collector
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B2 noun /kəˈlɛktər/

collector

Meaning
a person who collects things as a hobby or job
Example
He is a stamp collector with thousands of rare items.
B2 verb /klɪŋ/

cling

幸せ
Meaning
to hold on tightly to someone or something
Example
The child clung to his mother in fear.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、幸せを隠せなかった。
B2 verb /ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪt/

complicate

複雑にする
Meaning
To make something more difficult or confusing.
Example
The new rules will only complicate the process.
新しいルールはプロセスをさらに複雑にするだけです。
B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt

character development

キャラクターの成長
Meaning
The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.
Example
The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.
シドニー・カートンのキャラクターの成長は深い。
B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

制限する
Meaning
to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel
Example
The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.
新しい規制は企業が環境を汚染するのを制限しています。
B2 noun ˈkɔːʃən

caution

注意
Meaning
Care taken to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning or piece of advice.
Example
Researchers issued a caution regarding unsustainable fishing.
研究者たちは持続不可能な漁業について警告を出しました。
B2 noun /kənˈfɛʃən/

confession

告白
Meaning
a statement admitting that one is guilty of a crime or has done something wrong
Example
The suspect made a full confession to the police.
容疑者は警察に完全な告白をした。
B2 noun /tʃʌŋk/

chunk

塊 / 断片
Meaning
a thick or solid piece of something
Example
She cut the cake into large chunks.
彼女はケーキを大きな塊に切った。
B2 noun /kəˈlɛstərɒl/

cholesterol

コレステロール
Meaning
a fatty substance found in the blood, high levels of which can cause health problems
Example
High cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease.
高コレステロールは心臓病のリスクを高める可能性があります。
B2 verb /kəmˈpraɪz/

comprise

構成する
Meaning
To consist of or be made up of something.
Example
The committee comprises five members.
委員会は五人のメンバーで構成されています。
B2 noun /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

capability

能力
Meaning
The ability or capacity to do something.
Example
The telescope's capability is unparalleled.
望遠鏡の能力は並外れている。
B2 phrase kəˈlek.tɪv ˈæk.ʃən

collective action

集団行動
Meaning
Action taken by a group of people working together toward a common goal or purpose.
Example
Collective action is needed to mitigate climate change.
気候変動を緩和するには、集団行動が必要です。
B2 adjective kəˈlɛktɪv

collective

集団的
Meaning
Done by people acting as a group; shared by all members of a group.
Example
Victory Day represents our collective pride.
勝利の日は私たちの集団的誇りを象徴しています。
B2 verb /kənˈfaɪn/

confine

閉じ込める
Meaning
to restrict someone or something within certain limits; to keep someone in a closed space
Example
The prisoner was confined to his cell for 23 hours a day.
囚人は1日に23時間、自分の独房に閉じ込められた。
B2 noun /ˈkæs.ər.oʊl bɑːks/

Casserole box

キャセロールボックス
Meaning
a covered dish used for cooking and serving food, especially baked dishes
Example
The casserole box kept the food warm during the dinner party.
キャセロールボックスはディナーパーティーの間、食べ物を温かく保ちました。
B2 noun /kənˌtɪn.juˈeɪ.ʃən/

continuation

継続
Meaning
the action of carrying something on over time; extension
Example
The continuation of the series was announced after the finale.
シリーズの継続は最終回後に発表されました。
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

criteria

基準
Meaning
Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.
Example
The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.
候補者は厳格な基準に基づいて評価されました。
B2 adjective /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

cunning

ずるい
Meaning
Having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion; cleverness in a tricky way.
Example
The cunning fox tricked the farmer.
ずる賢い狐は農夫を騙した。
B2 verb /kənˈsɜːrv/

conserve

Meaning
to protect something from harm or destruction; to use resources carefully to avoid waste
Example
We must conserve water during the dry season.
B2 adjective /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Convincing

