durability
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C1 noun ˌdjʊə.rəˈbɪl.ə.ti

durability

耐久性
Meaning
The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.
Example
The durability of materials affects performance.
素材の耐久性はパフォーマンスに影響を与えます。
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ

decipher

解読する, 暗号を解く, 翻訳する
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
古代の文字を解読するのに何時間もかかりました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɜːrst/

dispersed

散らばった
Meaning
Scattered or spread across a wide area.
Example
The dispersed population made it difficult to provide public services.
散らばった人口は公共サービスの提供を困難にしました。
C1 verb /druːp/

droop

垂れる
Meaning
to bend or hang downward; to become weak or tired
Example
The flowers began to droop in the heat.
花は暑さで垂れ始めました。
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛm.ɪ.neɪt/

disseminate

普及する
Meaning
To spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people.
Example
Social media helps to disseminate information quickly.
ソーシャルメディアは情報を迅速に普及するのに役立ちます。
C1 verb /ˈdɛprɪˌkeɪt/

deprecate

非難する
Meaning
to express disapproval of something
Example
The teacher deprecated the use of slang in academic essays.
教師は学術論文でのスラングの使用を非難しました。
C1 verb /dɪˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/

demoralize

Meaning
to cause someone to lose confidence or hope
Example
The constant criticism demoralized the young athlete.
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːbiəs/

dubious

疑わしい
Meaning
Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.
Example
She gave him a dubious look after hearing his excuse.
彼女は彼の言い訳を聞いた後、疑わしい目で彼を見ました。
C1 noun /dɜːrθ/

dearth

不足
Meaning
A scarcity or lack of something.
Example
There was a dearth of food during the famine.
飢饉の間に食料が不足していた。
C1 verb /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/

dislodge

追い出す
Meaning
To remove or force out from a position, especially one that is fixed or hard to move.
Example
The troops dislodged the enemy from the hill.
部隊は敵を丘から追い出した。
C1 noun /dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

Deficiency

不足; 欠乏; 不足感
Meaning
a lack or shortage of something; inadequacy or insufficiency
Example
The doctor diagnosed a vitamin D deficiency in the patient's blood test.
医師は患者の血液検査でビタミンDの不足を診断しました。
C1 adjective /dɪsˈsɪmɪlər/

dissimilar

異なる
Meaning
Not alike; different.
Example
Though they are twins, their personalities are dissimilar.
彼らは双子だが、性格は異なる。
C1 verb ˈdwɪn.dl

dwindle

減少する
Meaning
To diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength; to become progressively smaller.
Example
His savings dwindled due to unexpected expenses.
予期しない支出のため、彼の貯金は減少しました。
C1 noun /ˈdɛsɪˌbɛl/

decibel

デシベル
Meaning
a unit used to measure the intensity of sound
Example
The noise level in the factory exceeded 90 decibels.
工場の騒音レベルは90デシベルを超えました。
C1 verb /dɪˈflɛkt/

deflect

反らす / 避ける
Meaning
to cause something to change direction; to avoid answering directly
Example
The shield deflected the incoming arrow.
盾は飛んできた矢を反らした。
C1 verb, noun /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒən/

disillusion

幻滅
Meaning
to cause someone to realize that something is not as good as they believed
Example
The scandal disillusioned many voters.
そのスキャンダルは多くの有権者を幻滅させた。
C1 noun /ˈdɛspətɪzəm/

despotism

専制政治
Meaning
absolute power exercised in a cruel and oppressive way
Example
The people revolted against the era of despotism.
人々は専制政治の時代に反乱を起こしました。
C1 verb /dɪˈraɪd/

deride

嘲笑する
Meaning
to mock or ridicule someone or something
Example
The critics derided the new movie for its poor script.
批評家たちはその新しい映画を悪い脚本のせいで嘲笑した。
C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

derivative

派生物
Meaning
Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.
Example
The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works.
その映画は、前の作品を模倣しすぎて批判されました。
C1 noun dɪˈspær.ə.ti

disparity

格差
Meaning
A great difference or inequality.
Example
Disparity between countries must be reduced.
国々の間の格差は減少するべきです。
C1 adjective /ˈdɒɡɪd/

dogged

執拗
Meaning
showing stubborn determination and persistence
Example
She succeeded through dogged determination.
彼女は執拗な決意で成功を収めました。
C1 noun ˌdɪs.ɪnˈfek.ʃən

disinfection

消毒
Meaning
The process of destroying harmful microorganisms to prevent infection.
Example
Kitchen appliances require frequent disinfection.
キッチン用具は頻繁に消毒する必要があります。
C1 verb /dɪˈbɑːr/

debar

禁止する
Meaning
To officially prevent someone from doing something.
Example
He was debarred from entering the competition due to cheating.
彼は不正行為のため競技への参加が禁止されました。
C1 adjective ˌdet.rɪˈmen.təl

detrimental

有害な
Meaning
Tending to cause harm; damaging or harmful.
Example
Pollution has detrimental effects on fertility.
汚染は生殖能力に有害な影響を与えます。
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

