disbeliever
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C1 noun /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːvər/

disbeliever

不信者
Meaning
a person who does not believe in something, especially a religion or idea
Example
He was called a disbeliever for rejecting the traditional faith.
彼は伝統的な信仰を拒否したため、不信者と呼ばれました。
C1 noun /ˈdɛsɪˌbɛl/

decibel

デシベル
Meaning
a unit used to measure the intensity of sound
Example
The noise level in the factory exceeded 90 decibels.
工場の騒音レベルは90デシベルを超えました。
C1 noun /ˈdaʊri/

dowry

持参金
Meaning
Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
Example
The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures.
いくつかの文化では、持参金の伝統が今でも守られています。
C1 noun dɪˈtætʃ.mənt

detachment

切り離し
Meaning
The state of being objective or aloof; not being emotionally involved.
Example
Buddhist philosophy encourages detachment from material desires.
仏教哲学は物質的欲望からの分離を奨励します。
C1 noun ˌdiː.sen.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

decentralization

分権
Meaning
The transfer of authority from central to local government.
Example
Decentralization promotes regional autonomy.
分権は地域の自立を促進します。
C1 verb /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/

dissatisfy

不満にさせる
Meaning
to fail to please or meet expectations; to make someone unhappy
Example
The poor service dissatisfies many customers.
悪いサービスは多くの顧客を不満にさせます。
C1 adjective /ˈdɑːsəl/ or /ˈdəʊsaɪl/

docile

従順な
Meaning
easily managed, taught, or controlled; submissive
Example
The docile puppy quickly learned new tricks.
従順な子犬はすぐに新しい技を覚えました。
C1 adjective dɪˈskrɪmɪnətɔːri

discriminatory

差別的
Meaning
Making or showing an unfair or prejudicial distinction between different categories of people or things.
Example
Discriminatory policies triggered protests.
差別的な政策は抗議を引き起こしました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪkəbl/

despicable

卑劣な
Meaning
Deserving hatred and contempt; vile or shameful.
Example
His despicable actions shocked the entire community.
彼の卑劣な行動はコミュニティ全体を驚かせました。
C1 verb /dɪˈpoʊz/

depose

Meaning
to remove someone from office or power, especially suddenly and forcefully
Example
The rebels managed to depose the dictator after years of unrest.
C1 verb /ˌdiː.kəmˈprɛs/

decompress

リラックスする
Meaning
To relax and recover from stress or pressure.
Example
Taking deep breaths helps to decompress after a stressful day.
深呼吸は、ストレスの多い一日後にリラックスするのに役立ちます。
C1 adjective /dɪˈfaɪənt/

Defiant

反抗的な; 逆らう
Meaning
boldly resistant or challenging; disobedient
Example
The defiant student refused to follow the rules.
その反抗的な学生はルールに従うことを拒否しました。
C1 adjective /ˈdɒɡɪd/

dogged

執拗
Meaning
showing stubborn determination and persistence
Example
She succeeded through dogged determination.
彼女は執拗な決意で成功を収めました。
C1 verb /dɪsˈɡrʌntl/

disgruntle

不満にさせる
Meaning
to make someone dissatisfied or discontented
Example
The unfair treatment disgruntled the workers.
不公平な扱いが労働者を不満にさせた。
C1 noun /ˈduːmz.deɪ/

Doomsday

世界の終わり; 最後の審判の日
Meaning
the last day of the world's existence; a time of catastrophic destruction
Example
The preacher spoke about doomsday and the importance of preparing spiritually.
伝道師は世界の終わりと霊的な準備の重要性について話しました。
C1 adjective /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

disjointed

ばらばら
Meaning
Lacking order, coherence, or connection; disconnected.
Example
The movie felt disjointed and hard to follow.
映画はばらばらに感じ、追いかけるのが難しかった。
C1 verb /dɪsˈoʊn/

disown

拒絶する
Meaning
to refuse to acknowledge or accept responsibility for someone or something
Example
He decided to disown his reckless brother.
彼は無謀な兄を拒絶する決断をしました。
C1 verb /ˈdæb.əl/