説得力のある; 信頼できる; 説得力のある; 誰かに何かを信じさせることができる
Meaning
believable; credible; persuasive; able to make someone believe something
Example
His convincing argument won over the entire jury.
彼の説得力のある議論は全陪審員を納得させました。
B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl

carbon-neutral

カーボンニュートラル
Meaning
Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.
Example
The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.
この会社は2030年までにカーボンニュートラルを達成することを目指しています。
B2 noun /kleɪ/

clay

粘土
Meaning
a natural material made of fine earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making pottery
Example
The artist molded the wet clay into a beautiful vase.
アーティストは湿った粘土を使って美しい花瓶を作りました。
B2 adjective kənˈsaɪs

concise

簡潔
Meaning
Brief and clearly expressed without unnecessary details.
Example
A concise speech is more impactful than a long one.
簡潔なスピーチは長いスピーチよりも効果的です。
B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

暗号通貨
Meaning
Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.
Example
Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.
ビットコインは市場で最も人気のある暗号通貨です。
B2 verb /ˈkeɪtər/

cater

Meaning
To provide food, drinks, or services, usually for an event or group.
Example
The company catered the wedding reception.
B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

同意
Meaning
permission for something to happen or agreement to do something
Example
She gave her consent before the operation.
彼女は手術の前に同意を与えました。
B2 noun /ˈkʌlprɪt/

culprit

犯人
Meaning
a person who is responsible for a crime or misdeed
Example
The police caught the culprit behind the robbery.
警察は強盗の背後にいる犯人を捕まえた。
B2 noun /ˈkʌt.lət/

Cutlet

カツレツ
Meaning
a small piece of meat, especially veal or lamb, for frying or grilling
Example
She served delicious chicken cutlets for dinner.
彼女は夕食に美味しいチキンカツレツを出しました。
B2 verb kəˈlaɪd

collide

衝突する、ぶつかる
Meaning
Hit with force when moving; come into conflict or opposition.
Example
The two cars collided at the intersection.
二台の車が交差点で衝突しました。
B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

堆肥化
Meaning
The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.
Example
Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.
コンポスティングは廃棄物を減らし、土壌の肥沃度を高めます。
B2 verb /kəˈrɛspɒnd/

correspond

通信する
Meaning
to communicate by exchanging letters or messages
Example
I correspond regularly with my old friends.
私は定期的に古い友達と通信しています。
B2 noun /kənˈstreɪnt/

constraint

制約
Meaning
a limitation or restriction
Example
Time is the biggest constraint in completing the project.
プロジェクトを完了するための最大の制約は時間です。
B2 verb /koʊp/

cope

対処する
Meaning
to deal effectively with something difficult
Example
She had to cope with a lot of pressure at work.
彼女は仕事で大きなプレッシャーに対処しなければなりませんでした。
B2 noun /tʃɔːr/

chore

家事
Meaning
A routine task, especially a household duty.
Example
Washing the dishes is my least favorite chore.
食器を洗うのは私の一番嫌いな家事です。
B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/

Continuously

連続的に; 絶え間なく; 途切れることなく
Meaning
without interruption; in an unbroken sequence
Example
The machine operates continuously for 24 hours.
その機械は24時間連続して稼働します。
B2 noun /ˈkɒŋɡrɛs/

congress

会議
Meaning
a formal meeting or assembly, especially of representatives for discussion
Example
The international congress on climate change will be held next year.
気候変動に関する国際会議は来年開催されます。
B2 verb /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/

contemplate

Meaning
to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully
Example
She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.
B2 noun /ˌklærɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

clarification

明確化
Meaning
The action of making a statement or situation less confused and more clearly comprehensible.
Example
The manager requested clarification on the project details.
マネージャーはプロジェクトの詳細に関する明確化を求めました。
B2 adjective /ˈkɔːstli/

costly

高価
Meaning
expensive or causing a lot of money, time, or effort
Example
Their mistake proved to be very costly for the company.
彼らのミスは会社にとって非常に高価であることが証明されました。
B2 verb /kəmˈpoʊz/

compose

作曲する
Meaning
to create music or writing; to make up; to calm oneself
Example
She composes beautiful songs.
彼女は美しい歌を作曲します。
B2 noun /ˈkɒpɪraɪt/

copyright

著作権
Meaning
the legal right of the creator of a work to control its use and distribution
Example
She holds the copyright for the book.
彼女はその本の著作権を持っています。
B2 adjective ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

cognitive

認知的
Meaning
Related to mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning.
Example
Cognitive functions improve with practice and learning.
認知機能は練習と学習によって改善されます。
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər/

