C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

推論

Meaning

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.

Example

Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.

科学者たちは実験データに基づいて推論を行います。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbl/

inextricable

分けられない

Meaning

Impossible to separate or escape from.

Example

The two friends shared an inextricable bond.

二人の友達は分けられない絆を共有していた。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈses.ənt/

incessant

絶え間ない

Meaning

Continuing without pause or interruption; constant.

Example

The incessant noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.

建設現場からの絶え間ない騒音は集中するのを困難にしました。

A2 adverb /ɪˈmiːdiətli/

immediately

直ちに

Meaning

at once; without delay

Example

She responded immediately to the emergency call.

彼女は緊急の電話に直ちに応答した。

B1 adjective /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/

illegal

違法

Meaning

Not allowed by law; unlawful.

Example

It is illegal to drive without a valid license.

有効な免許なしで運転することは違法です。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒnstənt/

inconstant

不安定な

Meaning

frequently changing; not consistent or dependable

Example

His inconstant moods made it difficult to work with him.

彼の不安定な気分は彼と仕事をするのを難しくした。

C2 verb /ɪnˈsɪnəˌreɪt/

incinerate

焼却する

Meaning

to burn something completely until it is reduced to ashes

Example

The city decided to incinerate the medical waste for safety.

その都市は安全のために医療廃棄物を焼却することを決定しました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/

intuitive

直感的

Meaning

Based on instinctive understanding rather than reasoning.

Example

The software has an intuitive design that makes it easy to use.

そのソフトウェアは直感的なデザインを持っており、使いやすいです。

B2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒp.ər/

Improper

不適切な; 不正確な; 不適当な

Meaning

inappropriate; incorrect; not suitable

Example

It would be improper to discuss personal matters in a business meeting.

ビジネス会議で個人的な事柄を議論するのは不適切です。

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

不活性

Meaning

lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive

Example

The patient remained inert on the bed.

患者はベッドで動かずにじっとしていました。

B2 noun ˌɪr.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

irrigation

灌漑

Meaning

The artificial application of water to land or soil.

Example

Irrigation systems improve crop yields in dry regions.

灌漑システムは乾燥した地域で作物の収穫量を増加させます。

B1 noun/adjective /ˈɪnstənt/

instant

瞬間

Meaning

A very short period of time; happening immediately.

Example

He replied in an instant without hesitation.

彼は躊躇うことなく瞬時に返答した。

C2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətəri/

interrogatory

尋問的な

Meaning

expressed in the form of a question; relating to questioning

Example

The lawyer’s interrogatory tone made the witness uncomfortable.

弁護士の尋問的な口調は証人を不快にさせました。

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

損なう

Meaning

to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability

Example

Smoking can impair your lung capacity.

喫煙は肺活量を害する可能性があります。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈdɛkərəs/

indecorous

不作法

Meaning

Not in keeping with good taste and propriety; improper.

Example

His indecorous behavior shocked the audience.

彼の不作法な振る舞いは観客を驚かせた。

C2 noun /ˌɪnjuːˈɛndəʊ/

innuendo

暗示

Meaning

An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.

Example

The manager's innuendo was directed towards his competitor.

マネージャーの暗示は競争相手に向けられていました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

耐え難い

Meaning

Too extreme to bear; intolerable.

Example

The heat during the summer was insufferable.

夏の暑さは耐え難かった。

B2 noun /ɪnˈsen.tɪv/

Incentive

インセンティブ; 刺激

Meaning

a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something; a reward or penalty that influences behavior

Example

The company offered a cash incentive to employees who exceeded their sales targets.

その会社は売上目標を達成した従業員に現金インセンティブを提供しました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

耐えられない

Meaning

unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful

Example

The noise from the construction site was intolerable.

工事現場の騒音は耐えられないほどひどかった。

C1 adjective /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/

illegitimate

不正

Meaning

Not authorized by law, rules, or standards; not recognized as valid.

Example

The court ruled the contract to be illegitimate.

裁判所は契約が不正であると判断しました。

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

無礼

Meaning

lack of respect; rudeness

Example

The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.

