dinghy
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C1 noun /ˈdɪŋɡi/

dinghy

ディンギーボート
Meaning
a small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel, used for short trips or as a lifeboat
Example
They rowed the dinghy back to the yacht.
彼らはヨットに戻るためにディンギーを漕いだ。
C1 adjective ɪˈθɪə.ri.əl

ethereal

天上的, 精緻な, 超自然的
Meaning
Extremely delicate and light in a way that seems too perfect for this world.
Example
Her voice had an ethereal quality.
彼女の声にはエセリアルな質感がありました。
C1 adjective /priˈɛmptɪv/

preemptive

予防的
Meaning
Serving or intended to prevent something by taking action first.
Example
The government took preemptive measures to control inflation.
政府はインフレを抑制するために予防的措置を講じました。
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

危険な
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
彼の財政状況は危険な状態です。
C1 noun /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

intimidation

威圧
Meaning
The action of frightening or threatening someone to make them do something.
Example
The workers reported cases of intimidation by the management.
労働者たちは経営陣による威圧の事例を報告しました。
C1 noun /bɒɡ/

bog

沼地
Meaning
an area of wet, spongy ground; a swamp or marsh
Example
The hikers got stuck in a bog.
ハイカーたちは沼地に足を取られました。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/

substantive

重要
Meaning
Having a firm basis in reality; important, meaningful, or considerable.
Example
The company made substantive changes to its policy.
会社はその方針に重要な変更を加えました。
C1 noun /ˈdʒækˌfruːt/

Jackfruit

ジャックフルーツ
Meaning
a large tropical fruit with a spiky exterior and sweet flesh inside
Example
The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit in the world.
ジャックフルーツは世界で一番大きな木の果物です。
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

合計, 要約
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
弁護士は事件の強力な要約を行った。
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪni/

spiny

とげのある
Meaning
covered with or full of spines; having sharp points
Example
The spiny cactus stood tall in the desert.
とげのあるサボテンが砂漠の中で高く立っていました。
C1 adjective /ˈfruː.ɡəl/

Frugal

節約的; 倹約的
Meaning
economical; thrifty;
Example
She is very frugal and saves money by buying only necessary items.
彼女はとても倹約的で、必要な物だけを買ってお金を節約しています。
C1 noun /ˈbraɪ.dəl/

Bridle

手綱; 騎馬用具
Meaning
the headgear used to control a horse, consisting of buckled straps and a bit
Example
The rider adjusted the horse's bridle before mounting for the race.
騎手はレースの前に馬の手綱を調整した。
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

昼夜平衡
Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
春分は長い日が始まることを示します。
C1 noun /ˈhaɪndsaɪt/

hindsight

後知恵
Meaning
Understanding of a situation only after it has happened.
Example
With the benefit of hindsight, we realized the decision was a mistake.
後知恵で、私たちはその決断が間違いだったことに気づきました。
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɜːrloʊ/

furlough

一時休職
Meaning
temporary leave of absence from work, especially that granted to an employee or soldier
Example
Many workers were placed on furlough during the crisis.
多くの労働者は危機の間に休職させられました。
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

良心的
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
良心的な労働者は常に高品質な結果を提供します。
C1 verb /ˈdɪsləkeɪt/

dislocate

脱臼する
Meaning
To disturb the normal position of something, especially a joint in the body.
Example
He dislocated his shoulder while playing football.
彼はサッカーをしているときに肩を脱臼しました。
C1 verb /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/

civilize

文明化する
Meaning
to bring a society or group to a more developed, organized, or socially acceptable state; to educate and refine behavior
Example
Education can help civilize communities by promoting shared values and respect.
教育は共有された価値観と尊重を促進することで、地域社会を文明化する助けになります。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪv/

impassive

無表情
Meaning
Not showing or feeling emotion; expressionless.
Example
Despite the shocking news, she remained impassive.
衝撃的なニュースにもかかわらず、彼女は無表情のままでした。
C1 adjective /ˈwɪm.zɪ.kəl/