counter

カウンター
Meaning
a flat surface in a shop, bank, or kitchen where transactions or work are done
Example
The cashier stood behind the counter.
レジ係はカウンターの後ろに立っていました。
B2 verb /kənˈfrʌnt/

confront

立ち向かう
Meaning
to face someone or something directly, especially in a challenge or conflict
Example
She had to confront her fears before making the speech.
彼女はスピーチをする前に恐怖と向き合わなければならなかった。
B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/

charisma

カリスマ
Meaning
Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.
Example
His charisma helped him become a great leader.
彼のカリスマは彼を偉大なリーダーにする手助けをした。
B2 adjective /kɔːrs/

coarse

粗い, ざらざら
Meaning
Rough in texture or manner; not smooth or refined.
Example
The fabric felt coarse to the touch.
その布は触るとざらざらしていた。
B2 noun/adjective /kənˈstɪtʃuənt/

constituent

構成要素 / 有権者
Meaning
Noun: A member of a constituency or an essential part of something. Adjective: Being a necessary part of a whole.
Example
The senator met with his constituents to discuss local issues.
上院議員は地元の問題を議論するために選挙区の有権者と会いました。
B2 verb /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/

consolidate

統合する
Meaning
To combine things in order to make them more effective or easier to handle.
Example
The company aims to consolidate its market position.
会社は市場の地位を統合することを目指しています。
B2 noun /ˌkɒmplɪˈkeɪʃən/

complication

合併症
Meaning
A problem or difficulty that makes a situation harder to deal with.
Example
His illness led to serious complications after surgery.
彼の病気は手術後に深刻な合併症を引き起こしました。
B2 noun /ˈkɒləni/

colony

植民地
Meaning
a territory or community controlled by another country or group of people
Example
India was once a British colony.
インディアはかつてイギリスの植民地でした。
B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəli/

Continually

絶えず; 繰り返し
Meaning
without stopping; repeatedly
Example
She continually checked her phone for messages.
彼女はメッセージのために絶えず電話を確認しました。
B2 noun /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən ˈmuːvmənt/

Conservation Movement

保護運動
Meaning
A political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.
Example
The conservation movement began in the 19th century to protect wildlife.
保護運動は19世紀に野生動物を保護するために始まりました。
B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

互換性のある
Meaning
Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.
Example
This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.
このソフトウェアはWindowsとMacの両方のシステムと互換性があります。
B2 adjective /ˈtʃiːzi/

cheesy

安っぽい/過度に感傷的
Meaning
tacky, overly sentimental, or cheap in quality
Example
The movie was funny but a bit too cheesy.
映画は面白かったけど、ちょっと安っぽすぎた。
B2 verb /kəˈmɛns/

commence

開始する
Meaning
to begin or start something
Example
The ceremony will commence at noon.
式は正午に開始されます。
B2 adjective /ˈtʃaɪld.laɪk/

Childlike

子供のような; 無邪気で信頼しやすい; 純粋でシンプル
Meaning
innocent and trusting like a child; having the good qualities of a child; pure and simple
Example
She maintained a childlike wonder about the world around her.
彼女は周りの世界について子供のような驚きを保っていました。
B2 verb /kəmˈpɛl/

compel

強制する
Meaning
To force or drive someone to do something.
Example
The law compels citizens to pay taxes.
法律は市民に税金を支払うことを強制します。
B2 noun ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti

cybersecurity

サイバーセキュリティ
Meaning
The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks
Example
Cybersecurity ensures safe digital operations.
サイバーセキュリティはデジタル運用の安全を確保します。
B2 noun /ˈkæt fɪʃ/

Cat fish

ナマズ
Meaning
a freshwater fish with whisker-like barbels around the mouth, commonly found in ponds and rivers
Example
Catfish is often fried and served with rice in Bengali cuisine.
ナマズはしばしば揚げられ、ベンガル料理ではご飯と一緒に出されます。
B2 noun /ˈkɒmɜːs/

commerce

商業
Meaning
the activity of buying and selling goods and services
Example
International commerce has expanded significantly in recent years.
国際商業は近年顕著に拡大しています。
B2 verb /kɜːrb/

curb

抑制する / 制御する
Meaning
to restrain, control, or limit something
Example
The government took steps to curb inflation.
政府はインフレを抑制するために措置を取った。
B2 adjective /kræmpt/