教師は生徒の無礼さに驚いた。

C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

複雑さ

Meaning

the quality of being very detailed or complicated

Example

The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.

デザインの複雑さは全員を感動させました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/

inventive

創造的

Meaning

Having the ability to create or design new things or to think originally.

Example

The inventor was known for his inventive solutions to everyday problems.

発明家は日常の問題に対する創造的な解決策で知られていた。

C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

無差別に

Meaning

without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination

Example

The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.

会社は従業員を彼らのパフォーマンスを考慮せずに無差別に解雇しました。

B2 noun /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

instinct

本能

Meaning

A natural way of behaving or reacting that does not require learning.

Example

Birds build nests by instinct.

鳥は本能で巣を作ります。

B2 verb /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/

isolate

隔離する

Meaning

To separate something or someone from others.

Example

Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.

医師たちは感染の拡大を防ぐために患者を隔離しようとしました。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/

inequitable

不公平な

Meaning

Not fair or just; lacking in fairness or equality.

Example

The distribution of resources was inequitable among the workers.

リソースの分配は労働者の間で不平等でした。

C2 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tʃər/

Imposture

偽装; 詐欺; 虚偽

Meaning

the practice of deceiving others by pretending to be someone else; fraudulent deception

Example

The elaborate imposture lasted for months before investigators uncovered the truth.

その精巧な詐欺は数ヶ月続き、調査員が真実を明らかにするまで続いた。

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæʃənd/

impassioned

情熱的な

Meaning

Filled with or showing great emotion.

Example

She gave an impassioned speech about human rights.

彼女は人権について情熱的なスピーチを行いました。

B2 verb /ɪnˈspekt/

inspect

検査する

Meaning

to examine something carefully to check for problems or faults

Example

The engineer will inspect the building for structural damage.

エンジニアは建物の構造的な損傷を検査します。

C2 noun /ˈɪn.dɪ.dʒəns/

indigence

貧困

Meaning

a state of extreme poverty or destitution

Example

The charity was founded to help people living in indigence.

その慈善団体は貧困の中で生活している人々を助けるために設立されました。

C1 noun /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

ingenuity

独創性

Meaning

The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.

Example

His ingenuity led to groundbreaking innovations.

彼の創意工夫は画期的な革新を生み出しました。

B2 adjective /ɪˈmɒrəl/

immoral

不道徳な

Meaning

Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; unethical or wicked.

Example

He was fired for his immoral behavior.

彼は不道徳な行動で解雇されました。

B2 verb /ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/

incorporate

組み込む

Meaning

to include something as part of a whole; to form a corporation

Example

The new design incorporates advanced technology.

新しいデザインは先進技術を組み込みます。

C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

世代間、異なる世代間で発生する

Meaning

Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.

Example

Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.

インタージェネレーショナルな知恵は文化的継続性を確保する。

C2 noun /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtər/

inquisitor

尋問者

Meaning

A person who asks many questions, often in an official or harsh manner.

Example

The inquisitor demanded detailed answers from the witness.

尋問者は証人から詳細な回答を要求しました。

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜː.mə.nəns/

impermanence

無常

Meaning

The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.

Example

The philosophy of Buddhism emphasizes the impermanence of life.

仏教の哲学は、人生の無常性を強調します。

B2 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrt/

insert

挿入する

Meaning

to put or place something into something else

Example

Please insert the key into the lock.

鍵をロックに挿入してください。

C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈmɑːtər/

imprimatur

承認

Meaning

An official license or approval, especially to publish a book.

Example

The book was released with the official imprimatur of the church.

その本は教会の正式な承認を得て出版されました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərəbl/

inconsiderable

取るに足らない

Meaning

Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.

Example

The donation was not inconsiderable, though smaller than expected.

寄付は取るに足らなかったが、予想よりも小さかった。

B1 adjective /ˈɪnər/

inner

内面的

Meaning

Located inside or closer to the center; relating to one’s thoughts or feelings.

Example

She shared her inner thoughts with her best friend.