Whimsical

風変わりな; 奇妙な
Meaning
playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way
Example
The artist created whimsical sculptures that delighted children.
アーティストは子供たちを喜ばせる奇抜な彫刻を作りました。
C1 adjective /təˈrɛstriəl/

terrestrial

陸生
Meaning
Relating to the Earth or land as opposed to the sea or air; living or growing on land.
Example
Humans are terrestrial beings who live on land.
人間は陸上で生きる陸生の生物です。
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃərəs/

torturous

痛ましい
Meaning
Extremely painful or causing great suffering; relating to or involving torture.
Example
The journey through the desert was long and torturous.
砂漠を横断する旅は長くて痛ましいものでした。
C1 adjective eɪˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

asynchronous

非同期の
Meaning
Of or requiring a form of computer control timing protocol in which a specific operation begins upon receipt of an indication that the preceding operation has been completed.
Example
Asynchronous courses allow students to learn at their own pace.
非同期コースは学生が自分のペースで学べるようにします。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

壊れない
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
スーパーヒーローの盾は壊れないと言われていました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

耐え難い
Meaning
Too extreme to bear; intolerable.
Example
The heat during the summer was insufferable.
夏の暑さは耐え難かった。
C1 adjective /ˈθɪŋ.kə.bəl/

thinkable

考えられる
Meaning
Capable of being imagined or conceived; possible to consider or believe
Example
It is hard to believe that such an outcome is even thinkable.
そのような結果が考えられるとは信じがたい。
C1 verb /dɪˈraɪd/

deride

嘲笑する
Meaning
to mock or ridicule someone or something
Example
The critics derided the new movie for its poor script.
批評家たちはその新しい映画を悪い脚本のせいで嘲笑した。
C1 noun /ˈvæntɪdʒ/

vantage

有利な位置
Meaning
a position or situation that gives an advantage or a good view
Example
From this vantage, we could see the entire valley.
この位置から、私たちは谷全体を見ることができました。
C1 adjective /ˈmɪnəskjuːl/

minuscule

微細
Meaning
extremely small in size or importance
Example
She made only a minuscule contribution to the project.
彼女はプロジェクトにほんのわずかな貢献をしました。
C1 noun /ˈstreɪnər/

Strainer

こし器
Meaning
a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid
Example
Use a strainer to drain the pasta water.
パスタの水を切るためにこし器を使ってください。
C1 verb /diːm/

deem

みなす, 判断する
Meaning
to regard or consider in a specified way
Example
The project was deemed a success by the board.
そのプロジェクトは理事会によって成功だと見なされました。
C1 noun /ɪˈnæməl/

enamel

エナメル
Meaning
a hard, glossy substance used as a protective or decorative coating; the hard outer layer of teeth
Example
The dentist explained that enamel protects the teeth from decay.
歯科医は、エナメルが歯を虫歯から守ることを説明しました。
C1 verb, adjective, noun /spruːs/

spruce

整える / 一種の木
Meaning
to make neat or tidy in appearance; also refers to an evergreen tree
Example
He spruced up his room before the guests arrived.
彼はゲストが到着する前に部屋を整えました。
C1 verb /rɪˈdrɛs/

redress

是正する
Meaning
to set right, remedy, or compensate for a wrong or grievance
Example
The company promised to redress the complaints of its customers.
その会社は顧客の苦情を是正すると約束しました。
C1 noun ˌdɪm.ɪˈnjuː.ʃən

diminution

減少
Meaning
A reduction in the size, extent, or importance of something; decrease.
Example
There has been a diminution in air pollution.
大気汚染の減少がありました。
C1 adjective /əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ/

obliging

親切な
Meaning
Willing to help or do favors; accommodating.
Example
The staff at the hotel were very obliging and friendly.
ホテルのスタッフはとても親切で友好的でした。
C1 noun /frɪndʒ/

fringe

装飾的縁 / 端
Meaning
A decorative border of threads; the outer edge or margin of something.
Example
The festival had a fringe of small independent performances.
フェスティバルには小さな独立したパフォーマンスの端がありました。
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈproʊtʃ/

reproach

非難 / 批判
Meaning
An expression of disapproval or disappointment; to criticize someone for doing wrong.
Example
She reproached him for arriving late to the meeting.
彼女は会議に遅れたことを彼に非難した。
C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/

relegate

降格する
Meaning
to assign to a lower rank, position, or category
Example
The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.
マネージャーは選手をベンチにレリゲートすることを決定しました。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