cramped

窮屈, 不快適な小ささ
Meaning
uncomfortably small or restricted
Example
The room was so cramped that we could barely move.
部屋はとても窮屈で、ほとんど動けませんでした。
B2 noun/verb /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

charter

チャーター / レンタル
Meaning
a written document granting rights or privileges; to hire a vehicle or vessel for temporary use
Example
The company decided to charter a bus for the trip.
その会社は旅行のためにバスをチャーターすることに決めました。
B2 noun /kəˈmɒ.dɪ.tiz/

commodities

商品
Meaning
Raw materials or primary agricultural products that can be bought and sold.
Example
The prices of commodities like oil and gold fluctuate frequently.
石油や金のような商品価格は頻繁に変動します。
B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

腐敗
Meaning
dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil
Example
The politician was accused of corrupt practices.
その政治家は腐敗行為で告発された。
B2 noun /kɔːrd/

cord

ひも
Meaning
a long, thin, flexible string or rope
Example
He tied the package with a strong cord.
彼は強いひもで荷物を結びました。
B2 noun /kəˈlɑːʒ/

collage

コラージュ
Meaning
A piece of art made by sticking various materials such as photographs or paper onto a surface.
Example
She created a collage using old magazine pictures.
彼女は古い雑誌の写真を使ってコラージュを作りました。
B2 noun /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

catalog

カタログ
Meaning
a complete list of items, typically arranged systematically
Example
The library provides an online catalog of all available books.
図書館はすべての利用可能な本のオンラインカタログを提供しています。
B2 noun /ˈkruː.əl.ti/

Cruelty

残酷; 非人道的な扱い; 苦痛を引き起こす行動
Meaning
behavior that causes pain or suffering to others; the quality of being cruel
Example
The documentary exposed the cruelty of factory farming to animals.
ドキュメンタリーは、工場式農業が動物に対して行う残酷さを暴露した。
B2 noun kəmˈpet.ɪ.tɪv.nəs

competitiveness

競争力
Meaning
The quality of being as good as or better than others of a comparable nature; the ability to compete successfully.
Example
Competitiveness is vital for economic sustainability.
競争力は経済的持続可能性にとって重要です。
B2 noun kjuːz

cues

手がかり
Meaning
Signals or hints from conversation or environment that help understanding
Example
Facial expressions provide cues about a person's emotions.
顔の表情は人の感情に関する手がかりを提供します。
B2 noun /ˈkʊk.uː/

Cuckoo

カッコウ
Meaning
a bird known for its distinctive call and for laying eggs in other birds' nests
Example
We heard the cuckoo calling from the forest early in the morning.
朝早く、森の中でカッコウの声を聞きました。
B2 verb /saɪt/

cite

引用する
Meaning
to quote; to mention as an example or proof
Example
The lawyer cites relevant case law.
弁護士は関連する判例法を引用します。
B2 noun /kəˈmɪʃənər/

commissioner

コミッショナー
Meaning
an official in charge of a particular department or area
Example
The police commissioner addressed the media about the incident.
警察のコミッショナーは、事件についてメディアに話しました。
B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

化学廃棄物
Meaning
Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.
Example
Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.
化学廃棄物は水域を汚染します。
B2 adjective ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv

comprehensive

包括的
Meaning
Including or dealing with all or nearly all elements or aspects of something; complete and thorough.
Example
A comprehensive study enhances understanding.
包括的な研究は理解を深めます。
B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət əˌdæp.teɪ.ʃən/

climate adaptation

気候適応
Meaning
The process of adjusting to current or expected climate change and its effects.
Example
Climate adaptation ensures resilience to change.
気候適応は変化に対する回復力を確保します。
B2 adjective /kənˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/

Conditional

条件付き; 条件に依存する
Meaning
dependent on certain conditions; not absolute
Example
The job offer is conditional upon passing the background check.
その仕事のオファーは、バックグラウンドチェックに合格することが条件です。
B2 noun /ˈkæməˌflɑːʒ/

camouflage

カモフラージュ
Meaning
the act of hiding or disguising something by making it blend with its surroundings
Example
The soldiers used camouflage to hide from the enemy.
兵士たちは敵から隠れるためにカモフラージュを使用しました。
B2 noun /ˌsɜːrtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

certification

認定
Meaning
the process of officially recognizing or confirming that something or someone meets required standards; an official document proving qualification
Example
She received her professional certification after completing the training program.
彼女は研修プログラムを修了した後、専門的な認定を取得しました。
B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