彼女は最良の友達に内面的な思いを共有しました。

C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪɡniə/

insignia

徽章

Meaning

A badge or symbol that shows rank, position, or membership.

Example

The soldier proudly wore the insignia of his regiment.

兵士は誇らしげに自分の連隊の徽章を身に着けていました。

C1 adjective /ɪˈmoʊbəl/

immobile

動けない

Meaning

unable to move or be moved

Example

After the accident, he was immobile for weeks.

事故の後、彼は数週間動けなかった。

B2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Invisible

見えない

Meaning

unable to be seen; not visible to the eye

Example

The bacteria are invisible without a microscope.

細菌は顕微鏡なしでは見えません。

C2 adjective /ˌɪlˈneɪ.tʃəd/

ill-natured

性格が悪い

Meaning

Having a bad or unpleasant character; unkind or malicious.

Example

He made an ill-natured remark about his colleague.

彼は同僚について悪意のある発言をしました。

C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

欠かせないサポート

Meaning

Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.

Example

Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.

ボランティアはコミュニティに欠かせないサポートを提供しています。

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

開幕

Meaning

marking the beginning of something; first; opening

Example

The president delivered his inaugural speech.

大統領は彼の開幕スピーチを行いました。

C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

投獄する

Meaning

to imprison or confine someone

Example

The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.

当局は裁判後に犯罪者を投獄しました。

C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdɪst/

immodest

傲慢 / 不適切

Meaning

lacking humility or decency; excessively proud or improper

Example

His immodest remarks offended the audience.

彼の傲慢な発言は観客を不快にさせた。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnseɪt/

insensate

無感情な

Meaning

lacking physical sensation or empathy; without feeling or sensitivity

Example

The dictator's insensate cruelty shocked the world.

独裁者の無感情な残虐さは世界を驚かせた。

B2 adjective /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idle

怠惰な; 非活動的な; 使われていない

Meaning

lazy; inactive; not working or being used

Example

The factory workers were idle during the strike.

工場の労働者はストライキ中に暇だった。

B1 adjective /aɪˈdiːəl/

ideal

理想的な

Meaning

the best possible; perfect for a situation

Example

This place is ideal for a picnic.

この場所はピクニックに理想的です。

C1 noun ˌɪn.toʊˈneɪ.ʃən

intonation

イントネーション

Meaning

The rise and fall of tone in speech and pronunciation.

Example

Proper intonation enhances the clarity of a speech.

適切なイントネーションはスピーチの明確さを高めます。

C2 noun /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsəns/

incandescence

白熱光

Meaning

the emission of light from a hot object; brilliance

Example

The incandescence of the candle filled the dark room.

ろうそくの白熱光が暗い部屋を満たしました。

C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

無期限で

Meaning

for an unlimited or unspecified period of time

Example

The project has been postponed indefinitely.

プロジェクトは無期限で延期されました。

C1 noun /aɪˈtɪnərɛri/

itinerary

旅程

Meaning

A planned route or schedule of a journey or trip.

Example

The travel agent gave us a detailed itinerary for our vacation.

旅行代理店は私たちの休暇のために詳細な旅程を提供してくれました。

B2 noun /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/

instability

不安定

Meaning

lack of stability or balance; tendency to change, fail, or collapse easily

Example

Political instability has slowed economic growth in the region.

政治的な不安定さが地域の経済成長を遅らせた。

B2 verb /ɪmˈplaɪ/

imply

暗示する

Meaning

To suggest something without directly stating it.

Example

Her tone seemed to imply that she was upset.

彼女の口調は、彼女が怒っていることを示唆しているようでした。

C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

内向的

Meaning

A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.

Example

As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.

内向的な性格として、パーティに参加するよりも読書の方が好きでした。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

本能的, 自然な, 自動的

Meaning

Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.

Example

His instinctive reaction saved his life.

彼の本能的な反応は彼の命を救った。

B2 adverb /aɪˈrɒnɪkli/

ironically

皮肉にも

Meaning

in a way that is contrary to what is expected or intended

Example

Ironically, the fire station burned down.