dabble

軽く取り組む
Meaning
To take part in an activity in a casual or superficial way.
Example
He dabbled in painting during his college days.
彼は大学時代に絵を描くことを楽しんでいた。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ/

disallow

許可しない
Meaning
to refuse to allow or accept something
Example
The referee disallowed the goal for offside.
審判はオフサイドのためゴールを認めませんでした。
C1 adjective /dɪˈskrɪmɪˌneɪtɪŋ/

discriminating

選り好みする
Meaning
Having refined taste or good judgment; able to recognize subtle differences.
Example
She is known for her discriminating taste in art.
彼女は芸術における選り好みの味で知られています。
C1 noun /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃən/

domination

支配
Meaning
the exercise of control or influence over someone or something
Example
The empire sought domination over its neighbors.
帝国は隣国に対する支配を求めていた。
C1 noun /dɪˈstɔːrʃən/

distortion

歪曲、誤った提示
Meaning
the action of twisting, changing, or misrepresenting the shape, sound, or truth of something
Example
There was a distortion in the radio signal.
ラジオ信号に歪曲がありました。
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛkt/

dissect

Meaning
to cut apart an animal, plant, or other organism to study its internal parts; to analyze something in detail
Example
In biology class, students had to dissect a frog to learn about its anatomy.
C1 verb /dɪˈkraɪ/

decry

非難する
Meaning
to publicly criticize or express strong disapproval of something
Example
Many activists decry the destruction of the rainforest.
多くの活動家が熱帯雨林の破壊を非難しています。
C1 noun /ˈdɛspətɪzəm/

despotism

専制政治
Meaning
absolute power exercised in a cruel and oppressive way
Example
The people revolted against the era of despotism.
人々は専制政治の時代に反乱を起こしました。
C1 verb /dɪˈspɜːrs/

disperse

解散する
Meaning
To scatter or spread widely in different directions.
Example
The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.
警察は群衆を解散させるために催涙ガスを使用しました。
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒən.mənt/

disillusionment

幻滅
Meaning
A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.
Example
Many people experience disillusionment after unrealistic expectations.
多くの人々が非現実的な期待の後に幻滅を経験します。
C1 adjective /dɪˈvɔɪd/

devoid

空虚
Meaning
Completely lacking or without something.
Example
His speech was devoid of any real emotion.
彼のスピーチは実際の感情が空虚だった。
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

変色
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
太陽光線は布地の変色を引き起こします。
C1 verb /daɪˈvɜːrdʒ/

diverge

分岐する
Meaning
to separate and go in different directions; to differ
Example
The two paths diverge at the fork in the road.
二つの道は交差点で分かれる。
C1 verb /doʊt/

dote

溺愛する
Meaning
to show excessive love or fondness for someone or something
Example
She tends to dote on her grandchildren.
彼女は孫たちに溺愛する傾向があります。
C1 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/

Delicacy

繊細さ; 高級な料理;
Meaning
fineness of texture or structure; a choice or expensive food; sensitivity in handling
Example
The chef prepared a local delicacy that was famous throughout the region.
シェフは地域全体で有名な地元のデリカシーを準備しました。
C1 verb /ˈdɪsləkeɪt/

dislocate

脱臼する
Meaning
To disturb the normal position of something, especially a joint in the body.
Example
He dislocated his shoulder while playing football.
彼はサッカーをしているときに肩を脱臼しました。
C1 noun dəˌmɛstɪˈkeɪʃən

domestication

家畜化
Meaning
The process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or for farm produce.
Example
Domestication of animals has been crucial for human survival.
動物の家畜化は人間の生存にとって重要だった。
C1 noun /ˈdʊr.i.ən/

