infringe
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C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

侵害する
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
許可なくこのソフトウェアをコピーすると著作権法を侵害することになります。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

内省的
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
作家はしばしば非常に内省的な人々である。
C1 noun ɪnˈdʌldʒəns

indulgence

嗜好
Meaning
The practice of allowing oneself to enjoy the pleasure of something.
Example
His indulgence in junk food affected his health.
彼のジャンクフードへの過度の嗜好は健康を害した。
C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

無期限で
Meaning
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
Example
The project has been postponed indefinitely.
プロジェクトは無期限で延期されました。
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

理想主義的
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
彼女は世界を変えるという理想主義的な見方を持っています。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdjələs/

incredulous

Meaning
unwilling or unable to believe something
Example
He gave her an incredulous look when she claimed she could fly.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːʃən/

insertion

挿入
Meaning
the action of inserting something into something else
Example
The insertion of the new data was completed successfully.
新しいデータの挿入は成功裏に完了しました。
C1 adverb /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli/

incidentally

ちなみに
Meaning
by the way; used to introduce a remark not directly related to the main subject
Example
Incidentally, did you know that she studied in Paris?
ちなみに、彼女がパリで勉強していたことを知っていましたか？
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/

inoffensive

無害な
Meaning
Not likely to offend or provoke; harmless.
Example
His inoffensive remarks kept the conversation friendly.
彼の無害なコメントは会話を友好的に保ちました。
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɛkəbl

impeccable

完璧な
Meaning
In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.
Example
His impeccable taste in fashion was admired by all his peers.
彼の完璧なファッションセンスは、すべての同僚に賞賛されました。
C1 adjective ɪˈneɪt

Innate

生まれつきのまたは自然の
Meaning
Existing from birth or natural
Example
She has an innate talent for music.
彼女は音楽において生まれつきの才能を持っている。
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

反論できない
Meaning
impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable
Example
The evidence against him was irrefutable.
彼に対する証拠は否定できないものでした。
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

無能
Meaning
Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.
Example
The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.
プロジェクトはマネージャーの無能のため失敗しました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪm/

inflame

煽る
Meaning
to arouse strong feelings or provoke anger; to cause inflammation in the body
Example
The politician's remarks served to inflame public opinion.
政治家の発言は公共の意見を煽る結果になった。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

耐えられない
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
工事現場の騒音は耐えられないほどひどかった。
C1 noun /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/

inkling

予感
Meaning
A slight idea, hint, or suspicion about something.
Example
She had an inkling that he was planning a surprise.
彼女は彼がサプライズを計画しているという予感を持っていた。
C1 noun /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənsi/

insufficiency

不足
Meaning
The state of not being enough or not being adequate.
Example
The project failed due to the insufficiency of funds.
プロジェクトは資金不足のため失敗しました。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

詐欺師; 偽者
Meaning
a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud
Example
The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.
詐欺師は医者だとみんなを納得させましたが、彼の偽の資格が発覚するまでそれが続きました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

負う
Meaning
To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.
Example
He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.
彼は間違った場所に駐車して罰金を科せられた。
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

開会
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
その組織は正式に開会されました。
C1 noun /ˈɪrɪtənt/

irritant

刺激物
Meaning
something that causes irritation or discomfort
Example
Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies.
ほこりはアレルギーを持つ人々にとって一般的な刺激物です。
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

