contemptible
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C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

軽蔑すべき, 嫌悪すべき
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
彼の欺瞞的な行動は本当に軽蔑すべきものでした。
C1 noun /əˈtaɪər/

attire

衣装
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or elegant wear.
Example
She wore traditional attire at the wedding ceremony.
彼女は結婚式で伝統的な衣装を着ていた。
C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

象徴主義
Meaning
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example
The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.
小説でのシンボリズムの使い方は見事です。
C1 verb /fɔːrˈɡoʊ/

forgo

控える
Meaning
to decide not to do or have something
Example
She decided to forgo dessert to maintain her diet.
彼女はダイエットを維持するためにデザートを控えることを決めました。
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

協調した
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
労働者たちは状況改善のために協調した努力をしました。
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈdʒʌst/

readjust

再調整
Meaning
To change or move something again in order to achieve a better fit, condition, or balance.
Example
He readjusted the chair to make it more comfortable.
彼は椅子をもっと快適にするために再調整しました。
C1 verb /ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt/

liquidate

清算する
Meaning
To sell assets in order to pay off debts; to close a business and convert assets into cash.
Example
The company decided to liquidate its assets to pay creditors.
会社は債権者に支払うために資産を清算することを決定しました。
C1 noun ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən

prioritization

優先順位付け
Meaning
The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.
Example
Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently.
効果的な優先順位付けは、リソースが効率的に使用されることを保証します。
C1 noun ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

mitigation

緩和
Meaning
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Example
Mitigation of climate change requires collective effort.
気候変動の緩和には共同の努力が必要です。
C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

吸う
Meaning
Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective
Example
The baby is sucking on a pacifier.
赤ちゃんが乳首を吸っています。
C1 verb /weɪn/

wane

減少する
Meaning
To decrease gradually in power, intensity, or size.
Example
The moon wanes after the full moon night.
月は満月の夜の後に減少する。
C1 noun ˈæf.lu.əns

affluence

富裕
Meaning
The state of having a great deal of money; wealth.
Example
His affluence allowed him to travel the world.
彼の富は世界中を旅することを可能にしました。
C1 adjective /dɪˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ/

debilitating

衰弱させる
Meaning
Making someone or something weak and infirm.
Example
The disease had a debilitating effect on his health.
その病気は彼の健康に衰弱をもたらした。
C1 adjective /ˈpent ʌp/

Pent-up

抑えられた; 制限された; 閉じ込められた
Meaning
suppressed; restrained; confined
Example
He had pent-up anger that finally exploded.
彼は抑えられた怒りを抱えており、最終的に爆発した。
C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

エピソディック
Meaning
Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.
Example
Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.
彼女の芸術への興味はエピソディックで、何年もの間、来たり行ったりしていました。
C1 verb /ˈlaɪ.kən/

liken

例える
Meaning
to compare one thing to another, often in a figurative way
Example
He likened her voice to sweet music.
彼は彼女の声を甘い音楽に例えました。
C1 noun /liːtʃ/

Leech

ヒル
Meaning
an aquatic or terrestrial annelid worm with suckers at both ends; metaphorically, a person who extorts profit from others
Example
The leech attached itself to his leg while swimming.
ヒルは泳いでいる間、彼の足にくっついた。
C1 noun /ˈredʒ.ɪ.mən/

regimen

健康促進または回復のために処方された治療法、ライフスタイル、または食事
Meaning
A prescribed course of medical treatment, way of life, or diet for the promotion or restoration of health.
Example
A strict exercise regimen improves overall fitness.
厳格な運動レジメンは、全体的なフィットネスを向上させます。
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

領事館
Meaning
the building or office where a consul works
Example
He went to the consulate to renew his visa.
彼はビザを更新するために領事館に行きました。
C1 adjective /ˈmaɪ.ɡrə.tɔːr.i/

