠せなかった。

B2 noun/verb /ˈpriːfɪks/

prefix

接頭辞; 前に何かを追加する

Meaning

a word, letter, or number placed before another; as a verb, to add something in front of something else

Example

Developers often prefix variables with an underscore.

開発者はしばしば変数にアンダースコアをプレフィックスとして追加します。

A2 noun /pæθ/

path

小道

Meaning

a way or track laid down for walking or made by continual treading

Example

She walked along the narrow path through the forest.

彼女は森の中の狭い道を歩きました。

C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

鉱物探鉱者

Meaning

a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold

Example

The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.

プロスペクターは金を探し続けるために山中で何年も過ごしました。

B1 noun/verb /ˈprɛʃər/

pressure

プレッシャー

Meaning

the force applied to something or the feeling of stress or tension

Example

The pressure of the situation made him nervous.

その状況のプレッシャーは彼を緊張させました。

C2 verb /ˈprætəl/

prattle

おしゃべり

Meaning

to talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way

Example

The children would prattle on about their games.

子供たちは自分たちのゲームについておしゃべりをしていた。

C2 noun /ˈpaʊ.waʊ/

powwow

インフォーマルミーティング

Meaning

an informal meeting or conference to discuss something

Example

The team held a quick powwow before the presentation.

チームはプレゼンテーションの前に迅速なインフォーマルミーティングを開催しました。

C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptəbl̩/

perceptible

知覚できる

Meaning

Able to be noticed or recognized by the senses or the mind.

Example

There was a perceptible change in the atmosphere.

大気中に知覚できる変化がありました。

C1 verb /praɪ/

pry

覗く / 口出しする

Meaning

to look closely into something; to try to find out private information

Example

She tried to pry into her neighbor’s private life.

彼女は隣人のプライベートな生活を覗こうとした。

C1 noun /ˈpæŋkriəs/

pancreas

膵臓

Meaning

A gland in the abdomen that produces insulin and digestive enzymes.

Example

The pancreas plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

膵臓は消化と血糖の調節に重要な役割を果たしています。

C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

突然の鋭い痛みまたは感情的苦痛

Meaning

a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress

Example

She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.

議論後、彼女は罪悪感のパンを感じた。

B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

ペシミズム

Meaning

A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.

Example

Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.

彼女の絶え間ないペシミズムは、楽観的でいるのを難しくしていた。

C1 verb /ˈpʌməl/

pummel

殴りつける

Meaning

To strike repeatedly with the fists; to beat or hit forcefully.

Example

The boxer pummeled his opponent in the final round.

ボクサーは最終ラウンドで相手を激しく殴りつけた。

C2 adjective /ˌfærɪˈseɪɪkəl/

pharisaical

偽善的な

Meaning

Excessively concerned with formal rules or outward show of morality, often in a hypocritical way.

Example

His pharisaical behavior made people doubt his sincerity.

彼の偽善的な行動は、彼の誠実さに疑問を投げかけた。

B1 adjective /pleɪn/

plain

簡単な

Meaning

simple or clear, without decoration or complexity

Example

She wore a plain white dress to the ceremony.

彼女は式典にシンプルな白いドレスを着ていました。

A2 noun ˈpræktɪs

practice

練習

Meaning

The actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method; repeated exercise in or performance of an activity or skill.

Example

Daily practice improves fluency.

毎日の練習は流暢さを改善します。

B2 noun /pərˈfek.ʃən/

Perfection

完璧

Meaning

the state of being complete and without flaws; the highest degree of excellence

Example

The artist spent years trying to achieve perfection in his paintings.

アーティストは彼の絵画で完璧を達成するために何年も費やしました。

C1 adjective /ˌpɛd.əˈɡɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

pedagogical

教育的

Meaning

Relating to teaching and education; concerned with the methods and practice of teaching.

Example

The school adopted new pedagogical techniques to improve learning.

学校は学習を改善するために新しい教育的技術を採用しました。

C2 noun /ˈpɪərɪdʒ/

peerage

貴族階級

Meaning

the title or rank of a peer; the nobility as a group

Example

He was elevated to the peerage by the king.

彼は王によって貴族階級に昇進しました。

C2 adjective /ˈprɛʃənt/ or /ˈpriːʃənt/

prescient

先見の明がある

Meaning

having or showing knowledge of events before they take place

Example

The prescient investor sold his shares just before the market crashed.

先見の明がある投資家は市場が崩壊する前に株を売却しました。

C1 adjective /pɪˈkjuːniˌɛri/

pecuniary

財政的な

Meaning

relating to money or financial matters

Example

They faced pecuniary difficulties after the business failed.