輸入
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
高級品の輸入は厳しく規制されています。
C1 verb /ˈɪnstɪˌɡeɪt/

instigate

扇動する
Meaning
To bring about or initiate an action, often something negative.
Example
He was accused of instigating the riot.
彼は暴動を扇動したとして告発された。
C1 adjective /ɪˈneɪn/

inane

無意味な, 馬鹿な
Meaning
lacking sense, meaning, or significance; silly or pointless
Example
The movie was criticized for its inane dialogue.
その映画は無意味なセリフで批判された。
C1 noun ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən

insulation

絶縁
Meaning
Material used to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from being transmitted from one area to another.
Example
Insulation of food storage areas can prevent pests from entering.
食品保管エリアの絶縁は、害虫が侵入するのを防ぐことができます。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/

indignant

憤慨した
Meaning
Feeling or showing anger at something considered unfair or unjust.
Example
She was indignant when accused of cheating.
彼女は不正行為を非難されたとき、憤慨していた。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/

indistinct

不明瞭な
Meaning
Not clear or sharply defined; vague or blurred.
Example
The sound of voices was indistinct in the distance.
遠くからの声は不明瞭でした。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflɛksəbl/

inflexible

柔軟性がない
Meaning
Not able to bend or change; unwilling to change ideas or behavior.
Example
His inflexible attitude made negotiations difficult.
彼の柔軟性がない態度は交渉を難しくしました。
C1 verb /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/

infiltrate

浸透
Meaning
to secretly enter or gain access to a place or group
Example
The spies managed to infiltrate the enemy base.
スパイたちは敵基地に infiltrate できた。
C1 noun /ˈɪtʃ.i.nəs/

itchiness

かゆみ
Meaning
The quality or condition of feeling an irritating sensation on the skin that causes a desire to scratch.
Example
Eye itchiness often leads to rubbing.
目のかゆみはしばしば擦る原因となります。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

あり得ない
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
彼が時間通りに到着するのはあり得ないようだ。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

無礼な、傲慢な
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
その無礼な学生は教師の指示に従うことを拒否した。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt/

incompetent

Meaning
Lacking the necessary ability or skills to do something successfully.
Example
He was fired because he was incompetent at his job.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

インデックス
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
発表後、株式市場のインデックスは急落しました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

軽率
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
公衆の面前で計画について言及するのは軽率だった。
C1 verb /ˌɪntərˈsɛpt/

intercept

Meaning
to stop, catch, or seize something on its way from one place to another
Example
The police intercepted the stolen car before it crossed the border.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

付随的
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
スナックやチップのような付随的な費用は請求書に含まれていました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbl/

inaccessible

アクセスできない
Meaning
unable to be reached, entered, or understood
Example
The remote village is almost inaccessible during the rainy season.
その遠隔地の村は雨季にはほとんどアクセスできません。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/

incongruous

不調和
Meaning
Not fitting in with or suitable for the surroundings.
Example
His jokes were incongruous during the serious meeting.
彼の冗談は真面目な会議では不調和だった。
C1 adjective /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/

immaterial

無関係
Meaning
Not important or relevant; lacking physical substance.
Example
The judge ruled that the argument was immaterial to the case.
裁判官はその議論が事件に関係ないと判断しました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtræk.tə.bəl/

intractable

管理不能
Meaning
Difficult or impossible to manage, control, or solve.
Example
The conflict has become an intractable problem.
その対立は管理不能な問題になった。
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

irreversible

不可逆な
Meaning
Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.
Example
The damage caused by the fire was irreversible.
火事によって生じた損害は不可逆でした。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.trə.bəl/

impenetrable

Meaning
Impossible to pass through or enter; impossible to understand.
Example
The dense forest was nearly impenetrable.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/

Indecision

優柔不断; 決断力の欠如; 迷い
Meaning
the inability to make decisions quickly; uncertainty about what to do
Example
Her indecision about which job offer to accept caused her to miss both opportunities.
どの仕事のオファーを受けるかについての優柔不断さが、両方のチャンスを逃す原因となった。
C1 verb /ɪˈnɔːɡjʊreɪt/

inaugurate

Meaning
To formally begin or introduce something, especially with a ceremony.
Example
The mayor will inaugurate the new bridge tomorrow.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

虚弱
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
その虚弱な老人は歩くために助けが必要でした。
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

無力
Meaning
Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.
Example
The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.
市民は腐敗したシステムに対して無力だと感じた。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