詐欺師; 偽者
Meaning
a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud
Example
The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.
詐欺師は医者だとみんなを納得させましたが、彼の偽の資格が発覚するまでそれが続きました。
C1 adjective ˈluː.sɪd

lucid

明確で理解しやすい
Meaning
Clear and easily understandable thoughts or explanations.
Example
His explanation was so lucid that everyone understood it.
彼の説明は非常に明確だったので、皆が理解しました。
C1 noun /ˌtɒləˈreɪʃən/

toleration

寛容
Meaning
The practice of allowing something that one does not necessarily agree with.
Example
The government promoted religious toleration.
政府は宗教的寛容を促進した。
C1 noun /ˈlʌləˌbaɪ/

lullaby

子守唄
Meaning
a soothing song sung to help a child fall asleep
Example
She sang a lullaby to her baby every night.
彼女は毎晩赤ちゃんに子守唄を歌っていた。
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

古代
Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
遺跡はその都市の古代を思い出させるものです。
C1 verb /rɪŋ/

wring

幸せ
Meaning
to squeeze and twist something to force liquid out; to extract with effort
Example
She had to wring the towel after washing it.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər

permaculture

パーマカルチャー
Meaning
The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.
Example
Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.
パーマカルチャーは自給自足の農業システムを促進します。
C1 noun /ˈkwɒn.dər.i/

Quandary

ジレンマ; 困惑
Meaning
a difficult situation where you cannot decide what to do; dilemma
Example
She was in a quandary about which job offer to accept.
彼女はどの仕事のオファーを受け入れるかを決めかねていた。
C1 noun /pərˈveɪər/

purveyor

Meaning
a person or business that supplies goods, services, or information
Example
He is a well-known purveyor of fine wines.
C1 noun /ˈlɪbərəlɪzəm/

liberalism

リベラリズム
Meaning
a political and social philosophy advocating individual freedoms, democracy, and equality
Example
Liberalism emphasizes freedom of speech and human rights.
リベラリズムは言論の自由と人権を強調します。
C1 noun /mɪˈlɛniəm/

millennium

千年紀
Meaning
a period of one thousand years; often used to mark an anniversary
Example
The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of a new millennium.
2000年は新しい千年紀の始まりとして祝われました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd/

dispirited

落胆した
Meaning
Having lost enthusiasm, hope, or confidence; dejected.
Example
After losing the match, the team looked dispirited.
試合に負けた後、チームは落胆して見えた。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈkwaɪtɪd/

unrequited

Meaning
Not returned or reciprocated, especially in the context of love or affection.
Example
He suffered from unrequited love for years.
C1 noun /əˈkɜr.əns/

Occurrence

出来事
Meaning
an instance or event of something happening; the fact of occurring
Example
The occurrence of earthquakes is common in this region.
この地域では地震の出来事が一般的です。
C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

決定的な; 最終的な; 問題を完全に解決する
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
その証拠は決定的であり、疑う余地を残さなかった。
C1 adjective /ˌmiː.diˈoʊ.kər/

mediocre

平凡
Meaning
Of only average quality; not very good.
Example
The movie was entertaining but overall mediocre.
その映画は面白かったが、全体的に平凡だった。
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

一族
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
一族全員が祭りを祝うために集まりました。
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʌn.dənt/

redundant

冗長な
Meaning
Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
Example
The report contained redundant information.
その報告書には冗長な情報が含まれていました。
C1 noun /ˈtraɪæd/

triad

三位一体
Meaning
a group of three closely related people or things
Example
The project was managed by a triad of experts.
そのプロジェクトは三人の専門家によって管理されていました。
C1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.drʊ.pəl/

Quadruple

四倍
Meaning
four times as much or as many; consisting of four parts
Example
The company's profits have shown quadruple growth this year.
会社の利益は今年四倍の成長を見せました。
C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

父性
Meaning
The state of being someone's father.
Example
He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.
彼は子供との関係を確認するために、父性検査を要求しました。
C1 noun /ˈrɪpəl/

Ripple

波紋
Meaning
a small wave on the surface of water; a spreading effect or influence
Example
The stone created ripples across the calm pond.
石が静かな池に波紋を作った。
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