Durian

ドリアン
Meaning
a large spiky tropical fruit known for its strong smell and creamy custard-like flesh
Example
Durian is known as the king of fruits in Southeast Asia despite its pungent odor.
ドリアンは強い匂いにもかかわらず、東南アジアで果物の王として知られている。
C1 noun /dɪˈfɛkʃən/

defection

脱党
Meaning
The act of abandoning one’s country, cause, or group in favor of another.
Example
The politician’s defection shocked his supporters.
その政治家の脱党は支持者を驚かせました。
C1 noun ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən

degradation

劣化
Meaning
The condition or process of degrading or being degraded.
Example
Soil degradation due to overuse is a growing issue.
過剰な使用による土壌の劣化は、増大する問題です。
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛm.ɪ.neɪt/

disseminate

普及する
Meaning
To spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people.
Example
Social media helps to disseminate information quickly.
ソーシャルメディアは情報を迅速に普及するのに役立ちます。
C1 noun /dɪˈspɜːrʒən/

dispersion

分散
Meaning
The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
Example
The dispersion of seeds by the wind helps plants reproduce.
風による種子の散布は、植物の繁殖を助けます。
C1 adjective /daɪər/

Dire

深刻な; 緊急の; 恐ろしい
Meaning
extremely serious; urgent; terrible
Example
The country is facing a dire economic crisis.
その国は深刻な経済危機に直面している。
C1 verb /dɪˈfaɪl/

defile

汚す
Meaning
to pollute, corrupt, or make dirty
Example
The river was defiled by industrial waste.
川は工業廃水によって汚された。
C1 adjective /dɪˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ/

debilitating

衰弱させる
Meaning
Making someone or something weak and infirm.
Example
The disease had a debilitating effect on his health.
その病気は彼の健康に衰弱をもたらした。
C1 noun /doʊ/

doe

雌鹿
Meaning
a female deer, especially an adult one
Example
The doe and her fawn were grazing in the meadow.
雌鹿とその子鹿は草原で草を食べていました。
C1 noun /ˌdiː.kɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

decomposition

分解
Meaning
the process of decaying or breaking down into simpler parts
Example
The decomposition of leaves enriches the soil.
葉の分解は土壌を豊かにします。
C1 noun ˌdɪm.ɪˈnjuː.ʃən

diminution

減少
Meaning
A reduction in the size, extent, or importance of something; decrease.
Example
There has been a diminution in air pollution.
大気汚染の減少がありました。
C1 adjective /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃəl/

differential

差別的
Meaning
Relating to or showing a difference; involving a distinction.
Example
There is a differential treatment between the two groups.
2つのグループ間に差別的な扱いがあります。
C1 noun /ˈdiːviəns/

deviance

逸脱
Meaning
Behavior that differs from accepted social or moral standards.
Example
The book studies deviance in urban youth culture.
その本は都市の若者文化における逸脱を研究しています。
C1 verb /ˈdɛnɪˌɡreɪt/

denigrate

貶める
Meaning
to criticize unfairly; to belittle or disparage someone or something
Example
He was quick to denigrate the achievements of his colleagues.
彼は同僚の業績をすぐに貶めました。
C1 noun /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/

Disciple

弟子; 信者
Meaning
a follower and student of a teacher, leader, or philosopher; devoted follower
Example
The famous philosopher had many disciples who spread his teachings worldwide.
その有名な哲学者には多くの弟子がいて、彼の教えを世界中に広めました。
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

dissolution

解散
Meaning
the act of formally ending or breaking apart something, such as an organization or marriage
Example
The dissolution of the company was announced yesterday.
会社の解散は昨日発表されました。
C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/

deity

神
Meaning
a god or goddess
Example
The temple is dedicated to a Hindu deity.
その寺院はヒンドゥー教の神に捧げられています。
C1 verb /dɪˈplɔːr/

deplore

非難する
Meaning
to feel or express strong disapproval of something; to regret deeply
Example
Many people deplore the violence shown on television.
多くの人々はテレビで示された暴力を非難しています。
C1 noun /ˈderˌdevəl/

daredevil

危険を冒す人
Meaning
A person who enjoys doing dangerous or risky things.
Example
The stunt was performed by a famous daredevil.
そのスタントは有名なデアデビルによって行われました。
C1 noun /ˌdiːˈmer.ɪt/