Migratory

移動性の
Meaning
moving from one place to another; characterized by seasonal movement
Example
Many birds are migratory and travel thousands of miles each season.
多くの鳥は移動性があり、毎シーズン数千マイルも飛ぶ。
C1 verb /ɪnˈθrɔːl/

enthrall

魅了する
Meaning
to captivate or hold someone’s attention completely
Example
The magician’s tricks enthralled the children.
マジシャンのトリックは子供たちを魅了しました。
C1 noun /ˈhiːdəˌnɪzəm/

hedonism

快楽主義
Meaning
The pursuit of pleasure and self-indulgence as the highest goal.
Example
The lifestyle of the rich is often criticized as pure hedonism.
金持ちのライフスタイルはしばしば純粋な快楽主義として批判されます。
C1 adjective /ˈrʌs.tɪk/

Rustic

シンプルで洗練されていない; 農村地域に関連
Meaning
simple and unsophisticated; relating to rural areas
Example
The rustic cottage had wooden beams and a thatched roof.
そのラスティックな小屋は木製の梁と藁葺きの屋根を持っていた。
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

ふるい
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
彼女はパスタをこすためにふるいを使いました。
C1 verb /ʌpˈruːt/

uproot

引き抜く
Meaning
To pull something out of the ground; to remove or displace completely.
Example
They uprooted the old tree from the garden.
彼らは庭から古い木を引き抜いた。
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

潜性
Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
青い目の色はしばしばリセシブな特徴です。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/

impediment

障害
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; something that prevents progress.
Example
Lack of funds is a major impediment to the project.
資金不足はプロジェクトの大きな障害です。
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

軽蔑的, 侮辱的
Meaning
showing or expressing contempt; scornful
Example
She gave him a contemptuous glance.
彼女は彼に軽蔑のまなざしを向けた。
C1 verb /ˈwɪtl/

whittle

Meaning
to carve or shape something by cutting off small pieces; to gradually reduce
Example
He spent the afternoon whittling a piece of wood into a toy.
C1 verb /dɪˈɡreɪd/

degrade

Meaning
To lower in dignity, quality, or value; to treat with disrespect or to deteriorate.
Example
Harsh words can degrade a person's confidence.
C1 noun rɪˈdʒɛn.ər.ə.tɪv ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ

regenerative farming

再生農業
Meaning
Agricultural practices that improve soil health and biodiversity.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil fertility and biodiversity.
再生農業は土壌の肥沃度と生物多様性を向上させます。
C1 noun /mɜːrθ/

mirth

喜び
Meaning
Great joy, amusement, or laughter.
Example
The festival was full of mirth and laughter.
フェスティバルは喜びと笑いでいっぱいでした。
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

Illogical

非論理的
Meaning
not reasonable or sensible; lacking logic
Example
It would be illogical to go swimming in such cold weather.
こんなに寒い天気で泳ぐのは非論理的です。
C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

不平を言う
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
彼女は最小の不便さについても不平を言う傾向がある。
C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

密航者
Meaning
A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.
Example
The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.
乗組員は貨物室に隠れている密航者を発見しました。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒəns/

insurgence

反乱
Meaning
An act of rebellion or uprising against authority.
Example
The government struggled to contain the growing insurgence.
政府は増大する反乱を抑制するのに苦労した。
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
C1 noun /ˈnɒnʃələns/

nonchalance

無頓着
Meaning
A relaxed and calm state, showing lack of concern or interest.
Example
She answered the tough questions with surprising nonchalance.
彼女は驚くべき無頓着で難しい質問に答えました。
C1 verb /ˈɛnərˌdʒaɪz/

energize

活性化する
Meaning
To give energy or vitality to something or someone.
Example
The motivational speech helped energize the team.
モチベーションスピーチはチームを活性化するのに役立ちました。
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

力を入れて登る
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
子供たちは洞窟に到達するために岩を登った。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