イントネーション
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
彼のイントネーションは観客を引きつけた。
C1 /skwɒt/

squat

しゃがむ
Meaning
to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground
Example
He squatted down to tie his shoes.
彼は靴を結ぶためにしゃがんだ。
C1 verb /ɪˈkweɪt/

equate

等しい
Meaning
To consider as equal or equivalent.
Example
Many people equate wealth with success.
多くの人々は富と成功を同一視します。
C1 noun /ˈleɪˌpɜːrsən/

layperson

素人
Meaning
A person who is not a member of the clergy or does not have specialized knowledge in a subject.
Example
The judge explained the law so that the layperson could understand.
裁判官は法を説明し、素人でも理解できるようにしました。
C1 noun /rɪˈmɔːrs/

Remorse

後悔
Meaning
deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed; bitter regret for something done
Example
He felt deep remorse for his actions.
彼は自分の行動に対して深い後悔を感じていた。
C1 verb /wɪðˈhoʊld/

withhold

差し控える
Meaning
to refuse to give or keep back something
Example
The company decided to withhold his bonus.
会社は彼のボーナスを差し控えることにした。
C1 adjective /ˈɛərˌtaɪt/

airtight

気密の
Meaning
Completely sealed so that no air can get in or out.
Example
Store the cookies in an airtight container to keep them fresh.
クッキーは新鮮さを保つために気密容器に保管してください。
C1 adjective, noun, verb /ˈtrɛbəl/

treble

トリプル、高い音
Meaning
triple; consisting of three parts; high-pitched sound in music
Example
The company's profits trebled in just two years.
会社の利益は2年で3倍になった。
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɒnstrəbl/

demonstrable

証明可能
Meaning
clearly able to be shown or proven
Example
There was demonstrable evidence that he was innocent.
彼が無罪であることを示す証明可能な証拠がありました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/

illegitimate

不正
Meaning
Not authorized by law, rules, or standards; not recognized as valid.
Example
The court ruled the contract to be illegitimate.
裁判所は契約が不正であると判断しました。
C1 verb /ɜːr/

err

誤る
Meaning
to make a mistake or be incorrect
Example
To err is human, to forgive divine.
誤ることは人間にとって自然なことであり、許すことは神聖である。
C1 noun /ˈbʊl.ək/

Bullock

牛
Meaning
a young bull; a castrated bull used for farm work
Example
The farmer used a bullock to plow the field.
農夫は田んぼを耕すために牛を使いました。
C1 adjective /ˈlæv.ɪʃ/

Lavish

贅沢; 豪華; 気前の良い
Meaning
expensive; elaborate; extravagant; generous
Example
The wedding was a lavish celebration with hundreds of guests.
結婚式は贅沢な祝いで、数百人のゲストが招待された。
C1 adjective /ˈɡɔːri/

gory

血なまぐさい
Meaning
involving or showing a lot of bloodshed and violence
Example
The movie was too gory for children.
その映画は子供には血なまぐさいすぎました。
C1 adjective /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bəl/

amicable

友好的
Meaning
Having a spirit of friendliness; without serious disagreement or rancor.
Example
They reached an amicable agreement.
彼らは友好的な合意に達しました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

起訴状
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
起訴状は、会社に対する複数の違反を告発しました。
C1 adjective /ˈhæpləs/

hapless

不運な, 不幸な
Meaning
unfortunate, unlucky, deserving pity
Example
The hapless traveler lost his passport on the very first day.
不運な旅行者は、初日にパスポートを失くしました。
C1 noun /ˈpær.ət biːk/

Parrot Beak

パロットビーク
Meaning
a climbing plant with curved red and orange flowers resembling a parrot's beak
Example
The parrot beak flower's unique curved shape makes it a fascinating addition to any garden.
パロットビークの花はユニークな曲線を持っており、どんな庭にも魅力的な追加要素となります。
C1 noun ˌlɪb.ər.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

liberalization

自由化
Meaning
The removal or loosening of restrictions on something, typically an economic or political system.
Example
The liberalization of trade policies attracted foreign investments.
貿易政策の自由化が外国からの投資を引き寄せました。
C1 adjective /əˈwɒʃ/

awash

水浸し
Meaning
covered or flooded with water or something in large quantities
Example
The market was awash with cheap imported goods.
市場は安価な輸入品で水浸しだった。
C1 noun /ˈlɛktən/