Demerit

欠点; 不利; 過ちや違反に対して与えられるマーク
Meaning
a fault or disadvantage; a mark given for a fault or offense
Example
The student received a demerit for arriving late to class repeatedly.
その生徒は繰り返し遅刻したため、デメリットを受けました。
C1 adjective /dɪsˈsɪmɪlər/

dissimilar

異なる
Meaning
Not alike; different.
Example
Though they are twins, their personalities are dissimilar.
彼らは双子だが、性格は異なる。
C1 verb /dɪsˈbænd/

disband

解散する
Meaning
to break up and stop functioning as a group or organization
Example
The club decided to disband after twenty years of activity.
クラブは20年の活動後に解散することを決定した。
C1 adjective /ˈdɪn.dʒi/

Dingy

汚れていて暗い; 色が鈍い
Meaning
dark and dirty; gloomy; dull in color
Example
The old building had dingy walls that needed painting.
古い建物は、塗装が必要な汚れた壁を持っていた。
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɪd.ju.əs/

deciduous

落葉樹
Meaning
Referring to trees that shed their leaves seasonally, typically in autumn.
Example
Oak and maple trees are deciduous, shedding leaves in autumn.
オークとカエデの木は落葉樹で、秋に葉を落とします。
C1 noun, verb /dɪsˈɑːnər/

dishonor

Meaning
a state of shame or loss of respect; to bring shame upon someone or something
Example
The soldier felt he had brought dishonor to his family.
C1 verb /dɪˈfɔːrm/

deform

変形する
Meaning
to change the shape or form of something, especially in a way that makes it ugly or damaged; to distort
Example
The intense heat began to deform the plastic container.
高温がプラスチック容器を変形させ始めた。
C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪm/

defame

名誉毀損
Meaning
to harm someone's reputation by spreading false information
Example
He was defamed by malicious rumors.
彼は悪意のある噂で中傷されました。
C1 noun /ˈdjuːplɛks/

duplex

デュプレックスハウス
Meaning
A house or apartment divided into two separate residences.
Example
They live in a duplex near the city center.
彼らは市の中心近くのデュプレックスに住んでいます。
C1 noun /dɪˈskrep.ən.si/

discrepancy

不一致, 差異, 矛盾
Meaning
A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.
Example
The audit revealed a discrepancy between the reported earnings and actual income.
監査は報告された収入と実際の収入との間に不一致があることを明らかにしました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈplɔːrəbl/

deplorable

ひどい
Meaning
deserving strong condemnation; shockingly bad in quality
Example
The refugees were living in deplorable conditions.
難民はひどい状況で生活していた。
C1 adjective /dɪˈʃɛvəld/

disheveled

乱れた
Meaning
Untidy, messy, or in disorder, especially of hair or clothing.
Example
He arrived with disheveled hair and wrinkled clothes.
彼は乱れた髪とシワの寄った服で到着しました。
C1 verb /daɪˈvʌldʒ/

divulge

明らかにする
Meaning
to make known something private, secret, or previously unknown
Example
She refused to divulge the source of her information.
彼女は情報の源を明らかにすることを拒否しました。
C1 verb /dɪˈpɔːrt/

deport

国外追放
Meaning
To expel a foreigner from a country, usually for legal or political reasons.
Example
The government decided to deport the illegal immigrants.
政府は不法移民をデポートすることを決定した。
C1 verb /dɪˈsweɪd/

dissuade

思いとどまらせる
Meaning
To persuade someone not to do something.
Example
She tried to dissuade him from quitting his job.
彼女は彼に仕事を辞めさせないように説得しようとした。
C1 adjective deft

deft

器用
Meaning
Neatly skillful and quick in one's movements; dexterous and adroit.
Example
The artist's deft hands created a masterpiece.
アーティストの器用な手は傑作を作り出しました。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl/