Invariable

不変の; 一定の; 常に同じ
Meaning
never changing; constant; always the same
Example
His invariable routine includes morning exercise and coffee.
彼の不変のルーチンには、朝の運動とコーヒーが含まれています。
C1 adjective /daɪˈvɜːrsɪfaɪd/

diversified

多様化された
Meaning
Made or having variety in form, nature, or content.
Example
The company adopted a diversified business strategy to reduce risks.
その会社はリスクを減らすために多様化されたビジネス戦略を採用した。
C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

順応、適合、従順
Meaning
Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.
Example
Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.
規則の厳格な順守は社会の秩序を保証します。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

内省的
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
作家はしばしば非常に内省的な人々である。
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrsəbl/

forcible

強制的
Meaning
Done by force; using physical strength or power.
Example
The police made a forcible entry into the house.
警察は強制的に家に入った。
C1 noun /ˈmɪlɪtəˌrɪzəm/

militarism

軍国主義
Meaning
The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Example
The rise of militarism in the region caused tension among neighboring countries.
地域での軍国主義の台頭は、隣国間の緊張を引き起こしました。
C1 verb dɪˈlɪnieɪt

delineate

詳細に描写する
Meaning
To describe or portray something precisely
Example
The artist delineated the scene in intricate detail.
アーティストはシーンを複雑な詳細で描写しました。
C1 adjective /ˈluː.krə.tɪv/

lucrative

収益性の高い
Meaning
Producing a great deal of profit; highly profitable or financially rewarding.
Example
The real estate business is highly lucrative in urban areas.
不動産業は都市部で非常に収益性が高いです。
C1 noun ˈaʊt.sɔːr.sɪŋ

outsourcing

アウトソーシング
Meaning
The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them.
Example
Many companies use outsourcing to reduce labor costs.
多くの企業はコスト削減のためにアウトソーシングを利用しています。
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪrɪtɪd/

dispirited

落胆した
Meaning
Having lost enthusiasm, hope, or confidence; dejected.
Example
After losing the match, the team looked dispirited.
試合に負けた後、チームは落胆して見えた。
C1 noun ˌlɪb.ərˈeɪ.ʃən

liberation

解放
Meaning
The action of setting someone free from imprisonment, slavery, or oppression; release.
Example
Liberation movements inspired many countries.
解放運動は多くの国々に影響を与えました。
C1 verb /əˈtɛst/

attest

証明する
Meaning
To provide or serve as clear evidence of; to confirm or certify the truth of something.
Example
The witness attested to the accuracy of the report.
証人は報告書の正確さを証明しました。
C1 adjective /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθən/

elizabethan

エリザベス朝時代
Meaning
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era.
シェイクスピアはエリザベス朝時代に多くの戯曲を書きました。
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

同時に行われる、並行する、同じ時間に行われる
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
会議では、さまざまなトピックに関する並行セッションが行われました。
C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

復讐
Meaning
punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge
Example
He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.
彼は自分を傷つけた者に復讐すると誓った。
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

経験豊富な / 味付けされた
Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
彼女は20年以上の経験を持つベテランの教師です。
C1 noun ˈɡræn.dʒər

Grandeur

壮大さ
Meaning
Magnificence, majesty, splendor; impressive beauty and scale.
Example
The grandeur of the Colosseum attracts millions of visitors.
コロッセオの壮大さは何百万もの観光客を引きつけます。
C1 adjective /ˈprɪs.tiːn/

pristine

原始的な, 手つかずの, 清潔で新鮮な
Meaning
In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.
Example
The forest remains in a pristine condition.
その森は原始的な状態を保っています。
C1 noun /ˈtoʊtəm/

totem

聖なる象徴
Meaning
A natural object, animal, or symbol that is revered as a spiritual emblem by a group or tribe.
Example
The eagle is considered a sacred totem in many cultures.
イーグルは多くの文化で神聖なトーテムと見なされています。
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