彼らはビジネスが失敗した後、財政的な困難に直面しました。

C2 noun /ˈpoʊ.ɪˌtæs.tər/

poetaster

劣った詩人

Meaning

an inferior or trivial poet

Example

He was mocked as a poetaster by the literary critics.

彼は文学評論家によってポエタスターとして嘲笑されました。

C1 noun ˌpriː.dɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən

predisposition

素因

Meaning

A natural tendency or inclination toward a particular behavior or condition.

Example

Genetic factors can influence a person's predisposition to diseases.

遺伝的要因は、病気に対する人の素因に影響を与える可能性があります。

B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

チャンピオン決定戦

Meaning

a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams

Example

The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.

チームは強いシーズン後にプレーオフに進出しました。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛktərəl/

pectoral

胸筋

Meaning

Relating to the chest or breast.

Example

The athlete focused on strengthening his pectoral muscles.

アスリートは自分の胸筋を強化することに集中していました。

B2 noun /pʌntʃ/

Punch

パンチ

Meaning

a tool used for making holes or indentations in materials

Example

The carpenter used a punch to make holes in the leather.

大工は革に穴を開けるためにパンチを使用しました。

B1 noun /ˈpʌb.lɪ.ʃər/

Publisher

出版社

Meaning

a person or company that produces and distributes books, magazines, or newspapers

Example

The publisher decided to print 10,000 copies of the new novel.

出版社は新しい小説の10,000部を印刷することに決めました。

C2 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪæk/

paranoiac

パラノイア的な人

Meaning

A person who suffers from paranoia or exhibits extreme, irrational distrust and suspicion.

Example

The paranoiac refused to leave his house, fearing everyone was against him.

そのパラノイア的な人は、みんなが自分に反対していると恐れて家を出ることを拒んだ。

C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌmɑːrtɚ/

protomartyr

最初の殉教者

Meaning

The first martyr in a cause or religion, often referring to the first Christian martyr.

Example

St. Stephen is known as the protomartyr of Christianity.

聖ステファノはキリスト教のプロトマーティアとして知られています。

C2 verb /ˈproʊtjuːbəreɪt/

protuberate

膨らむ

Meaning

To swell out or bulge.

Example

The roots began to protuberate from the ground.

根は地面から膨らみ始めました。

C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

天才児

Meaning

a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities

Example

Mozart was a child prodigy in music.

モーツァルトは音楽の天才児でした。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛneɪt/

pennate

羽のような

Meaning

Having parts or structures arranged like a feather; feather-shaped.

Example

The fern has a pennate leaf structure.

シダ植物の葉の構造は羽のような形状です。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

簡潔で意味深い

Meaning

concise and meaningful; full of substance

Example

She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.

彼女は問題を完璧に要約した簡潔なコメントをしました。

B2 noun /pɪtʃ/

pitch

音程、投げ

Meaning

the quality of a sound; the level or degree of intensity; a throw or toss

Example

The singer's pitch was perfect during the performance.

歌手の音程はパフォーマンス中完璧でした。

C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

フィトケミカル

Meaning

Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.

Example

Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.

緑茶に含まれるフィトケミカルは炎症を軽減するのに役立ちます。

B1 noun /prəʊ/

pro

プロフェッショナル

Meaning

a professional, especially in sports; or a person who is in favor of something

Example

He plays tennis like a pro.

彼はプロのようにテニスをプレーします。

C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

挑発的

Meaning

Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.

Example

She wore a provocative dress to the party.

彼女はパーティーに挑発的なドレスを着ていた。

B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

奇妙に; 異常に

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic

Example

She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.

彼女はフォーマルディナーのために、明るい色と珍しい柄の服を着て、特異な方法でドレスアップしました。

C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

寓話

Meaning

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.

Example

Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.

イエスはしばしば深い真理を伝えるために寓話を使って教えていました。

C2 verb /prəˈpɪʃieɪt/

propitiate

なだめる

Meaning

to win or regain the favor of someone by doing something that pleases them

Example

He offered gifts to propitiate the angry gods.

彼は怒った神々をなだめるために贈り物を捧げました。

A1 noun /pɑːrt/

part

部分

Meaning

a piece or segment of something

Example

She gave me a part of her chocolate.

彼女は私にチョコレートの一部をくれました。

B1 noun /prəˈfeʃ.ən/

Profession

職業

Meaning

a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill

Example

Teaching is a noble profession that shapes future generations.

教育は未来の世代を形作る高貴な職業です。

B1 noun /ˈprɛər/

prayer

祈り

Meaning

a solemn request for help or expression of thanks addressed to God or another deity

Example

She recited a prayer before the meal.