信者; 献身者
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
クラシック音楽の信者として、彼女は都市のすべてのコンサートに参加していました。
C1 noun dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nənt

determinant

決定的な要素
Meaning
A factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.
Example
Education is a key determinant of success.
教育は成功の重要な決定的要素です。
C1 adjective /ˈdaʊn.kæst/

downcast

Meaning
feeling sad, dejected, or with lowered eyes
Example
He looked downcast after hearing the bad news.
C1 noun /ˈdaɪnəˌmoʊ/

dynamo

電気を発生させる機械; 大きなエネルギーと熱意を持つ人物
Meaning
A machine that generates electricity; a person with great energy and enthusiasm.
Example
She is the real dynamo behind the success of the company.
彼女は会社の成功の背後にある本物のダイナモです。
C1 noun ˌdɪs.æmˌbɪɡ.juˈeɪ.ʃən

disambiguation

曖昧さの解消
Meaning
The removal of ambiguity by making something clear and unambiguous.
Example
The AI system applies disambiguation to refine text understanding.
AIシステムはテキスト理解を精緻化するためにディスアンビギュエーションを適用します。
C1 adjective /ˈdɔːr.mənt/

Dormant

非アクティブ; 眠っている; 一時的に保留された; 現在アクティブではない
Meaning
inactive; sleeping; temporarily suspended; not currently active
Example
The volcano has been dormant for over a century.
火山は1世紀以上の間休眠状態です。
C1 noun ˌdɪm.ɪˈnjuː.ʃən

diminution

減少
Meaning
A reduction in the size, extent, or importance of something; decrease.
Example
There has been a diminution in air pollution.
大気汚染の減少がありました。
C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

ファイル
Meaning
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
Example
The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.
弁護士は証拠のドシエを裁判所に提出しました。
C1 verb ˈdiː.vi.eɪt

deviate

逸脱する
Meaning
To depart from an established course or normal pattern.
Example
He tends to deviate from the original plan.
彼は元の計画から外れる傾向がある。
C1 verb /dɪˈfaɪl/

defile

汚す
Meaning
to pollute, corrupt, or make dirty
Example
The river was defiled by industrial waste.
川は工業廃水によって汚された。
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
C1 verb /ˈdæmpən/

dampen

湿らせる, 和らげる
Meaning
to make something slightly wet; to make something less strong, active, or intense
Example
The rain dampened the excitement of the outdoor concert.
雨が屋外コンサートの興奮を和らげました。
C1 noun ˌdaɪvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

diversification

多様化
Meaning
The practice of spreading investments across various assets or sectors to reduce risk.
Example
Diversification helps to reduce investment risk.
ダイバーシフィケーションは投資リスクを減らすのに役立ちます。
C1 noun /dɪsˈɒn.ər/

Dishonour

不名誉
Meaning
a state of shame or disgrace; lack of honor or integrity; failure to fulfill obligations
Example
Breaking his promise brought dishonour to his name and family legacy.
約束を破ったことが彼の名前と家族の遺産に不名誉をもたらした。
C1 noun ˈdɛf.ər.əns

deference

敬意
Meaning
Humble submission and respect.
Example
He showed deference to his elderly mentor.
彼は年上のメンターに敬意を示しました。
C1 noun /ˈdaɪhɑːrd/

diehard

Meaning
A person who strongly resists change and remains loyal to a belief or cause.
Example
He is a diehard fan of classic rock music.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɛnsəbəl/

defensible

守ることができる / 正当化できる
Meaning
Capable of being protected against attack or criticism; justifiable.
Example
Her decision was legally defensible.
彼女の決定は法的に守ることができた。
C1 verb /dɪsˈkleɪm/

disclaim

否定する
Meaning
to deny responsibility or connection with something
Example
The company disclaimed responsibility for the accident.
その会社は事故に対する責任を否定しました。
C1 noun /ˈdɒɡmə/