disassemble

分解する
Meaning
To take apart something into its separate pieces.
Example
He had to disassemble the computer to repair it.
彼は修理のためにコンピュータを分解しなければならなかった。
C1 noun /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən/

differentiation

差別化, 分化
Meaning
The action or process of differentiating or distinguishing between things.
Example
Differentiation from competitors can create a unique market position.
競合他社との差別化により、ユニークな市場ポジションを作り出すことができます。
C1 verb /ˈdræm.ə.taɪz/

dramatize

ドラマ化する
Meaning
to present a story in a dramatic way, or to exaggerate something
Example
The novel was dramatized into a popular TV series.
その小説は人気のテレビシリーズにドラマタイズされました。
C1 verb /dɪsˈmæntəl/

dismantle

解体する
Meaning
to take apart; to remove or destroy the parts of
Example
Workers will dismantle the old bridge next month.
作業員たちは来月古い橋を解体します。
C1 verb /diːˈkoʊd/

decode

Meaning
to convert a coded message into a readable form; to interpret meaning
Example
The software can decode the hidden message within seconds.
C1 verb /dɪˈmiːn/

demean

侮辱する
Meaning
to cause someone to lose dignity or respect
Example
The manager demeaned his employees with rude remarks.
マネージャーは粗野なコメントで社員を侮辱しました。
C1 noun /dɪˈvɪnɪti/

divinity

神性
Meaning
The quality or state of being divine; a deity.
Example
The priest spoke about the divinity of the soul.
神父は魂の神性について話しました。
C1 verb ˈdiː.vi.eɪt

deviate

逸脱する
Meaning
To depart from an established course or normal pattern.
Example
He tends to deviate from the original plan.
彼は元の計画から外れる傾向がある。
C1 noun /ˈdɪɡnɪˌtɛri/

dignitary

重要人物
Meaning
a person considered to be important because of high rank or office
Example
Several foreign dignitaries attended the state banquet.
数人の外国の重要人物が国の晩餐会に出席しました。
C1 noun /dɪˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃənz/

deliberations

審議
Meaning
Careful consideration and discussion before making decisions.
Example
Deliberations on sustainability continued for hours.
持続可能性についての審議は何時間も続きました。
C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

ファイル
Meaning
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
Example
The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.
弁護士は証拠のドシエを裁判所に提出しました。
C1 verb dɪˈsɜːn

discern

識別する
Meaning
To perceive or recognize something; to distinguish with difficulty by sight or with the other senses.
Example
He could barely discern the distant figure in the fog.
彼は霧の中で遠くの姿をほとんど識別できなかった。
C1 adjective /ˈdaɪ.si/

dicey

危険な
Meaning
Risky or unpredictable; potentially dangerous.
Example
Investing in that company looks pretty dicey right now.
その会社への投資は今、かなり危険なように見える。
C1 verb /ˈduːdəl/

doodle

Meaning
To draw or scribble absentmindedly, often while thinking about something else.
Example
She doodled flowers in the corner of her notebook during class.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪktəˈtɔːriəl/

dictatorial

独裁的
Meaning
Having or showing a tendency to tell people what to do in an autocratic way.
Example
His dictatorial style made him unpopular among colleagues.
彼の独裁的なスタイルは、同僚たちの間で不人気だった。
C1 noun /ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən/

demolition

解体
Meaning
the act or process of destroying a building or structure
Example
The demolition of the old factory took several weeks.
古い工場の解体には数週間かかりました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈsperɪŋ/

