insurgent
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C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

反乱者
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
軍隊は攻撃後、数人の反乱者を逮捕した。
C1 adjective /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪ.tɪd/

inebriated

酔っ払った
Meaning
under the influence of alcohol; drunk
Example
He stumbled into the room completely inebriated.
彼は完全に酔っ払って部屋に入ってきた。
C1 noun /ɪˌreɡjəˈlærɪti/

irregularity

不規則性
Meaning
lack of regularity or consistency; a deviation from what is normal, expected, or orderly
Example
The audit revealed several financial irregularities in the company’s records.
監査により、その会社の記録にいくつかの財務上の不規則性が明らかになった。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

借金がある; 感謝している
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
私は先生のすべての指導に深く感謝しています。
C1 adjective /ˈɪrɪtəbl/

irritable

Meaning
easily annoyed or made angry
Example
She became irritable after working long hours without rest.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/

inoffensive

無害な
Meaning
Not likely to offend or provoke; harmless.
Example
His inoffensive remarks kept the conversation friendly.
彼の無害なコメントは会話を友好的に保ちました。
C1 adjective ˈɪn.lənd

Inland

内陸
Meaning
Situated in the interior of a country; away from the coast.
Example
Inland transport boosts local trade.
内陸輸送は地元の貿易を促進します。
C1 noun /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/

inkling

予感
Meaning
A slight idea, hint, or suspicion about something.
Example
She had an inkling that he was planning a surprise.
彼女は彼がサプライズを計画しているという予感を持っていた。
C1 verb /ɪnˈterəˌɡeɪt/

interrogate

尋問する
Meaning
to ask someone questions in a thorough and formal way; to question intensively
Example
The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
警察は容疑者を何時間も尋問した。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt/

incompetent

Meaning
Lacking the necessary ability or skills to do something successfully.
Example
He was fired because he was incompetent at his job.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

障害
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.
Example
Economic impediments often hinder social development.
経済的な障害はしばしば社会的発展を妨げる。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

本能的, 自然な, 自動的
Meaning
Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.
Example
His instinctive reaction saved his life.
彼の本能的な反応は彼の命を救った。
C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

扇動する
Meaning
To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.
Example
He was accused of instigating the riot.
彼は暴動を扇動したとして告発された。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

詐欺師; 偽者
Meaning
a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud
Example
The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.
詐欺師は医者だとみんなを納得させましたが、彼の偽の資格が発覚するまでそれが続きました。
C1 adjective /ˈaɪərnˌklæd/

ironclad

鉄壁の
Meaning
impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm
Example
The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers.
その会社はサプライヤーと鉄壁の契約を結んでいた。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

内省的
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
作家はしばしば非常に内省的な人々である。
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

同位体
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
炭素-14は化石の年代を測定するために使用される放射性同位体です。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

不整合
Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
彼のスピーチは不整合で、理解するのが難しかった。
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

複雑さ
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
デザインの複雑さは全員を感動させました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/

Insomnia

不眠症
Meaning
habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep; the condition of being unable to sleep
Example
Her chronic insomnia made it difficult for her to concentrate during work hours.
彼女の慢性的な不眠症は、仕事中に集中するのを難しくさせた。
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

イントネーション
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
彼のイントネーションは観客を引きつけた。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

尋問
Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
ジャーナリストは、自分の情報源に関するパネルからの厳しい尋問に直面した。
C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

非効率
Meaning
The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.
Example
Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.
政府の非効率性がプロジェクトの完了を遅らせる。
C1 verb /ɪnˈskraɪb/

inscribe

刻む
Meaning
to write or carve words or symbols on a surface
Example
They inscribed her name on the trophy.
彼らはトロフィーに彼女の名前を刻みました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

逆さにする
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
彼は水が流れ出るようにグラスを逆さまにしました。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

ingenuity

独創性
Meaning
The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenuity led to groundbreaking innovations.
彼の創意工夫は画期的な革新を生み出しました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

稀な
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
彼は海外に移住した後、故郷にあまり頻繁に訪れることはありませんでした。
C1 adjective /ˈɪndɪɡoʊ bluː/

Indigo-blue

インディゴブルー
Meaning
a deep blue color with a purplish tinge
Example
The indigo-blue sky looked magnificent at twilight.
インディゴブルーの空は夕暮れ時に壮大に見えた。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

説明できない
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
ファイルの突然の消失は説明できなかった。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪm/

inflame

煽る
Meaning
to arouse strong feelings or provoke anger; to cause inflammation in the body
Example
The politician's remarks served to inflame public opinion.
政治家の発言は公共の意見を煽る結果になった。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

Innumerable

無数; 数えきれない; 無限
Meaning
too many to be counted; countless; infinite in number
Example
There are innumerable stars in the night sky that we cannot see with our naked eyes.
夜空には数えきれない星があり、私たちは裸眼では見ることができません。
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