dogma

ドグマ
Meaning
A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
Example
The religious leader strictly adhered to traditional dogma.
宗教的指導者は伝統的なドグマに厳格に従った。
C1 noun /ˈdɛdlɒk/

deadlock

行き詰まり
Meaning
a situation in which progress is impossible because of disagreement
Example
Negotiations reached a deadlock after neither side agreed to compromise.
交渉は双方が妥協に同意しなかったため行き詰まりました。
C1 noun ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk trænˈzɪʃən

demographic transition

人口転換
Meaning
A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically
Example
The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society.
人口転換は高齢化社会への移行を示しています。
C1 noun /dɪˈmiːnər/

demeanor

態度
Meaning
a person's outward behavior or appearance
Example
Her calm demeanor impressed everyone at the meeting.
彼女の冷静な態度は会議で皆に感銘を与えました。
C1 verb /daɪˈvɛst/

divest

Meaning
to strip away possessions, rights, or assets; to rid oneself of
Example
The company decided to divest its unprofitable division.
C1 noun /daɪˈsɛkʃən/

dissection

解剖
Meaning
the act of cutting apart or analyzing something in detail, especially a body or structure
Example
The dissection of the specimen revealed important details about its structure.
標本の解剖はその構造に関する重要な詳細を明らかにした。
C1 noun /ˈdæmpər/

damper

力、効果、または興奮を減少または抑制するもの
Meaning
something that reduces or lessens the force, effect, or excitement
Example
The cancellation of the trip put a damper on their enthusiasm.
旅行のキャンセルは彼らの熱意をそぐことになった。
C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

暴君
Meaning
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
Example
The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.
暴君は恐怖と暴力で国を支配した。
C1 noun dɪˈskrep.ən.siz

discrepancies

不一致
Meaning
Differences between things that should be the same
Example
Discrepancies in regulations delay progress.
規則の不一致が進行を遅らせている。
C1 noun ˌdiːˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən

deregulation

規制緩和
Meaning
The removal or reduction of government regulations in an economic sector.
Example
Deregulation has increased competition in the telecommunications sector.
規制緩和は通信業界で競争を促進しました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

diminutive

非常に小さい
Meaning
extremely or unusually small
Example
Despite his diminutive size, he was a powerful leader.
その非常に小さい体格にもかかわらず、彼は強力なリーダーだった。
C1 verb /ˈdaʊn.pleɪ/

downplay

軽視する
Meaning
to make something seem less important than it really is
Example
The company tried to downplay the risks of the new product.
会社は新しい製品のリスクを軽視しようとしました。
C1 verb /ˈdɛnɪˌɡreɪt/

denigrate

貶める
Meaning
to criticize unfairly; to belittle or disparage someone or something
Example
He was quick to denigrate the achievements of his colleagues.
彼は同僚の業績をすぐに貶めました。
C1 noun /dɪˈvaɪzər/

divisor

除数
Meaning
A number by which another number is divided.
Example
In the equation 12 ÷ 3, the number 3 is the divisor.
方程式12 ÷ 3では、数字3が除数です。
C1 noun /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən/

differentiation

差別化, 分化
Meaning
The action or process of differentiating or distinguishing between things.
Example
Differentiation from competitors can create a unique market position.
競合他社との差別化により、ユニークな市場ポジションを作り出すことができます。
C1 verb /daɪˈvʌldʒ/

divulge

明らかにする
Meaning
to make known something private, secret, or previously unknown
Example
She refused to divulge the source of her information.
彼女は情報の源を明らかにすることを拒否しました。
C1 adjective /dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd/

disinterested

無関心
Meaning
not influenced by personal interest; impartial or neutral
Example
The judge remained disinterested in the case.
裁判官はその事件に無関心のままでした。
C1 noun /ˈdaʊri/

dowry

持参金
Meaning
Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
Example
The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures.
いくつかの文化では、持参金の伝統が今でも守られています。
C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.dʒəns/

divergence

分岐
Meaning
The process or state of diverging; a difference or deviation between two or more things.
Example
The divergence in their opinions led to a heated debate.
彼らの意見の相違は激しい議論を引き起こしました。
C1 adjective /dɪsˈkwaɪətɪŋ/

disquieting

不安を引き起こす
Meaning
Causing worry, unease, or anxiety.
Example
The news report was deeply disquieting to the public.
そのニュース報告は公衆にとって非常に不安を引き起こすものでした。
C1 noun /ˈdæɡ.ər/