殺虫剤
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
農夫は作物を有害な虫から守るために殺虫剤を噴霧しました。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

障害
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.
Example
Economic impediments often hinder social development.
経済的な障害はしばしば社会的発展を妨げる。
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪmprɪnt/

imprint

刻印
Meaning
A mark or impression made by pressure; to establish or fix firmly in someone's mind.
Example
The event left an indelible imprint on the city's history.
その出来事は都市の歴史に消えない刻印を残した。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/

inconsistency

不一致
Meaning
The quality of being contradictory, irregular, or not staying the same.
Example
There is an inconsistency between his words and actions.
彼の言葉と行動には不一致があります。
C1 adjective ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs

ingenious

独創的
Meaning
Showing inventiveness and skill; clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenious ideas transformed modern physics.
彼の独創的なアイデアは現代物理学を変えました。
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

インフラ整備
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
インフラストラクチャー開発は効率的なリサイクルに必要です。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

即時
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
温度の変化はほぼ即時でした。
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

同位体
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
炭素-14は化石の年代を測定するために使用される放射性同位体です。
C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

発生率
Meaning
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something
Example
The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.
今年の道路事故の発生率は減少しました。
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

暫定的
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
暫定政府は移行段階を管理します。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Indignity

屈辱
Meaning
treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame or loss of dignity; humiliation
Example
She refused to suffer the indignity of being searched without proper cause.
彼女は正当な理由もなく荷物検査を受けるという屈辱に耐えることを拒んだ。
C1 verb /ɪnˈterəˌɡeɪt/

interrogate

尋問する
Meaning
to ask someone questions in a thorough and formal way; to question intensively
Example
The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
警察は容疑者を何時間も尋問した。
C1 adjective ɪn ˈfleɪ.ʃə.ner.i

inflationary

インフレ的
Meaning
Characterized by or tending to cause monetary inflation; relating to rising prices.
Example
The government took measures to control inflationary pressures.
政府はインフレ圧力を制御するために措置を講じた。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

偽る
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
彼は警察官を装おうとしたため逮捕されました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪt/

inflate

膨らませる；水増しする
Meaning
to fill with air or gas so it expands; to increase excessively or artificially
Example
The mechanic inflated the tire to the correct pressure.
整備士はタイヤを適切な空気圧まで膨らませた。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

重要でない
Meaning
Not important or significant; too small to matter.
Example
The mistake was minor and inconsequential.
その間違いは小さく、重要ではありませんでした。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

差し迫った
Meaning
about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening
Example
The villagers were worried about the impending flood.
村人たちは差し迫った洪水を心配していた。
C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

不活動
Meaning
the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action
Example
Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.
長期間の不活動は身体的および精神的健康に悪影響を与えます。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

世代間、異なる世代間で発生する
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
インタージェネレーショナルな知恵は文化的継続性を確保する。
C1 verb /ɪnˈstɪl/

instill

植え付ける
Meaning
to gradually but firmly establish an idea, attitude, or habit in someone's mind
Example
Parents try to instill good values in their children.
親は子供に良い価値観を植え付けようとしています。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

信じがたい
Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
彼女が話した話はあまりにも信じられないほどで、誰も彼女を信じなかった。
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈdʒɛkʃən/

interjection

感嘆詞
Meaning
a word or phrase used to express sudden emotion or reaction, often standing alone
Example
Words like 'wow' and 'ouch' are common interjections in English.
'わお'や'痛っ'は英語でよく使われる感嘆詞です。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

Innumerable

無数; 数えきれない; 無限
Meaning
too many to be counted; countless; infinite in number
Example
There are innumerable stars in the night sky that we cannot see with our naked eyes.
夜空には数えきれない星があり、私たちは裸眼では見ることができません。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfæləbl̩/

infallible

間違いない
Meaning
incapable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Her judgment seemed infallible in matters of finance.
彼女の判断は財務問題において間違いないように見えた。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

inhibited

抑制された
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
彼は自分の本当の感情を表現するにはあまりにも抑制されていた。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

inexcusable

許しがたい
Meaning
Too bad to be justified or overlooked; unforgivable.
Example
His rude behavior was inexcusable.
彼の無礼な行動は許しがたいものでした。
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