地図製作者
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
カートグラファーは新しい地域の地図を慎重に描きました。
C1 noun /streɪt/

strait

海峡
Meaning
A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.
Example
The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
ジブラルタル海峡は大西洋と地中海を繋いでいます。
C1 adjective /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/

squeamish

簡単に気分が悪くなったり、吐き気を催したり、嫌悪感を抱いたりする
Meaning
easily made to feel sick, faint, or disgusted
Example
She felt squeamish at the sight of blood.
彼女は血を見て気分が悪くなった。
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

赤褐色
Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
彼女は長い赤褐色の髪を持っていて、日光の下で輝いています。
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnəbl/

discernible

明白な
Meaning
able to be seen, recognized, or understood
Example
There was a discernible change in his behavior.
彼の行動には明らかな変化があった。
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

家長
Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
家族の家長として、彼は争いごとを解決し、長い伝統を守りました。
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
C1 noun /ˈjuː.fə.mɪ.zəm/

euphemism

直接的または厳しい言葉の代わりに使われる穏やかで間接的な言葉
Meaning
A mild or indirect term substituted for one considered too harsh or direct; polite expression for something unpleasant.
Example
The phrase "passed away" is a euphemism for "died".
'亡くなった'という言葉は'死んだ'のユーフェミズムです。
C1 noun /ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ/

centrifuge

遠心分離機
Meaning
A machine that spins substances at high speed to separate different components.
Example
The lab technician used a centrifuge to separate the blood cells from the plasma.
実験室の技術者は、血液細胞を血漿から分離するために遠心分離機を使用しました。
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

重要な、顕著な、または目立つ
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
レポートは議論の重要な点を強調しました。
C1 noun /fɪkˈseɪ.ʃən/

fixation

執着や過度な興味
Meaning
An obsessive interest in or feeling about someone or something.
Example
His fixation on perfectionism delayed project completion.
完璧主義への執着がプロジェクトの完了を遅らせた。
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

押し付けがましい
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
その販売員はあまりにも押し付けがましく、顧客を遠ざけました。
C1 noun /ɪkˈstriː.mɪst/

Extremist

過激派
Meaning
a person who holds extreme political or religious views
Example
The government is taking measures to prevent extremist activities.
政府は過激派の活動を防ぐための措置を講じています。
C1 noun /əˈkwɪtl/

acquittal

Meaning
a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged
Example
The acquittal of the accused shocked the public.
C1 verb /əˈflɪkt/

afflict

苦しめる
Meaning
to cause pain, suffering, or distress to someone or something
Example
Many people are afflicted by seasonal allergies.
多くの人々が季節性アレルギーに悩まされています。
C1 adjective /ˈlɪstləs/

listless

無気力
Meaning
lacking energy, enthusiasm, or interest
Example
She felt listless after working long hours without rest.
長時間休憩なしで働いた後、彼女は無気力に感じていた。
C1 noun ziːl

zeal

熱意
Meaning
Great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective; passion.
Example
She approached the project with great zeal and determination.
彼女は大きな熱意と決意でそのプロジェクトに取り組んだ。
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

田園詩のように美しい
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
彼らは海辺で田園詩のような休暇を楽しみました。
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

合計, 要約
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
弁護士は事件の強力な要約を行った。
C1 noun əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən

Assimilation

同化
Meaning
Connecting new information with existing knowledge
Example
Proper assimilation of knowledge leads to effective learning.
知識の適切な同化は効果的な学習につながります。
C1 noun /blɒˈkeɪd/

Blockade

封鎖
Meaning
an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving
Example
The naval blockade prevented supplies from reaching the port.
海上封鎖により物資が港に届くのを防ぎました。
C1 adjective /ˈlæk.tɪk/

lactic

乳または乳酸に関連する
Meaning
Relating to milk or lactic acid.
Example
Intense exercise can lead to a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles.
激しい運動は筋肉に乳酸が蓄積される原因となることがあります。
C1 noun /ˈlæd.i/

laddie

若い男の子
Meaning
A young boy or lad.
Example
The old man gave the young laddie a kind smile.
老人は若い男の子に親切な笑顔をくれました。
C1 noun /ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪd ˈrɛz.ɪ.djuː/