Dagger

短剣
Meaning
a short knife with a pointed blade used as a weapon
Example
The ancient warrior carried a silver dagger.
古代の戦士は銀の短剣を携えていた。
C1 noun /ˈdeɪˌbreɪk/

daybreak

夜明け
Meaning
The time in the morning when daylight first appears; dawn.
Example
They set out on their journey at daybreak.
彼らは夜明けに旅を始めました。
C1 noun /dɪˈsɜːn.mənt/

discernment

洞察力
Meaning
The ability to judge well or understand something correctly; keen insight.
Example
His discernment in business decisions made him successful.
彼のビジネスの決定における洞察力は彼を成功させた。
C1 verb /doʊt/

dote

溺愛する
Meaning
to show excessive love or fondness for someone or something
Example
She tends to dote on her grandchildren.
彼女は孫たちに溺愛する傾向があります。
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɪʃənt/

Deficient

不足している
Meaning
not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient; lacking or inadequate
Example
His diet was deficient in essential vitamins.
彼の食事は必要なビタミンが不足していた。
C1 adjective /ˈdwɪndlɪŋ/

dwindling

減少
Meaning
Gradually reducing in number, size, or strength.
Example
The villagers relied on dwindling water supplies.
村人たちは減少していく水の供給に依存していた。
C1 noun /dɪˈskrep.ən.si/

discrepancy

不一致, 差異, 矛盾
Meaning
A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
Example
The audit revealed a discrepancy between the reported earnings and actual income.
監査は報告された収入と実際の収入との間に不一致があることを明らかにしました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈklærətɪv/

declarative

宣言的
Meaning
relating to a statement that declares something; in grammar, a sentence that makes a statement
Example
A declarative sentence simply states a fact or opinion.
宣言的な文は、単に事実や意見を述べるものです。
C1 verb /dɪˈmoʊt/

demote

降格
Meaning
to reduce to a lower rank or position
Example
The manager decided to demote the employee for poor performance.
マネージャーはパフォーマンスが悪いため、従業員を降格させることに決めました。
C1 verb /dɪsˈɡrʌntl/

disgruntle

不満にさせる
Meaning
to make someone dissatisfied or discontented
Example
The unfair treatment disgruntled the workers.
不公平な扱いが労働者を不満にさせた。
C1 noun /ˌdiː.mɑːˈkeɪ.ʃən/

Demarcation

境界設定
Meaning
the action of fixing the boundary or limits of something; separation or division
Example
The demarcation between public and private land was clearly marked.
公共の土地と私有地の境界設定は明確に示されていた。
C1 verb /dɪˈdjuːs/

deduce

推測する
Meaning
to reach a conclusion by reasoning or inference
Example
From the evidence, the detective deduced that the suspect was lying.
証拠から、探偵は容疑者が嘘をついていることを推測しました。
C1 adjective /ˈdiːviəs/

devious

狡猾な
Meaning
Skillful at using underhanded tactics to achieve goals; not straightforward.
Example
He used a devious plan to gain control of the company.
彼は会社の支配権を握るために、狡猾な計画を使いました。
C1 verb /deɪz/

daze

Meaning
to stun or confuse someone temporarily with a shock or surprise
Example
The bright lights dazed the runners as they entered the stadium.
C1 verb /dɪˈspɛns/

dispense

配布する
Meaning
To distribute or provide something, especially in portions.
Example
The machine dispenses clean drinking water.
その機械は清潔な飲料水を供給します。
C1 adjective /ˈdek.stər.əs/

dexterous

器用
Meaning
Showing or having skill, especially with the hands; mentally adroit and skillful.
Example
A dexterous programmer can write complex codes effortlessly.
器用なプログラマーは複雑なコードを楽々と書けます。
C1 noun /dɪˈprɛsənt/

depressant

抑制剤
Meaning
A drug that reduces functional or nervous activity in the body.
Example
Alcohol acts as a depressant on the central nervous system.
アルコールは中枢神経系に抑制剤として作用します。
C1 adjective /dɪˈbeɪst/

debased

劣化した
Meaning
having lost quality, value, or moral character
Example
The debased currency lost the trust of the people.
劣化した通貨は人々の信頼を失った。
C1 adjective /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪ.ner.i/