調整する
Meaning
to organize people or things so that they work together effectively
Example
We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.
私たちはプロジェクトを時間通りに終わらせるために努力を調整する必要があります。
B2 noun /ˈkʌs.tə.mər rɪˈten.ʃən/

Customer Retention

顧客維持
Meaning
The ability of a company or product to retain its customers over some specified period.
Example
High customer retention increases business sustainability.
高い顧客維持率は、ビジネスの持続可能性を高めます。
B2 verb /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

cultivate

栽培する
Meaning
to grow crops or plants; to develop or improve something
Example
Farmers cultivate rice in the paddy fields.
農家は田んぼでお米を育てています。
B2 noun /ˈʃeɪndʒ ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

change management

チェンジマネジメント
Meaning
The discipline that guides how we prepare, equip and support individuals, teams and organizations in making organizational change.
Example
Change management ensures smooth transitions.
チェンジマネジメントはスムーズな移行を保証します。
B2 noun /kəˈmiː.li.ən/

Chameleon

カメレオン
Meaning
a lizard that can change color to match its surroundings
Example
The chameleon changed its color from green to brown.
カメレオンは緑色から茶色に色を変えました。
B2 verb /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

characterize

Meaning
to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something
Example
The author characterizes the hero as brave and selfless.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

批評家
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
映画批評家は監督の最新映画を称賛しました。
B2 noun /kəˈlɪʒ.ən/

Collision

衝突; ぶつかり合い
Meaning
an instance of one moving object hitting violently against another; a conflict of opposing ideas or interests
Example
The collision between two cars caused a major traffic jam.
二台の車の衝突で大きな渋滞が発生しました。
B2 noun /ˈkɒmjʊnɪst/

communist

Meaning
a person who supports or believes in the principles of communism
Example
The communist ideology aims for a classless society.
B2 noun ক্লাইম্যাটিক কন্ডিশন্স

climatic conditions

気候条件
Meaning
The atmospheric or weather patterns of a particular region.
Example
Specific climatic conditions are required for snowfall.
雪が降るためには特定の気候条件が必要です。
B2 noun /ˌkrɛd.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

credibility

信頼性
Meaning
The quality of being trusted and believed in; trustworthiness.
Example
His credibility as a leader remains unquestioned.
リーダーとしての彼の信頼性は疑問の余地がない。
B2 noun /kəmˈpliːʃən/

completion

完了
Meaning
the action or process of finishing something
Example
The completion of the project will take another few weeks.
プロジェクトの完了にはさらに数週間かかります。
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuːzi/

choosy

選り好み
Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective
Example
She is very choosy about the clothes she wears.
彼女は自分が着る服にとてもこだわりがあります。
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.trəˈdɪk.ʃən/

Contradiction

矛盾; 不一致
Meaning
a combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another; inconsistency
Example
There was a clear contradiction between his words and his actions.
彼の言葉と行動の間には明確な矛盾がありました。
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

カラス
Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
カラスは木の枝から大きな声で鳴きました。
B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

陰謀
Meaning
A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
Example
The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
警察は政府を転覆させる陰謀を暴露した。
B2 noun /ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃən/

correlation

相関
Meaning
a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things
Example
Researchers found a strong correlation between diet and heart disease.
研究者たちは、食事と心臓病との間に強い相関関係があることを発見しました。
B2 noun /ˈkɒpə/

copper

銅
Meaning
a reddish-brown metal used for electrical wiring, coins, and more
Example
Copper is a good conductor of electricity.
銅は良い電気導体です。
B2 noun /ˈtʃɒp.ər/