皮肉にも、消防署が焼け落ちた。

C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/

inimical

敵対的 / 不利な

Meaning

tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly or hostile

Example

The policy was inimical to the country's economic growth.

その政策は国の経済成長に不利だった。

C2 adjective/verb /ɪnˈkɑːrneɪt/

incarnate

具現化

Meaning

to embody or represent in human form; in flesh

Example

She is kindness incarnate.

彼女は親切さの具現化です。

B2 noun /aɪˈdiː/

id

身分証明書

Meaning

identification; a document or number used to prove who someone is

Example

Please show your ID at the entrance.

入口で身分証明書を提示してください。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

Invariable

不変の; 一定の; 常に同じ

Meaning

never changing; constant; always the same

Example

His invariable routine includes morning exercise and coffee.

彼の不変のルーチンには、朝の運動とコーヒーが含まれています。

C2 adjective /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsənt/

incandescent

白熱

Meaning

emitting light as a result of being heated; extremely bright or passionate

Example

The incandescent lamp lit up the entire hall.

白熱灯はホール全体を照らしました。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɜːs/

Inverse

逆の; 反対の

Meaning

opposite in order, nature, or effect; reversed

Example

There is an inverse relationship between price and demand.

価格と需要の間に逆の関係があります。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

執拗な

Meaning

demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no

Example

The child was insistent on getting a new toy.

その子供は新しいおもちゃを手に入れることに執拗だった。

C1 adjective /ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs/

imprecise

不正確

Meaning

Not exact or accurate; vague.

Example

His explanation was too imprecise to be helpful.

彼の説明はあまりにも不正確で役に立たなかった。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

説明できない

Meaning

Impossible to explain or understand.

Example

The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.

ファイルの突然の消失は説明できなかった。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

無頓着

Meaning

Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.

Example

He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.

彼は無頓着に肩をすくめて、歩き去った。

C2 adjective /ˈɪl bred/

Ill-bred

無作法な

Meaning

lacking good manners; rude; showing poor upbringing

Example

His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.

彼の無作法な振る舞いは、ディナー・パーティーで皆を驚かせた。

C2 adjective /ɪnˈtræn.sɪ.dʒənt/

intransigent

頑固な, 譲らない, 固執した

Meaning

Unwilling or refusing to change one's views or to agree about something.

Example

His intransigent stance delayed the agreement.

彼の頑固な態度が合意を遅らせました。

A1 preposition /ˈɪntuː/

into

中へ

Meaning

expressing movement or direction to the inside of something

Example

She walked into the room quietly.

彼女は静かに部屋に入った。

C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

無機の

Meaning

relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth

Example

Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.

無機化合物は化学の基本です。

A2 verb /ɪnˈkri:s/

increase

増加

Meaning

to become or make something larger in amount, number, or degree

Example

The company plans to increase its production this year.

その会社は今年、生産を増加させる予定です。

Meaning

To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.

Example

The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.

C1 noun ɪnˈsɒl.vən.si

insolvency

破産

Meaning

The state of being unable to pay debts owed; bankruptcy.

Example

The company declared insolvency after years of losses.

その会社は多くの損失の後、破産を宣言した。

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

弁護できない

Meaning

not able to be protected or justified

Example

The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.

大臣の発言は公衆によって弁護できないとみなされました。

C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈmɪt.ənt

intermittent

断続的

Meaning

Happening irregularly, not continuously.

Example

The rain was intermittent throughout the day.

雨は一日中断続的でした。

B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/

importantly

重要な方法で

Meaning

in a way that is of great significance or value

Example

Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.

重要な方法で、報告書は即時の行動の必要性を強調しました。

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛmpərəns/

intemperance

節度を欠くこと

Meaning

Lack of moderation or self-control, especially with drinking or eating.

Example

His intemperance in drinking ruined his health.

彼の飲酒の節度を欠くことが健康を害した。

いらいらして

Meaning

in a manner showing annoyance or restlessness due to delay or waiting

Example

She tapped her fingers impatiently while waiting for the reply.

彼女は返事を待ちながらいらいらして指を叩いていた。