Disciplinary

懲戒的
Meaning
relating to discipline; intended to correct behavior
Example
The company took disciplinary action against the employee.
会社は従業員に対して懲戒措置を取りました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

discerning

鋭い
Meaning
having good judgment or insight; able to distinguish well
Example
He is a discerning reader who notices subtle details.
彼は鋭い読者で、微細な詳細に気づきます。
C1 noun /ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtər/

demonstrator

デモンストレーター, 抗議者
Meaning
a person who shows how something works or takes part in a public protest
Example
The demonstrators marched peacefully through the city streets.
デモ参加者は平和的に街の通りを行進しました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈɡreɪdɪd/

degraded

劣化した
Meaning
Reduced in quality, dignity, or condition.
Example
The villagers were forced to live in degraded conditions.
村人たちは劣化した状態で暮らさざるを得なかった。
C1 noun /dɪˈfaɪəns/

defiance

反抗
Meaning
Open resistance or bold disobedience.
Example
The protest was an act of defiance against injustice.
その抗議は不正に対する反抗の行為でした。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

disengage

解放する
Meaning
To release or detach oneself from something; to withdraw.
Example
He tried to disengage from the heated argument.
彼は熱い議論から解放しようとした。
C1 noun /drɑːft/ (UK), /dræft/ (US)

draught

Meaning
a current of cool air in a room or another confined space; also a portion of liquid, especially beer, served from a barrel or cask
Example
She closed the window to keep out the cold draught.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

disjointed

ばらばら
Meaning
Lacking order, coherence, or connection; disconnected.
Example
The movie felt disjointed and hard to follow.
映画はばらばらに感じ、追いかけるのが難しかった。
C1 verb /dɪˈtɛst/

detest

嫌う
Meaning
To dislike intensely or hate.
Example
I detest waking up early on weekends.
私は週末に早起きするのが嫌いです。
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪkəbl/

despicable

卑劣な
Meaning
Deserving hatred and contempt; vile or shameful.
Example
His despicable actions shocked the entire community.
彼の卑劣な行動はコミュニティ全体を驚かせました。
C1 verb /dɪˈsweɪd/

dissuade

思いとどまらせる
Meaning
To persuade someone not to do something.
Example
She tried to dissuade him from quitting his job.
彼女は彼に仕事を辞めさせないように説得しようとした。
C1 verb /dɪsˈfɪɡjər/

disfigure

変形させる
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance of something
Example
The fire disfigured the old building.
火事は古い建物を変形させた。
C1 adjective /dɪˈlɪriəs/

delirious

デリリアス
Meaning
in an extremely disturbed or excited state of mind, often due to illness or emotion
Example
He was delirious with fever and kept muttering nonsense.
彼は熱でデリリアスで、無意味なことを呟いていた。
C1 noun /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/

denomination

宗派, 価値
Meaning
a recognized autonomous branch of the Christian Church; a unit of value or currency
Example
The church belongs to a Protestant denomination.
その教会はプロテスタントの宗派に属しています。
C1 verb /daɪˈɡrɛs/

digress

Meaning
To leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
Example
The professor began to digress from the main topic of the lecture.
C1 noun /ˈderˌdevəl/

daredevil

危険を冒す人
Meaning
A person who enjoys doing dangerous or risky things.
Example
The stunt was performed by a famous daredevil.
そのスタントは有名なデアデビルによって行われました。
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

変色
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
太陽光線は布地の変色を引き起こします。
C1 noun /dɪˈkɔː.rəm/

Decorum

礼儀; 品位; 威厳
Meaning
behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety; dignified and appropriate conduct
Example
The diplomat maintained perfect decorum throughout the heated negotiations.
その外交官は熱心な交渉の中で完璧な礼儀を保っていました。
C1 noun /deɪˈtɒnt/

detente

緊張関係の緩和
Meaning
the easing of strained relations, especially between countries
Example
The treaty helped bring about a détente between the two nations.
その条約は、二国間の緊張関係を緩和するのに役立ちました。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑːrk/

disembark

降りる
Meaning
To leave a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle.
Example
The passengers disembarked from the plane after landing.
乗客は着陸後、飛行機から降りました。
C1 noun /ˈdɪŋɡi/

dinghy

ディンギーボート
Meaning
a small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel, used for short trips or as a lifeboat
Example
They rowed the dinghy back to the yacht.
彼らはヨットに戻るためにディンギーを漕いだ。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl/