不平等
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
社会的不平等は依然としてグローバルな問題です。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəbl/

intelligible

Meaning
Able to be understood; clear enough to be comprehended.
Example
Her speech was barely intelligible over the noise.
C1 noun ɪˌræʃ.ənˈæl.ɪ.ti

irrationality

非合理性, 非論理性, 不合理
Meaning
The quality of being illogical or unreasonable; lack of rational thought.
Example
His decision was driven by complete irrationality.
彼の決定は完全に非合理的でした。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

不安定な
Meaning
not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability
Example
The instable political situation worried foreign investors.
不安定な政治状況が外国の投資家を心配させた。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

損なう
Meaning
to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability
Example
Smoking can impair your lung capacity.
喫煙は肺活量を害する可能性があります。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

insurmountable

克服不可能
Meaning
Too great to be overcome.
Example
The explorers faced insurmountable odds in the desert.
探検者たちは砂漠で克服不可能な障害に直面した。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

Innermost

最も深い; 最も個人的な
Meaning
most private and secret; deepest; most personal
Example
She shared her innermost feelings with her closest friend.
彼女は最も深い感情を最も親しい友人と共有しました。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

無生物
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
博物館には古代の無生物がいっぱいだった。
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/

interchangeable

交換可能な
Meaning
able to be exchanged with each other without difference or loss of function
Example
These machine parts are interchangeable, so they can be replaced easily.
これらの機械部品は交換可能なため、簡単に交換できます。
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

休憩
Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
その劇には20分間の休憩がありました。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/

impediment

障害
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; something that prevents progress.
Example
Lack of funds is a major impediment to the project.
資金不足はプロジェクトの大きな障害です。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

誘因
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
会社は従業員にインセンティブとしてボーナスを提供しました。
C1 noun /ˈɪn.fən.tri/

Infantry

歩兵
Meaning
soldiers marching or fighting on foot; foot soldiers collectively
Example
The infantry advanced across the battlefield on foot.
歩兵は戦場を徒歩で進んだ。
C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

イディオム
Meaning
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
Example
The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.
イディオム '氷を破る' は、友好的な方法で会話を始めることを意味します。
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrɪmɪˌneɪt/

incriminate

有罪にする
Meaning
to make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing
Example
The new evidence could incriminate the suspect in the robbery case.
新しい証拠がロビー事件の容疑者を有罪にする可能性があります。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

本能的, 自然な, 自動的
Meaning
Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.
Example
His instinctive reaction saved his life.
彼の本能的な反応は彼の命を救った。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

学際的
Meaning
Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
Example
The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.
教育における学際的アプローチは、問題解決スキルを向上させる。
C1 noun /ˈɪnkwest/

inquest

調査
Meaning
A legal or official inquiry, especially into the cause of a death.
Example
The inquest revealed the cause of the accident.
調査は事故の原因を明らかにしました。
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

修復不可能
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
その事故は彼の背骨に修復不可能な損傷を与えました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈvoʊk/

invoke

呼び出す
Meaning
to call upon a higher power, authority, or principle for help, support, or justification
Example
The lawyer invoked the constitution to defend his client.
弁護士は憲法を引き合いに出して自分のクライアントを守った。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

切り離せない
Meaning
Unable to be separated or always together.
Example
The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.
二人の友達は子供の頃から切り離せないです。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

起訴する
Meaning
to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime
Example
The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.
大陪審団は腐敗のために政治家を起訴することを決定した。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

不整合
Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
彼のスピーチは不整合で、理解するのが難しかった。
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

推論
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
科学者たちは実験データに基づいて推論を行います。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