不平等
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
社会的不平等は依然としてグローバルな問題です。
C1 adjective ɪˈluː.sər.i

illusory

幻の
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real although seeming to be.
Example
His sense of security was entirely illusory.
彼の安全感は完全に幻のものだった。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/

incongruous

不調和
Meaning
Not fitting in with or suitable for the surroundings.
Example
His jokes were incongruous during the serious meeting.
彼の冗談は真面目な会議では不調和だった。
C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

扇動する
Meaning
to provoke; to stir up
Example
His speech incited the crowd to violence.
彼のスピーチは群衆を暴力に駆り立てた。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/

inventive

創造的
Meaning
Having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.
Example
The inventor was known for his inventive solutions to everyday problems.
発明家は日常の問題に対する創造的な解決策で知られていた。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

破産
Meaning
unable to pay debts owed
Example
The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.
破産した企業は財務義務を果たせなかった。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

内省
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
内省を通じて、彼女は自分の感情に対する深い洞察を得ました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

帰納的
Meaning
characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles
Example
The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.
科学者は帰納的推論を使って仮説を立てました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

寛容な
Meaning
Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.
Example
The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.
寛容な母は子供を遅くまで起きていることを許しました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

無能
Meaning
Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.
Example
The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.
プロジェクトはマネージャーの無能のため失敗しました。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

非互換性
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
2つのソフトウェアシステムの非互換性のため、そのプロジェクトは失敗した。
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

即時性, 緊迫感
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
デジタルコミュニケーションの即時性は、ビジネスの運営方法を変えました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈækjʊrəsi/

inaccuracy

不正確さ
Meaning
lack of accuracy or precision; an incorrect or wrong detail
Example
The report contained several factual inaccuracies.
その報告書にはいくつかの不正確さがあった。
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

浸る
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
新しい言語に浸ってください。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

妨げる
Meaning
To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.
Example
Lack of funds can impede business growth.
資金不足はビジネスの成長を妨げる可能性があります。
C1 noun /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

intestine

腸
Meaning
The part of the digestive system where food is digested and absorbed, extending from the stomach to the anus.
Example
The doctor explained how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
医者は、小腸で栄養素がどのように吸収されるかを説明しました。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛrɪl/

imperil

危険にさらす
Meaning
To put in danger or at risk.
Example
Reckless driving can imperil the lives of others.
無謀な運転は他人の命を危険にさらす可能性があります。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

卵、細胞、または生物を適切な条件で発展させるプロセス
Meaning
the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development
Example
The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.
卵のインキュベーションは三週間続きました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfɛst/

infest

侵入する
Meaning
to overrun in large numbers, especially so as to cause damage or discomfort
Example
The old house was infested with rats.
古い家はネズミで侵されていました。
C1 adjective, noun /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ (adjective), /ɪnˈvælɪd/ (noun)

invalid

無効
Meaning
Not valid; having no force or effect. Also refers to a person too weak or ill to care for themselves.
Example
The court declared the contract invalid.
裁判所は契約を無効と宣言した。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

信じがたい
Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
彼女が話した話はあまりにも信じられないほどで、誰も彼女を信じなかった。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səbˈstæn.ʃəl/

insubstantial

不十分な
Meaning
Lacking strength, substance, or solidity.
Example
The evidence provided was insubstantial and unconvincing.
提供された証拠は不十分で説得力がなかった。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

内省する
Meaning
To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.
Example
He often introspects before making important decisions.
彼は重要な決定を下す前にしばしば自己分析をします。
C1 adjective /ɪˈluː.sɪv/

Illusive

幻想的な; 存在しているように見えるが実際には存在しない; 騙すような
Meaning
deceptive; appearing to exist but not real; misleading
Example
The promise of easy money proved to be illusive and misleading.
簡単なお金の約束は幻想的であり、誤解を招くものでした。
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

推論
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
科学者たちは実験データに基づいて推論を行います。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/

intuitive

直感的
Meaning
Based on instinctive understanding rather than reasoning.
Example
The software has an intuitive design that makes it easy to use.
そのソフトウェアは直感的なデザインを持っており、使いやすいです。
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

imbed

埋め込む
Meaning
To fix firmly or deeply in a surrounding mass.
Example
The journalist imbedded himself with the troops to report firsthand.
ジャーナリストは部隊に埋め込まれて、最前線から報告を行った。
C1 noun ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs trəˈdɪʃənz

Indigenous Traditions

先住民の伝統
Meaning
Cultural practices, beliefs, and customs that have been passed down through generations among native peoples.
Example
Indigenous traditions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are unique.
チッタゴン丘陵地帯の先住民の伝統はユニークです。
C1 noun ɪmˈpɛə(r)mənt

impairment

損傷、障害
Meaning
The state of being damaged or weakened; a disability or handicap.
Example
Hearing impairment can be caused by long-term exposure to loud noise.
聴力障害は長期間の大きな音への曝露によって引き起こされる可能性があります。
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