彼女は食事の前に祈りを捧げました。

C2 adjective /ˈpɑːmi/

palmy

繁栄 / 栄光

Meaning

prosperous, flourishing, or relating to palm trees

Example

He often reminisced about the palmy days of his youth.

彼は若い頃の繁栄した日々をよく思い出していました。

C1 noun/verb /ˈprɛdɪkət/ (noun), /ˈprɛdɪkeɪt/ (verb)

predicate

述語 / 基づく

Meaning

noun: the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject; verb: to base or establish something on a particular idea

Example

His theory is predicated on sound research.

彼の理論は確かな研究に基づいています。

C1 noun /ˈpreɪsiː/

precis

要約

Meaning

A concise summary of a text or speech.

Example

The student submitted a précis of the long article.

学生は長い記事の要約を提出しました。

C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

略奪者

Meaning

a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder

Example

The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.

戦いの後、略奪者たちは村を荒らしました。

C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

推定

Meaning

Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.

Example

She is the presumptive nominee for the party.

彼女はその党の推定候補者です。

B2 noun /pəˈsjuːt/

pursuit

追求, 探求

Meaning

the act of chasing or trying to achieve something

Example

He dedicated his life to the pursuit of happiness.

彼は幸福を追い求めることに人生を捧げた。

B2 adjective /prəˈnaʊnst/

pronounced

顕著な

Meaning

very noticeable or strongly marked

Example

There is a pronounced difference between the two styles.

二つのスタイルの間には顕著な違いがあります。

C2 verb /ˌpriːɔːrˈdeɪn/

preordain

前もって決める

Meaning

To decide or determine an outcome in advance, especially by fate or divine will.

Example

They believed their meeting was preordained by destiny.

彼らは自分たちの出会いが運命によって前もって決められていると信じていた。

A2 verb /pʊʃ/

push

押す

Meaning

to exert force to move something away from oneself; to press against

Example

Push the button to ring the bell.

ボタンを押してベルを鳴らします。

B1 noun praɪd

pride

誇り

Meaning

A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements or from achievements associated with one.

Example

Victory Day fills our hearts with pride.

勝利の日は私たちの心を誇りで満たします。

C2 noun /ˈpær.əkˌsɪz.əm/

paroxysm

突然の爆発的な感情

Meaning

A sudden, violent outburst of emotion or activity.

Example

She was seized by a paroxysm of laughter.

彼女は突然の笑いの爆発に襲われた。

C2 noun /ˈplænɪsfɪr/

planisphere

星図盤

Meaning

a rotating star chart used to display the visible stars for any time and date

Example

The astronomer used a planisphere to identify the constellations.

天文学者は星座を識別するために星図盤を使用しました。

C1 adjective /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

predisposed

傾向

Meaning

Likely or inclined to be affected by something in advance.

Example

She is predisposed to trust people easily.

彼女は人々を簡単に信頼する傾向があります。

C2 noun /ˌpɛdəˈɡɒdʒɪks/

pedagogics

教育学

Meaning

the science or art of teaching

Example

He studied pedagogics to become a better teacher.

彼はより良い教師になるために教育学を学びました。

B2 noun /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/

pipeline

パイプライン

Meaning

a long tube through which liquids or gases are transported

Example

The company is building a new pipeline to transport natural gas.

その会社は天然ガスを輸送するための新しいパイプラインを建設しています。

B2 noun

Patriot

愛国者

C1 adjective /ˈpærəmaʊnt/

paramount

最も重要な

Meaning

more important than anything else; supreme

Example

Safety is of paramount importance in this factory.

この工場では安全が最も重要です。

B1 noun /ˈproʊɡræmɪŋ/

programing

プログラミング

Meaning

the process of writing computer code to create software or applications

Example

He spends most of his time learning computer programming.

彼はコンピュータープログラミングを学ぶのにほとんどの時間を費やしています。

C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ɪ.staɪn/

philistine

文化や芸術に無関心または敵対的な人

Meaning

a person who is indifferent or hostile to culture and the arts

Example

He was criticized as a philistine for dismissing modern art.

彼は現代アートを拒否したことでフィリスティンと批判された。

B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

部分的; 偏見のある;

Meaning

incomplete; showing bias or prejudice

Example

The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.

裁判官は被告人に有利な部分的な決定を下した。

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

psychiatrist

精神科医

Meaning

a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness

Example

The psychiatrist prescribed medication for the patient’s anxiety.

精神科医は患者の不安に対して薬を処方しました。

A1 noun /plæn/

plan

計画

Meaning

A detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.

Example

A good plan keeps you focused.

良い計画はあなたを集中させます。

B2 adjective /ˈpen.dɪŋ/

Pending

保留中; 未決定; 進行中

Meaning

awaiting; not yet decided or settled; in the process of being completed

Example

The application is still pending approval.