Chopper

斧
Meaning
a tool with a heavy blade for chopping wood; a helicopter
Example
The lumberjack swung the chopper to cut down the tree.
伐採者は木を切るために斧を振った。
B2 adverb /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/

consequently

その結果
Meaning
as a result; therefore
Example
He didn’t study, and consequently he failed the exam.
彼は勉強しなかったので、その結果試験に落ちた。
B2 adjective /kənˈtɛntɪd/

contented

満足した
Meaning
Feeling or expressing happiness and satisfaction.
Example
She was contented with her simple life.
彼女はシンプルな生活に満足していた。
B2 noun /kənˈvɜːrtər/

converter

変換器
Meaning
a device or person that changes something from one form, system, or use to another; a tool that converts data, energy, or materials
Example
The engineer used a converter to change AC power into DC power.
エンジニアは交流電力を直流に変えるために変換器を使いました。
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriən/

criterion

基準
Meaning
A standard or rule used to make a judgment or decision.
Example
Honesty is an important criterion for this job.
誠実はこの仕事にとって重要な基準です。
B2 noun /kəmˈplɛksɪti/

complexity

複雑さ
Meaning
The state of being complex; intricacy.
Example
The complexity of the problem required a team of experts.
問題の複雑さは専門家のチームを必要とした。
B2 noun /ˈkɔːtruːm/

courtroom

Meaning
a room in which legal cases are heard and decided by a judge
Example
The witness was called to testify in the courtroom.
B2 noun /ˈklɪərəns/

clearance

許可 / 承認
Meaning
official permission or authorization; the removal of something unwanted; the distance between two objects
Example
The pilot received clearance to land the plane.
パイロットは着陸許可を受けました。
B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

峡谷
Meaning
A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
Example
The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.
コロラド川は何百万年もかけてグランドキャニオンを作り上げました。
B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

商品
Meaning
A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.
Example
Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.
石油は世界市場で貴重な商品です。
B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

カリキュラム
Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
学校は、デジタルリテラシーのコースをもっと含めるためにカリキュラムを更新しました。
B2 noun /ˈklʌstər/

cluster

クラスター
Meaning
a group of similar things or people positioned close together
Example
The grapes grew in a tight cluster.
ぶどうは密なクラスターで成長した。
B2 noun /ˈkɒmənˌteɪtər/

commentator

解説者
Meaning
a person who reports and discusses events, especially on TV or radio
Example
The commentator described the football match in detail.
解説者はサッカーの試合を詳細に説明しました。
B2 verb /kəmˈpaɪl/

compile

コンパイルする
Meaning
to collect information or material and put it together in a list, report, or book
Example
She compiled the research data into a detailed report.
彼女は調査データを詳細なレポートにコンパイルしました。
B2 adjective ˌkæt.əˈstrɑː.fɪk

catastrophic

破壊的, 壊滅的
Meaning
Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.
Example
Climate change has catastrophic consequences.
気候変動は破滅的な影響を及ぼします。
B2 noun /ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

carbon footprint

カーボンフットプリント
Meaning
The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.
Example
Reducing carbon footprint is essential for combating climate change.
カーボンフットプリントを減らすことは、気候変動と戦うために重要です。
B2 verb /ˈkɑːmpənseɪt/

compensate

補償する
Meaning
to give something to make up for loss or damage; to counterbalance
Example
The company will compensate employees for overtime work.
会社は残業に対して従業員に賠償金を支払う。
B2 noun /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

craving

強い欲求
Meaning
a strong desire for something
Example
She has a craving for chocolate every evening.
彼女は毎晩チョコレートが欲しくなる。
B2 verb /kənˈfaɪd/

confide

Meaning
To tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
He confided his worries to his best friend.
B2 verb /kənˈstrʌkt/

construct

建設する
Meaning
to build or form something by putting parts together
Example
They plan to construct a new bridge over the river.
彼らは川に新しい橋を建設する予定です。
B2 adjective + noun kriˈeɪtɪv ɪɡˈzɪbɪts

creative exhibits

創造的な展示
Meaning
Artistic displays or presentations that show originality and imagination.
Example
The creative exhibits highlighted recycling possibilities.
創造的な展示はリサイクルの可能性を強調しました。
B2 noun ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən

consultation

相談
Meaning
The action of consulting or discussing; a meeting with an expert or professional to seek advice.
Example
Consultation was essential.
相談は重要でした。
B2 adjective /ˈkæθəlɪk/

catholic

カトリック
Meaning
Including a wide variety; all-embracing; relating to the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
She has catholic tastes in music, enjoying everything from jazz to opera.
彼女は音楽にカトリックな趣味を持っており、ジャズからオペラまで何でも楽しんでいます。