奇妙で個人的な
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
彼の独特な行動は彼を同僚たちから区別させた。
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

間奏
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
演劇の二つの幕の間に短い音楽の間奏がありました。
C1 noun /ɪˈreləvəns/

irrelevance

無関係性
Meaning
the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance
Example
His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue.
彼の長い説明は、細部が主な問題と無関係であることを強調しただけだった。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

虚弱
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
その虚弱な老人は歩くために助けが必要でした。
C1 noun /ɪnˈvɜːrʒən/

inversion

逆転
Meaning
A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.
Example
In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis.
詩では、逆転は強調を作るためによく使われます。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

無機の
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
無機化合物は化学の基本です。
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən/

indigestion

Meaning
Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.
Example
He avoided spicy food because it often gave him indigestion.
C1 verb /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/

institutionalize

制度化する
Meaning
to establish something as a formal institution, custom, or practice
Example
The government seeks to institutionalize environmental protection.
政府は環境保護を制度化しようとしています。
C1 noun /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

intimidation

威圧
Meaning
The action of frightening or threatening someone to make them do something.
Example
The workers reported cases of intimidation by the management.
労働者たちは経営陣による威圧の事例を報告しました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv/

Irrespective

無視して; 問わず
Meaning
without taking something into account; regardless of
Example
All students will be treated equally, irrespective of their background.
すべての学生は、背景に関係なく平等に扱われます。
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

不可欠な能力
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
デジタルリテラシーは21世紀のインディスペンセブルなコンピテンスです。
C1 noun /aɪˈtɪnərɛri/

itinerary

旅程
Meaning
A planned route or schedule of a journey or trip.
Example
The travel agent gave us a detailed itinerary for our vacation.
旅行代理店は私たちの休暇のために詳細な旅程を提供してくれました。
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

不法な
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
警察は不法な麻薬取引を閉鎖しました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt/

invalidate

無効にする
Meaning
To make something not valid or legally acceptable.
Example
The new evidence may invalidate the previous ruling.
新しい証拠が前の判決を無効にするかもしれません。
C1 adjective /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/

immaterial

無関係
Meaning
Not important or relevant; lacking physical substance.
Example
The judge ruled that the argument was immaterial to the case.
裁判官はその議論が事件に関係ないと判断しました。
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

直感
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
彼女の直感は何かが間違っていると言った。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsjələr/

insular

狭い心の、島に関連する
Meaning
Narrow-minded, isolated, or relating to an island.
Example
The community was criticized for its insular attitudes toward outsiders.
そのコミュニティは外部の人々に対する狭量な態度で批判されました。
C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

複雑
Meaning
very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand
Example
The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.
アーティストは壁に複雑な模様を作り出しました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbl/

indivisible

Meaning
Not able to be divided or separated.
Example
The country's unity was indivisible despite differences.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

理解不能
Meaning
Impossible or very difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.
教授の講義は速すぎて理解不能になった。
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌpleɪ/

interplay

相互作用
Meaning
The way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
Example
The interplay between culture and technology shapes modern life.
文化と技術の相互作用が現代生活を形作っています。
C1 adverb, adjective /ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ/

incognito

インコグニート
Meaning
In disguise or with one's identity concealed.
Example
The celebrity traveled incognito to avoid the paparazzi.
有名人はパパラッチを避けるためにインコグニートで旅行した。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

impertinent

無礼な
Meaning
rude and showing a lack of respect
Example
It was impertinent of him to question the manager's decision.
マネージャーの決定に疑問を呈するのは無礼でした。
C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

洞察力、分析能力
Meaning
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
Example
His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.
彼の洞察力は複雑な問題を解決するのに役立ちました。
C1 verb /ɪmˈploʊd/

implode

内爆
Meaning
To collapse or burst inward violently.
Example
The old building imploded during the demolition.
古い建物は解体中に内向きに崩壊しました。
C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

相互接続性
Meaning
The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components
Example
The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.
インターコネクティビティの発展は、世界中のコミュニケーションを変革しました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

抑制できない
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
彼女はスピーチ中に抑制できない笑いの衝動を隠すことができませんでした。
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

無差別に
Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
会社は従業員を彼らのパフォーマンスを考慮せずに無差別に解雇しました。
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

没入
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
VRゲームへの没入は、ユーザーが仮想世界にいるように感じさせます。
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

インフラ整備
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
インフラストラクチャー開発は効率的なリサイクルに必要です。
C1 noun /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənsi/

insufficiency

不足
Meaning
The state of not being enough or not being adequate.
Example
The project failed due to the insufficiency of funds.
プロジェクトは資金不足のため失敗しました。
C1 noun /ˈɪm.pæs/

impasse

行き詰まり
Meaning
A situation where no progress is possible.
Example
The negotiations reached an impasse, delaying the agreement.
交渉は行き詰まり、合意が遅れた。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