Despairing

絶望的な
Meaning
feeling hopeless; in despair
Example
She felt despairing after losing her job.
彼女は仕事を失った後、絶望的な気持ちだった。
C1 noun /drɑːft/ (UK), /dræft/ (US)

draught

Meaning
a current of cool air in a room or another confined space; also a portion of liquid, especially beer, served from a barrel or cask
Example
She closed the window to keep out the cold draught.
C1 verb /ˈdɛprɪˌkeɪt/

deprecate

非難する
Meaning
to express disapproval of something
Example
The teacher deprecated the use of slang in academic essays.
教師は学術論文でのスラングの使用を非難しました。
C1 noun /daɪˈsɛkʃən/

dissection

解剖
Meaning
the act of cutting apart or analyzing something in detail, especially a body or structure
Example
The dissection of the specimen revealed important details about its structure.
標本の解剖はその構造に関する重要な詳細を明らかにした。
C1 adjective /ˈdek.stər.əs/

dexterous

器用
Meaning
Showing or having skill, especially with the hands; mentally adroit and skillful.
Example
A dexterous programmer can write complex codes effortlessly.
器用なプログラマーは複雑なコードを楽々と書けます。
C1 verb diːˈsɛn.sɪ.taɪz

desensitize

脱感作
Meaning
To make someone less sensitive or reactive to something through repeated exposure.
Example
Constant exposure to violence can desensitize people.
継続的な暴力の露出は人々を鈍感にする可能性があります。
C1 noun dɪˈpliː.ʃən

depletion

枯渇
Meaning
The gradual reduction or exhaustion of a resource or substance.
Example
Overuse of groundwater leads to depletion of water resources.
地下水の過剰使用は水資源の枯渇を引き起こす。
C1 noun /ˈdeɪtəm/ or /ˈdætəm/

datum

データ
Meaning
a single piece of information; a fact used as a basis for reasoning or calculation
Example
Each datum in the survey was carefully analyzed.
調査の各データは慎重に分析されました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɜːrst/

dispersed

散らばった
Meaning
Scattered or spread across a wide area.
Example
The dispersed population made it difficult to provide public services.
散らばった人口は公共サービスの提供を困難にしました。
C1 noun /ˈdæn.drʌf/

Dandruff

フケ
Meaning
small white or grey flakes of dead skin that form on the scalp and fall from the hair
Example
He used a special shampoo to treat his persistent dandruff problem.
彼は慢性的なフケの問題を治すために、特別なシャンプーを使った。
C1 noun /dɪˈfaɪəns/

defiance

反抗
Meaning
Open resistance or bold disobedience.
Example
The protest was an act of defiance against injustice.
その抗議は不正に対する反抗の行為でした。
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒi/

dermatology

皮膚科学
Meaning
The branch of medicine concerned with the skin and its diseases.
Example
He studied dermatology at medical school.
彼は医学部で皮膚科学を学んだ。
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.əˈreɪ/

disarray

混乱
Meaning
A state of disorganization or untidiness; confusion or disorder.
Example
His desk was in complete disarray.
彼の机は完全に混乱していました。
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːbiəs/

dubious

疑わしい
Meaning
Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.
Example
She gave him a dubious look after hearing his excuse.
彼女は彼の言い訳を聞いた後、疑わしい目で彼を見ました。
C1 verb /ˈdiːmɑːrˌkeɪt/

demarcate

境界を定める
Meaning
to set the boundaries or limits of something
Example
The land was demarcated with fences to avoid disputes.
土地はフェンスで境界が定められて、争いを避けました。
C1 noun /ˈdɪm.pəl/

Dimple

えくぼ
Meaning
a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms when smiling
Example
Her charming dimples appeared whenever she smiled at the children.
彼女の魅力的なえくぼは、子供たちに微笑むたびに現れました。
C1 noun ˌdiːˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən

deregulation

規制緩和
Meaning
The removal or reduction of government regulations in an economic sector.
Example
Deregulation has increased competition in the telecommunications sector.
規制緩和は通信業界で競争を促進しました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɒnstrəbl/

demonstrable

証明可能
Meaning
clearly able to be shown or proven
Example
There was demonstrable evidence that he was innocent.
彼が無罪であることを示す証明可能な証拠がありました。
C1 noun /ˈdɪŋɡi/

dinghy

ディンギーボート
Meaning
a small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel, used for short trips or as a lifeboat
Example
They rowed the dinghy back to the yacht.
彼らはヨットに戻るためにディンギーを漕いだ。
C1 noun /dɪsˈɒn.ər/