disassemble

分解する
Meaning
To take apart something into its separate pieces.
Example
He had to disassemble the computer to repair it.
彼は修理のためにコンピュータを分解しなければならなかった。
C1 verb /dɛlv/

delve

Meaning
To investigate deeply; to dig into a subject or area.
Example
The researcher delved into ancient manuscripts to find clues.
C1 adjective /dɪˈreɪndʒd/

deranged

狂気
Meaning
mentally disturbed or insane; behaving irrationally
Example
The deranged man shouted nonsense in the street.
狂った男が街で無意味なことを叫んでいた。
C1 noun /ˌdiːpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

deportation

Meaning
The act of expelling a foreigner from a country.
Example
The deportation of hundreds of workers sparked international criticism.
C1 verb /dɪsˈhɑːrtn/

dishearten

落胆させる
Meaning
to cause someone to lose determination or confidence; to discourage
Example
The constant rejection letters began to dishearten the young writer.
継続的な拒否の手紙が若い作家を落胆させ始めた。
C1 noun dɪˈdʒɛnəˌreɪtɪv dɪˈzizɪz

degenerative diseases

変性疾患
Meaning
Medical conditions that involve the deterioration or progressive decline of tissues, organs, or functions
Example
Degenerative diseases are common in an aging population.
変性疾患は高齢化した人口に一般的です。
C1 noun /ˈdɪɡnɪˌtɛri/

dignitary

重要人物
Meaning
a person considered to be important because of high rank or office
Example
Several foreign dignitaries attended the state banquet.
数人の外国の重要人物が国の晩餐会に出席しました。
C1 noun dəˌmɛstɪˈkeɪʃən

domestication

家畜化
Meaning
The process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or for farm produce.
Example
Domestication of animals has been crucial for human survival.
動物の家畜化は人間の生存にとって重要だった。
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

dissolution

解散
Meaning
the act of formally ending or breaking apart something, such as an organization or marriage
Example
The dissolution of the company was announced yesterday.
会社の解散は昨日発表されました。
C1 noun /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːvər/

disbeliever

不信者
Meaning
a person who does not believe in something, especially a religion or idea
Example
He was called a disbeliever for rejecting the traditional faith.
彼は伝統的な信仰を拒否したため、不信者と呼ばれました。
C1 noun /djʊˈrɛs/

duress

強制
Meaning
threats, violence, or pressure used to force someone to do something
Example
She signed the contract under duress.
彼女は強制的に契約書に署名した。
C1 noun dɪˈpliː.ʃən

depletion

枯渇
Meaning
The gradual reduction or exhaustion of a resource or substance.
Example
Overuse of groundwater leads to depletion of water resources.
地下水の過剰使用は水資源の枯渇を引き起こす。
C1 verb diːˈsɛn.sɪ.taɪz

desensitize

脱感作
Meaning
To make someone less sensitive or reactive to something through repeated exposure.
Example
Constant exposure to violence can desensitize people.
継続的な暴力の露出は人々を鈍感にする可能性があります。
C1 noun /dɪˈspɜːrʒən/

dispersion

分散
Meaning
The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
Example
The dispersion of seeds by the wind helps plants reproduce.
風による種子の散布は、植物の繁殖を助けます。
C1 adjective /dɪˈpreɪvd/

depraved

堕落した
Meaning
morally corrupt or wicked
Example
The film depicts the life of a depraved criminal.
その映画は堕落した犯罪者の人生を描いています。
C1 adjective /drəˈkoʊniən/

draconian

ドラコニアン
Meaning
Extremely harsh and severe, especially laws or rules.
Example
The new regulations were criticized as draconian.
新しい規制はドラコニアンだと批判されました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈfʌŋkt/

defunct

営業停止、廃止
Meaning
No longer existing, operating, or functioning.
Example
The company became defunct after the financial crisis.
その会社は金融危機の後で廃業しました。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsˈmaʊnt/

dismount

降りる
Meaning
to get off or down from something, especially a horse, bicycle, or motorcycle
Example
The rider dismounted from the horse after a long journey.
長い旅の後、ライダーは馬から降りた。
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛləˌreɪt/

decelerate

減速する
Meaning
to reduce speed; to slow down
Example
The car began to decelerate as it approached the traffic light.
車は信号に近づくと減速し始めました。
C1 noun ˈdɪl.ɪ.dʒəns

diligence

勤勉
Meaning
Careful and persistent work or effort.
Example
Success requires patience and diligence.
成功には忍耐と勤勉が必要です。