無礼
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
教師は生徒の無礼さに驚いた。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.krəˈmen.təl

incremental

増分的
Meaning
Relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; proceeding in small stages.
Example
Incremental changes ensure sustainability.
増分的な変化は持続可能性を確保します。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

不純
Meaning
contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances
Example
The impure water caused health problems in the village.
不純な水は村で健康問題を引き起こしました。
C1 noun /ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

irresponsibility

無責任
Meaning
lack of responsibility or accountability; failure to act in a reliable or sensible way
Example
The accident was caused by his irresponsibility at work.
その事故は彼の職場での無責任さが原因でした。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Inhuman

非人道的
Meaning
lacking human qualities of compassion and mercy; cruel or barbaric
Example
The prisoners were kept in inhuman conditions.
囚人たちは非人道的な状況で収容されていました。
C1 verb /ˈɪnsjuleɪt/

insulate

Meaning
To protect something by covering it, especially to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering.
Example
The house was insulated to reduce heating costs.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdem.nə.ti/

Indemnity

補償
Meaning
security or protection against a loss or other financial burden; compensation for damage or loss
Example
The insurance company provided full indemnity for the damages caused by the flood.
保険会社は洪水による損害に対して完全な補償を提供しました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

Invariable

不変の; 一定の; 常に同じ
Meaning
never changing; constant; always the same
Example
His invariable routine includes morning exercise and coffee.
彼の不変のルーチンには、朝の運動とコーヒーが含まれています。
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

気づかれない
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
彼の行動の変化は最初は気づかれないものでした。
C1 adverb /ɪnˈvɜːrs.li/

Inversely

逆に; 反対に
Meaning
in a way that is opposite or contrary; in reverse order or manner
Example
The price of goods is inversely related to their availability in the market.
商品の価格は市場での入手可能性に逆に関連しています。
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

Illogical

非論理的
Meaning
not reasonable or sensible; lacking logic
Example
It would be illogical to go swimming in such cold weather.
こんなに寒い天気で泳ぐのは非論理的です。
C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/

incubate

孵化する
Meaning
to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development
Example
The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.
そのニワトリは卵が孵化するまでインキュベートします。
C1 adjective ɪnˈsaɪ.sɪv

incisive

鋭い
Meaning
Intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important.
Example
His incisive comments revealed the core issues.
彼の鋭いコメントは核心的な問題を明らかにしました。
C1 noun /ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃən/

intimation

示唆
Meaning
A subtle or indirect hint or suggestion.
Example
She gave no intimation of her plans.
彼女は自分の計画について何の示唆も与えなかった。
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrksəm/

irksome

迷惑的
Meaning
annoying or irritating
Example
Waiting in a long line is one of the most irksome tasks.
長い列に並んでいるのは、最も迷惑な作業の一つです。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdiːsənt/

indecent

不品な
Meaning
not conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality; improper or offensive
Example
He was warned for making an indecent remark during the meeting.
彼は不品な発言で注意された。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

付随的
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
スナックやチップのような付随的な費用は請求書に含まれていました。
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɛkəbl

impeccable

完璧な
Meaning
In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.
Example
His impeccable taste in fashion was admired by all his peers.
彼の完璧なファッションセンスは、すべての同僚に賞賛されました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

効果がない
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.
Example
The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.
マネージャーの効果がないリーダーシップは、チームがモチベーションを失う原因となった。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

注入
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
彼女はカモミールティーの落ち着く注入を準備しました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːməri/

infirmary

診療所
Meaning
A hospital or place where the sick or injured are cared for.
Example
The school had an infirmary for minor injuries.
学校には軽傷のための診療所がありました。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

透過しない
Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
ジャケットは雨に透過しません。
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

修復不可能
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
その事故は彼の背骨に修復不可能な損傷を与えました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈtɛntɪv/

inattentive

不注意な
Meaning
not paying attention; lacking focus or concentration
Example
The inattentive student missed several important instructions.
不注意な学生は重要な指示をいくつも逃した。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbəl/

Indisputable

議論の余地がない; 否定できない; 確定的
Meaning
impossible to deny or argue against; undeniable; certain
Example
The evidence against him was indisputable.
彼に対する証拠は議論の余地がなかった。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːʃən/

insertion

挿入
Meaning
the action of inserting something into something else
Example
The insertion of the new data was completed successfully.
新しいデータの挿入は成功裏に完了しました。
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

開会
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
その組織は正式に開会されました。
C1 noun /ˈɪnkwest/

inquest

調査
Meaning
A legal or official inquiry, especially into the cause of a death.
Example
The inquest revealed the cause of the accident.
調査は事故の原因を明らかにしました。