Invariable

不変の; 一定の; 常に同じ
Meaning
never changing; constant; always the same
Example
His invariable routine includes morning exercise and coffee.
彼の不変のルーチンには、朝の運動とコーヒーが含まれています。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

内省
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
内省を通じて、彼女は自分の感情に対する深い洞察を得ました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

Meaning
to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office
Example
She was inducted into the university's honor society.
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpjəd(ə)nt/

impudent

無礼な、厚かましい
Meaning
not showing due respect for another person; rude
Example
The impudent child talked back to the teacher.
その無礼な子供は先生に逆らった。
C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

火成
Meaning
Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Example
Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.
花崗岩は建設に一般的に使用される火成岩です。
C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

義務的な
Meaning
necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.
Example
It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.
すべての市民が法律を守るのは義務である。
C1 adjective ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl

inexhaustible

尽きることのない
Meaning
Unable to be used up or worn out; limitless.
Example
His inexhaustible energy allowed him to work tirelessly on his projects.
彼の尽きることのないエネルギーは、彼がプロジェクトに休むことなく取り組むことを可能にしました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈvɜːrʒən/

inversion

逆転
Meaning
A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.
Example
In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis.
詩では、逆転は強調を作るためによく使われます。
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

複雑さ
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
デザインの複雑さは全員を感動させました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

Indescribable

言葉では表現できない
Meaning
impossible to describe or express in words; beyond description
Example
The beauty of the sunset was indescribable.
夕日の美しさは言葉では表現できないほどでした。
C1 adjective; noun /ɪˈmɔːrtl/

immortal

不死の
Meaning
living forever; never dying; lasting forever in fame or memory
Example
Legends often describe heroes as immortal beings who never die.
伝説では英雄は不死の存在だとされる。
C1 noun /ˌɪnˈdɪsəplɪn/

indiscipline

規律の欠如
Meaning
lack of discipline or self-control; failure to obey rules or maintain order
Example
Indiscipline among the students disrupted the learning environment.
学生の規律の欠如が学習環境を乱した。
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

浸る
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
新しい言語に浸ってください。
C1 verb /ɪnˈskraɪb/

inscribe

刻む
Meaning
to write or carve words or symbols on a surface
Example
They inscribed her name on the trophy.
彼らはトロフィーに彼女の名前を刻みました。
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

不敬な
Meaning
showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected
Example
The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.
コメディアンの不敬なジョークは、観客の一部を不快にさせた。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbl/

indivisible

Meaning
Not able to be divided or separated.
Example
The country's unity was indivisible despite differences.
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

即時性, 緊迫感
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
デジタルコミュニケーションの即時性は、ビジネスの運営方法を変えました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv/

Irrespective

無視して; 問わず
Meaning
without taking something into account; regardless of
Example
All students will be treated equally, irrespective of their background.
すべての学生は、背景に関係なく平等に扱われます。
C1 noun /ˈɪnˌmeɪt/

inmate

囚人
Meaning
a person confined to an institution such as a prison or hospital
Example
The prison has over a thousand inmates.
刑務所には千人以上の囚人がいます。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt/

incoherent

一貫性のない
Meaning
Not clear or easy to understand; lacking logical connection.
Example
His explanation was so incoherent that nobody could follow it.
彼の説明はあまりにも一貫性がなく、誰もそれを追うことができませんでした。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

化身
Meaning
the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form
Example
The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.
その僧侶は慈悲の化身と見なされていた。
C1 adverb /ɪnˈvɜːrs.li/

Inversely

逆に; 反対に
Meaning
in a way that is opposite or contrary; in reverse order or manner
Example
The price of goods is inversely related to their availability in the market.
商品の価格は市場での入手可能性に逆に関連しています。
C1 noun /ɪnˌkɑːsəˈreɪʃən/

incarceration

投獄
Meaning
the state of being imprisoned or confined
Example
The criminal faced years of incarceration for his crimes.
犯人はその犯罪のために長年の投獄を受けた。