申請はまだ承認待ちです。

C1 noun /ˈsaɪkiː/

psyche

魂 / 心

Meaning

the human soul, mind, or spirit

Example

The novel explores the depths of the human psyche.

その小説は人間の精神の深層を探求します。

C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

遅くて退屈な

Meaning

slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort

Example

The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.

その映画は面白かったが、真ん中で少し遅くて退屈だった。

B2 noun /pəˈtɪʃən/

petition

請願書

Meaning

a formal written request, typically signed by many people, appealing to authority about a cause

Example

They signed a petition to improve road safety in the area.

彼らはその地域の道路安全を改善するために請願書に署名しました。

B2 adjective /ˌpɑːrləˈmɛntri/

parliamentary

議会の

Meaning

relating to a parliament or its members; relating to a system of government with parliamentary authority

Example

The country follows a parliamentary form of government.

その国は議会制の政府を採用している。

B1 noun /per/

Pear

梨

Meaning

a sweet juicy fruit with a rounded shape that is wider at the bottom than the top

Example

She enjoyed a fresh pear from the orchard.

彼女は果樹園から新鮮な梨を楽しみました。

B1 noun /ˈproʊtiːn/

protein

Meaning

a molecule composed of amino acids essential for bodily functions

Example

Proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.

C2 noun /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjuːəti/

perspicuity

明瞭さ

Meaning

Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.

Example

The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics.

彼の講義の明瞭さは、学生が複雑なトピックを理解するのを容易にしました。

C1 adjective /ˈpleɪntɪv/

plaintive

悲しげな, 哀れな

Meaning

expressing sadness or sorrow

Example

He raised a plaintive cry for help.

彼は助けを求めて哀願するような叫びを上げた。

C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

民営化

Meaning

The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.

Example

The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.

国有企業の民営化は効率を高めました。

C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪt/

plaudit

賞賛

Meaning

an expression of praise or approval

Example

The actor received plaudit for his outstanding performance.

俳優は彼の優れた演技に対して賞賛を受けました。

B2 noun /ˈpæs.taɪm/

Pastime

余暇

Meaning

an activity done regularly for enjoyment; a hobby or recreational activity

Example

Reading books is her favorite pastime during weekends.

読書は週末の彼女のお気に入りの余暇活動です。

C2 adjective /ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs/

pusillanimous

臆病な

Meaning

showing a lack of courage or determination; timid

Example

The pusillanimous leader avoided making tough decisions.

臆病なリーダーは難しい決断を避けていた。

C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ə.dʒɪ.nɪst/

philogynist

女性を愛する人

Meaning

a person who loves or admires women

Example

As a known philogynist, he advocated for women's education.

有名なフィロジニストとして、彼は女性の教育を支持しました。

B2 adjective /ˈpleɪfəl/

playful

遊び好きな, 活発な

Meaning

full of fun and high spirits; lively

Example

The puppy was very playful, running around the garden.

子犬はとても遊び好きで、庭を走り回っていました。

C2 /ˈpæn.ə.pli/

panoply

全装備

Meaning

A complete or impressive collection of things; a full set of armor.

Example

The museum displayed a panoply of ancient weapons.

博物館は古代の武器の全装備を展示しました。

B2 noun /ˈpɑːrtɪkəl/

particle

粒子

Meaning

a very small piece or amount of something

Example

Dust particles floated in the air near the window.

窓の近くの空気中にほこりの粒子が浮かんでいました。

A1 noun /ˈpiːtsə/

pizza

ピザ

Meaning

a flat round bread baked with toppings such as cheese, tomato, and other ingredients

Example

We ordered a large pepperoni pizza for dinner.

私たちは夕食に大きなペパロニピザを注文しました。

C2 adjective /ˌpɒliˈæn.ɪ.ɪʃ/

pollyannaish

過度に楽観的

Meaning

overly or blindly optimistic

Example

Her pollyannaish attitude ignored the obvious problems.

彼女の過度に楽観的な態度は明らかな問題を無視していた。

C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

杵

Meaning

A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.

Example

She used a pestle to grind the spices.

彼女はスパイスを挽くために杵を使いました。

B2 adjective /ˈpæʃənət/

passionate

情熱的な

Meaning

showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief

Example

He is passionate about environmental conservation.

彼は環境保護に情熱を注いでいます。

C2 noun /pərˈsɪpiəns/

percipience

洞察力

Meaning

The ability to perceive, understand, or notice things quickly.

Example

His percipience in reading people made him a great negotiator.

人々を読む彼の洞察力は、彼を素晴らしい交渉者にしました。