lectern

lectern
Meaning
A tall stand with a sloping top used to support a book, notes, or script during a speech or lecture.
Example
The professor placed her notes on the lectern before starting her lecture.
教授は講義を始める前にレクタウンにノートを置きました。
C1 noun /rɪft/

rift

亀裂
Meaning
a serious break in a relationship; a split or crack
Example
A rift developed between the two friends after the argument.
議論の後、二人の友達の間に亀裂が生じた。
C1 noun /ˈnjuːtrɪənt dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

nutrient deficiency

栄養不足
Meaning
A lack of essential nutrients required for healthy plant growth, which can result in poor crop development, reduced yields, and increased susceptibility to diseases.
Example
Nutrient deficiency in the soil can reduce crop productivity.
土壌中の栄養不足は作物の生産性を減少させる可能性があります。
C1 verb/noun /ˈsɒldər/

solder

はんだ付け
Meaning
To join metal parts together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint
Example
He soldered the broken wires back together.
彼は壊れた配線を再びはんだ付けしました。
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

投獄する
Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
当局は裁判後に犯罪者を投獄しました。
C1 noun /ˈkwæɡˌmaɪər/

quagmire

沼地、困難な状況
Meaning
a soft, wet area of land that gives way underfoot; a complex or dangerous situation
Example
The hikers were trapped in a political quagmire.
ハイカーたちは政治的な沼地に閉じ込められた。
C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

柔軟性の欠如
Meaning
the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability
Example
The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.
規則の柔軟性の欠如が不要な遅れを引き起こした。
C1 verb /dʌb/

dub

吹き替え
Meaning
to give a name or label to something; to add a soundtrack to a film or recording
Example
The movie was dubbed into several languages for international release.
その映画は国際公開のためにいくつかの言語に吹き替えられました。
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

小屋
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
漁師は海岸近くの小さな小屋に住んでいました。
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

災害; 大惨事
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
地震は恐ろしいカラミティで、何千人もの家族に影響を与えました。
C1 adjective /dʒəˈnɛrɪk/

generic

ジェネリック
Meaning
characteristic of or relating to a whole group or class; not specific
Example
This medicine is available in generic form.
この薬はジェネリックの形態で提供されています。
C1 noun /ˈnjʊə.rəʊ.trænsˌmɪt.ərs/

neurotransmitters

神経伝達物質
Meaning
Chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve synapses, affecting mood, behavior, and cognitive functions.
Example
Serotonin and dopamine are key neurotransmitters affecting mood.
セロトニンとドーパミンは気分に影響を与える主要な神経伝達物質です。
C1 noun /dɪˈlɪriəm/

delirium

錯乱
Meaning
An acutely disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence.
Example
The patient experienced delirium after the surgery due to the strong medication.
患者は手術後、強い薬物の影響で錯乱状態を経験しました。
C1 verb /prɪˈkluːd/

preclude

排除する
Meaning
To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.
Example
Heavy rain precluded the possibility of a picnic.
大雨がピクニックの可能性を排除した。
C1 verb /per/

pare

皮をむく
Meaning
to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually
Example
She pared the apple before eating it.
彼女はリンゴを食べる前に皮をむいた。
C1 noun /ˈfæm.ɪn/

Famine

飢饉
Meaning
extreme scarcity of food; a period when food is extremely scarce
Example
The severe drought led to widespread famine in the region.
厳しい干ばつが地域で広範な飢饉を引き起こしました。
C1 noun /ˈdaʊri/

dowry

持参金
Meaning
Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
Example
The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures.
いくつかの文化では、持参金の伝統が今でも守られています。
C1 verb /pɜːrtʃ/

perch

Meaning
To sit or rest on something high or narrow.
Example
The bird perched on the fence.
C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