pesticide-residue

農薬残留物
Meaning
Chemical remnants left over from pesticides used on crops or in soil.
Example
Excess pesticide-residue in food can be harmful to health.
食物中の農薬残留物が過剰だと健康に害を与える可能性があります。
C1 adjective /ɪˈmoʊbəl/

immobile

動けない
Meaning
unable to move or be moved
Example
After the accident, he was immobile for weeks.
事故の後、彼は数週間動けなかった。
C1 adjective /ˈlætərəl/

lateral

側面
Meaning
Relating to the side or sideways movement.
Example
The football player made a quick lateral pass.
サッカー選手は素早い側面パスをしました。
C1 noun ɪɡˌzæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən

exasperation

苛立ち
Meaning
Extreme irritation or frustration.
Example
He sighed in exasperation after hearing the same excuse again.
彼は同じ言い訳をまた聞かされて、苛立ちのあまりため息をついた。
C1 adjective /ˈsɒmbər/

somber

陰気
Meaning
Dark or dull in color or tone; gloomy or serious.
Example
The funeral had a somber atmosphere.
葬式には暗い雰囲気がありました。
C1 adjective /ˈkɒnvɛks/

convex

凸状の、外向きに丸みを帯びた
Meaning
curved or rounded outward
Example
The lens has a convex shape to focus light.
レンズは光を焦点を合わせるために凸の形状をしています。
C1 adverb /əˈkjuːtli/

acutely

鋭く
Meaning
in a sharp, intense, or severe way; with keen awareness
Example
She was acutely aware of the risks involved.
彼女はその危険性を鋭く認識していた。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

Meaning
to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office
Example
She was inducted into the university's honor society.
C1 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːzɪk/

analgesic

鎮痛剤
Meaning
A drug or substance that relieves pain.
Example
She took an analgesic to ease her headache.
彼女は頭痛を和らげるために鎮痛剤を飲みました。
C1 noun /oʊˈbɪt.ʃu.er.i/

Obituary

訃報
Meaning
a notice of someone's death published in a newspaper; biographical account of deceased person
Example
The newspaper published his obituary yesterday.
新聞は昨日彼の訃報を掲載しました。
C1 verb /bæsk/

bask

日向ぼっこ
Meaning
to lie in warmth and light; to enjoy something pleasurable
Example
The cat basks in the sunny window.
猫は日差しの差す窓辺で日向ぼっこをしている。
C1 noun /ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/

probiotics

プロバイオティクス
Meaning
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
Example
Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health.
プロバイオティクスは消化を改善し、腸の健康を促進します。
C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

無関係性
Meaning
the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand
Example
The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.
裁判官はその主張が事件と無関係であるとして退けた。
C1 adjective /ˌmaɪ.krəˈskɑː.pɪk/

microscopic

顕微鏡的
Meaning
Extremely small and only visible with a microscope.
Example
The sample contained microscopic particles.
サンプルには顕微鏡的な粒子が含まれていました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

inquisitive

好奇心旺盛な
Meaning
Curious or eager to learn and ask questions.
Example
The inquisitive child asked endless questions about the stars.
好奇心旺盛な子供は星について無限に質問をしました。
C1 noun /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Ratification

承認
Meaning
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement
Example
The treaty required ratification by both countries' parliaments.
その条約は両国の議会による批准を必要とした。
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

突然の鋭い痛みまたは感情的苦痛
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
議論後、彼女は罪悪感のパンを感じた。
C1 noun/verb /smʌdʒ/

smudge

汚れ, スマッジ
Meaning
a dirty mark or smear; to make something dirty or unclear by rubbing or touching
Example
She accidentally smudged her lipstick on the napkin.
彼女はうっかりナプキンにリップスティックをつけてしまった。
C1 adjective ɪkˈskwɪzɪt

exquisite

精緻
Meaning
Extremely beautiful and delicate.
Example
The exquisite craftsmanship of the watch made it a collector's item.
その時計の精巧な職人技がそれをコレクターアイテムにした。
C1 noun /ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/