Dishonour

不名誉
Meaning
a state of shame or disgrace; lack of honor or integrity; failure to fulfill obligations
Example
Breaking his promise brought dishonour to his name and family legacy.
約束を破ったことが彼の名前と家族の遺産に不名誉をもたらした。
C1 noun ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk trænˈzɪʃən

demographic transition

人口転換
Meaning
A shift in population patterns from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically
Example
The demographic transition indicates a shift towards an aging society.
人口転換は高齢化社会への移行を示しています。
C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡl/

disentangle

ほどく
Meaning
To free something or someone from a tangle or complication.
Example
She tried to disentangle her hair from the branches.
彼女は枝から髪の毛をほどこうとしました。
C1 noun /dɪˈvaɪzər/

divisor

除数
Meaning
A number by which another number is divided.
Example
In the equation 12 ÷ 3, the number 3 is the divisor.
方程式12 ÷ 3では、数字3が除数です。
C1 noun /djuːˈɛt/

duet

デュエット
Meaning
a musical performance by two singers or instrumentalists
Example
They sang a beautiful duet together on stage.
彼らはステージで一緒に美しいデュエットを歌った。
C1 noun /ˈdek.ə.dəns/

decadence

堕落
Meaning
Moral or cultural decline characterized by excessive indulgence in pleasure or luxury.
Example
The novel describes the decadence of the wealthy elite.
その小説は裕福なエリートの堕落を描いています。
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɛnsəbəl/

defensible

守ることができる / 正当化できる
Meaning
Capable of being protected against attack or criticism; justifiable.
Example
Her decision was legally defensible.
彼女の決定は法的に守ることができた。
C1 verb /ˈdɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

dissipate

徐々に消失する
Meaning
To disappear or cause to disappear gradually.
Example
The tension in the room slowly dissipated.
部屋の中の緊張感は徐々に消えていった。
C1 noun dɪˈsʌɪsɪvnɪs

decisiveness

決断力
Meaning
The ability to make decisions quickly and effectively.
Example
His decisiveness during the crisis saved the company.
危機の際、彼の決断力が会社を救った。
C1 noun ˌdɪdʒɪˈnɛəreɪʃən

degeneration

退化
Meaning
The process of decline or deterioration in structure or function.
Example
The degeneration of brain cells leads to cognitive decline.
脳細胞の退化は認知機能の低下を引き起こします。
C1 noun dɪˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃən

deliberation

熟考
Meaning
Long and careful consideration or discussion.
Example
The agreement was finalized after much deliberation.
その合意は多くの熟考の末に最終決定されました。
C1 noun ˈdɛtrɪ.mənt

detriment

損害、害、障害
Meaning
Harm, damage, impairment.
Example
Smoking is a detriment to health.
喫煙は健康に対するデトリメントです。
C1 verb /ˈdæmpən/

dampen

湿らせる, 和らげる
Meaning
to make something slightly wet; to make something less strong, active, or intense
Example
The rain dampened the excitement of the outdoor concert.
雨が屋外コンサートの興奮を和らげました。
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ

decipher

解読する, 暗号を解く, 翻訳する
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
古代の文字を解読するのに何時間もかかりました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

diminutive

非常に小さい
Meaning
extremely or unusually small
Example
Despite his diminutive size, he was a powerful leader.
その非常に小さい体格にもかかわらず、彼は強力なリーダーだった。
C1 adjective /ˈdɔːr.mənt/

Dormant

非アクティブ; 眠っている; 一時的に保留された; 現在アクティブではない
Meaning
inactive; sleeping; temporarily suspended; not currently active
Example
The volcano has been dormant for over a century.
火山は1世紀以上の間休眠状態です。
C1 adjective /dɪsˈrɛpjətəbl̩/

disreputable

不名誉な
Meaning
having a bad reputation; not considered respectable or trustworthy
Example
The journalist avoided staying in the disreputable part of town.
ジャーナリストは町の不名誉な地区に泊まるのを避けました。