不平を言う
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
彼女は最小の不便さについても不平を言う傾向がある。
C1 noun /ˌɛksɛnˈtrɪsəti/

eccentricity

奇抜さ
Meaning
the quality of being unconventional or slightly strange
Example
His eccentricity made him both admired and misunderstood.
彼の奇抜さは、彼を賞賛されると同時に誤解される原因となった。
C1 noun /ˌdaɪəˈrɑːmə/

diorama

ジオラマ
Meaning
a three-dimensional model representing a scene, often with miniature figures
Example
The museum displayed a diorama of an ancient village.
博物館に古代の村のジオラマが展示されていました。
C1 noun /dʒɛˈsteɪʃən/

gestation

妊娠
Meaning
the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth; the development of an idea or plan
Example
The gestation period of an elephant is nearly two years.
象の妊娠期間はほぼ2年です。
C1 noun ɪˌməʊ.ʃəˈnæl.ɪ.ti

emotionality

感情性
Meaning
The quality of being driven by emotions rather than reason; emotional responsiveness.
Example
His emotionality often influenced his decisions.
彼の感情性はしばしば彼の決定に影響を与えた。
C1 noun /ˌdɛsɪˈmeɪʃən/

decimation

壊滅
Meaning
The act of destroying or killing a large proportion of something.
Example
The decimation of the city left thousands homeless.
都市の壊滅により、何千人もの人々が家を失った。
C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

騒ぎ
Meaning
A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.
Example
The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.
市場での突然の騒ぎがみんなの注目を集めた。
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈlaɪ/

underlie

基盤となる
Meaning
to be the hidden cause or basis of something
Example
Strong cultural traditions underlie the community's practices.
強い文化的伝統はコミュニティの慣習の基盤となっている。
C1 verb /spɜːr/

spur

促す / 奨励する
Meaning
To encourage or motivate someone to take action.
Example
The teacher's praise spurred him to study harder.
教師の賞賛は彼にもっと一生懸命勉強するように促した。
C1 noun /ˈhaɪ.drəʊˌpaʊər ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

hydropower generation

水力発電
Meaning
The production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.
Example
Hydropower generation promotes green energy.
水力発電はグリーンエネルギーを促進します。
C1 adjective /təˈren.ʃəl/

Torrential

土砂降り; 激しい雨
Meaning
falling rapidly in copious streams; extremely heavy rainfall
Example
The torrential rain flooded the streets within hours.
土砂降りの雨が数時間以内に通りを浸水させた。
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɪstɪk/

mystic

神秘的な、精神的な探求者
Meaning
relating to mysteries, spirituality, or hidden truths; a person who seeks spiritual insight
Example
The mystic devoted his life to meditation and spiritual discovery.
その神秘的な探求者は瞑想と精神的発見に人生を捧げました。
C1 adverb /ˈmɪdweɪ/

Midway

中途; 真ん中で
Meaning
halfway; at or to the middle point
Example
The project is midway through completion.
プロジェクトは完了に向かってミッドウェイにあります。
C1 noun /ˈdʒɑːr.ɡən/

jargon

専門用語
Meaning
Specialized or technical language used by a particular group or profession.
Example
The lawyer’s explanation was full of legal jargon.
弁護士の説明は法律専門用語でいっぱいでした。
C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

敬虔な
Meaning
devoutly religious; showing reverence for God
Example
The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.
敬虔な修道士は毎日何時間も祈りに捧げた。
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

依存する / 代表団
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
出席は事前登録に依存しています。 / 学生の代表団が会議に出席しました。
C1 noun /ˈlaɪk.nəs/

Likeness

類似性; 似ていること
Meaning
the fact or quality of being alike; resemblance; a portrait or representation
Example
The portrait shows a strong likeness to her grandmother.
ポートレートは彼女の祖母に強い類似性を示しています。
C1 verb /mɔːrf/

morph

変形する
Meaning
to change smoothly from one form, shape, or character into another
Example
The caterpillar will morph into a butterfly.
イモムシは蝶に変わるでしょう。
C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

消費主義
Meaning
The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.
Example
Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.
現代の消費主義は高級品の需要の増加を引き起こします。
C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

概念化する
Meaning
to form an idea or concept of something in your mind
Example
The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.
アーティストは展示のために新しいデザインを構想しました。
C1 adjective /ˈtɑːrdi/

tardy

遅刻
Meaning
Delayed; arriving or happening late.
Example
The student received a warning for being tardy to class.
学生は授業に遅れて警告を受けました。
C1 noun ˌʌndərˈprɪvəlɪdʒd ɡruːps

underprivileged groups

恵まれないグループ
Meaning
Groups of people who lack basic necessities or advantages that are available to other members of society.
Example
Underprivileged groups benefit from social initiatives.
恵まれないグループは社会的なイニシアティブから利益を得ます。