Glossary

用語集
Meaning
an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with explanations; a brief dictionary
Example
The textbook includes a helpful glossary at the end to define technical terms.
教科書の最後には技術的な用語を定義するための役立つ用語集があります。
C1 adjective /ˈlækˌlʌstər/

lackluster

輝きがない
Meaning
Lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring.
Example
The lackluster performance disappointed the audience.
輝きがないパフォーマンスは観客を失望させました。
C1 noun /ˈhɒl.ə.kɔːst/

holocaust

ホロコースト
Meaning
A large-scale destruction, especially by fire; historically, the genocide of Jews during World War II.
Example
Millions of people perished during the Holocaust.
ホロコースト中に何百万もの人々が命を落としました。
C1 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɑːɡətɪv/

interrogative

疑問の
Meaning
Relating to or conveying a question; in grammar, used to form questions.
Example
She raised an interrogative eyebrow when she heard the news.
彼女はそのニュースを聞いて疑問のまなざしを向けました。
C1 noun /ˈbʊzəm/

bosom

胸
Meaning
the human chest, especially a woman’s breast; also used metaphorically to refer to closeness or intimacy
Example
She kept the secret close to her bosom.
彼女は秘密を胸にしまっておいた。
C1 noun /ˈruːbrɪk/

rubric

評価基準 / 指針
Meaning
A set of instructions, rules, or a heading in a document, often used for grading criteria.
Example
The teacher provided a grading rubric for the assignment.
教師は課題のための評価基準を提供しました。
C1 noun /ˈhjuːbrɪs/

hubris

傲慢
Meaning
excessive pride or self-confidence
Example
His hubris led to his downfall.
彼の傲慢が彼の没落を引き起こした。
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

折りたたみ式
Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
彼女はキャンプ用に折りたたみ式の椅子を買いました。
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈfɜːrm/

reaffirm

再確認する
Meaning
To state again strongly; to confirm or strengthen a statement or belief.
Example
The president reaffirmed his commitment to education reform.
大統領は教育改革への取り組みを再確認した。
C1 noun ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən

misconception

誤解
Meaning
A wrong idea or false understanding about something.
Example
There is a common misconception that success happens overnight.
成功は一夜にして成るという誤解が広まっている。
C1 noun /məˈræŋ/

meringue

メレンゲ (デザートトッピング)
Meaning
A light dessert topping made from whipped egg whites and sugar.
Example
She decorated the pie with a fluffy meringue topping.
彼女はパイにふわふわのメレンゲを飾った。
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtoʊld/

Untold

無数の; 無限の
Meaning
very great in amount or degree; countless; immeasurable
Example
The earthquake caused untold damage to the city.
地震は都市に無数の損害を与えました。
C1 noun /baɪl/

Bile

胆汁
Meaning
a bitter greenish-brown alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Example
The liver produces bile to help digest fats.
肝臓は脂肪の消化を助けるために胆汁を生成します。
C1 verb /ˈæn.ɛks/

annex

併合する
Meaning
To take control of a territory and add it to one's own.
Example
The empire annexed the neighboring kingdom after the war.
帝国は戦争後、隣国を併合した。
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

変動しやすい
Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
株式市場は最近非常に変動しやすいです。
C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

垂直
Meaning
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Example
The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.
はしごは安全のために地面に対して垂直に配置されました。
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒən.mənt/

disillusionment

幻滅
Meaning
A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.
Example
Many people experience disillusionment after unrealistic expectations.
多くの人々が非現実的な期待の後に幻滅を経験します。
C1 noun /rɪˈsaɪtl/

recital

リサイタル
Meaning
A performance of music, dance, or poetry, usually by a soloist.
Example
She gave a piano recital at the concert hall.
彼女はコンサートホールでピアノのリサイタルを行いました。