C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

担保、ローンの保証として提供される資産

Meaning

Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.

Example

The bank requires collateral for loan approval.

銀行はローン承認のために担保を要求します。

C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

Meaning

to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers

Example

The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.

C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

計算高い

Meaning

acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way

Example

He had a cold and calculating approach to business.

彼はビジネスに冷徹で計算高いアプローチを持っていた。

C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

消費主義

Meaning

The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.

Example

Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.

現代の消費主義は高級品の需要の増加を引き起こします。

C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

腐食性、有害

Meaning

tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people

Example

The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.

この化学物質は非常に腐食性が高く、注意して取り扱う必要があります。

C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

鎖骨

Meaning

either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle

Example

He broke his collar-bone in the accident.

事故で鎖骨を骨折しました。

C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

交差方向

Meaning

in the form of a cross; diagonally across

Example

Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.

安定した火を作るために丸太を交差方向に置いてください。

C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

コンフォーミスト

Meaning

A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.

Example

She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.

彼女はいつも人々に従っていたため、コンフォーミストとレッテルを貼られた。

C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

触媒

Meaning

A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.

Example

His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.

彼のスピーチはコミュニティの変化の触媒となった。

C1 noun /ˈkɒnsəl/

consul

領事 / 大使

Meaning

an official appointed by a government to live in a foreign city and protect its citizens and interests there

Example

The consul assisted travelers who lost their passports.

領事は、パスポートを失った旅行者を助けました。

C1 adjective /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

chivalrous

騎士道精神

Meaning

Behaving in a courteous, gallant, and honorable way, especially toward women.

Example

He was chivalrous, always opening doors for others.

彼は騎士道精神を持っており、常に他の人のためにドアを開けていました。

C1 noun /kæpˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

Captivity

監禁

Meaning

the condition of being imprisoned or confined

Example

After years of captivity, the prisoner was finally released.

長年の監禁の後、囚人は最終的に解放されました。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

宇宙的, 広大な

Meaning

relating to the universe or cosmos; vast

Example

Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.

天文学者たちは宇宙を理解するためにコズミック現象を研究しています。

C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

臆病

Meaning

lack of courage; behavior showing fear

Example

His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.

彼の臆病は彼が発言するのを妨げた。

C1 noun /kənˈspɪrə.tər/

conspirator

陰謀者

Meaning

a person who secretly plans with others to do something unlawful or harmful

Example

The conspirator was arrested before the plan could be carried out.

陰謀者は計画が実行される前に逮捕された。

C1 noun /ˈkɜːr.i liːvz/

Curry Leaves

カレーの葉

Meaning

aromatic leaves from the curry tree used in South Asian cooking

Example

Fresh curry leaves add authentic flavor to Indian dishes.

新鮮なカレーの葉はインディアン料理に本格的な風味を加えます。

C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

公民

Meaning

the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works

Example

Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.

公民は市民としての責任を理解するのに役立つ。

C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl/

categorical

カテゴリー的

Meaning

Absolute and without exception; expressed clearly and directly.

Example

She gave a categorical denial of the allegations.

彼女はその告発に対してカテゴリー的な否定をした。

C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

車輪や歯車の歯

Meaning

A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.

Example

He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.

彼は大きな機械の中で小さな歯車のように感じていた。

C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

騎兵

Meaning

soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback

Example

The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.

騎兵は速さでフィールドを横断しました。

C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

付き添い人

Meaning

An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.

Example

The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.

先生は学校のダンスで付き添い人として行動しました。

C1 adjective /kənˈstreɪnd/

constrained

制約された、無理に作られた

Meaning

appearing forced, unnatural, or restricted

Example

He gave a constrained smile during the awkward meeting.

彼は気まずい会議で強制的な笑顔を見せた。

C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

振付

Meaning

The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.

Example

The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.

バレエの振付は息を呑むほど素晴らしかった。

C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

相殺する

Meaning

to offset or balance the effect of something

Example

Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.

運動はストレスの悪影響を相殺できます。

C1 noun /ˈkɒnɪfər/

conifer

針葉樹

Meaning

a type of tree that bears cones and evergreen needle-like leaves, such as pine or fir

Example

The forest is dominated by conifers like pine and spruce.

森林は松やモミの木などの針葉樹によって支配されています。

C1 verb /klæsp/

clasp

握る / 留め金

Meaning

to grasp or hold tightly; also a device for fastening

Example

She clasped her hands together in prayer.

彼女は祈りの中で手を合わせた。

C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɔːrt/

consort

Meaning

To associate with someone, typically with disapproval; also, a spouse of a reigning monarch.

Example

He was criticized for consorting with criminals.

C1 noun /ˈkriː.dəns/

credence

信頼, 認めること

Meaning

belief in or acceptance of something as true

Example

The witness gave credence to the defendant's alibi.

証人は被告のアリバイに信頼をおいた。

C1 adjective /kənˈspɪkjuəs/

conspicuous

目立つ

Meaning

Easily noticeable; attracting attention due to being unusual or prominent.

Example

Her red dress made her conspicuous at the party.

彼女の赤いドレスはパーティーで目立っていました。

C1 verb /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/

congregate

集まる, 集結する

Meaning

to gather together in a group; to assemble

Example

People congregate in the town square every evening.

人々は毎晩町の広場に集まります。

C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

政治的集会

Meaning

A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.

Example

The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.

党は大統領候補者を指名するために集会を開いた。

C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

親切な; 誠実な; 心からの

Meaning

warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt

Example

She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.

彼女は玄関で私たちに親切な歓迎をしてくれました。

C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

回復中の、病気や治療から回復している

Meaning

recovering from an illness or medical treatment

Example

The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.

病院には回復中の患者のための特別な病棟があります。

C1 noun /ˈkɑːrdəməm/

Cardamom

カルダモン

Meaning

aromatic seeds from a plant in the ginger family, used as a spice

Example

The recipe calls for a pinch of ground cardamom.

レシピにはひとつまみの粉末カルダモンが必要です。

C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

毛細血管

Meaning

Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

Example

Broken capillaries cause dark circles.

壊れた毛細血管は暗い輪を引き起こす。

C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

災害; 大惨事

Meaning

an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster

Example

The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.

地震は恐ろしいカラミティで、何千人もの家族に影響を与えました。

C1 noun /koʊˈɜː.ʃən/

coercion

強制

Meaning

The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.

Example

Cybercriminals use coercion to extract information.

サイバー犯罪者は情報を引き出すために強制を使います。

C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

引用

Meaning

a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author

Example

The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.

研究論文にはシェイクスピアからの引用が含まれていました。

C1 noun, verb /ˈkɒmjuːn/

commune

共同体 / 心を通わせる

Meaning

Noun: a group of people living together and sharing possessions; Verb: to share one's thoughts or feelings intimately.

Example

She went to the countryside to commune with nature.

彼女は自然と心を通わせるために田舎に行った。

C1 verb /kəmˈpjuːt/

compute

計算する

Meaning

To calculate or determine by using a computer or mathematical methods.

Example

The software can compute the total cost in seconds.

そのソフトウェアは数秒で総コストを計算できます。

C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

クリーク

Meaning

a small, exclusive group of people

Example

The students formed a clique that excluded others.

学生たちは他の人を排除したクリークを作った。

C1 noun kənˈfɔː.mə.ti

conformity

順応、適合、従順

Meaning

Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. Behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions.

Example

Strict conformity to the rules ensures order in society.

規則の厳格な順守は社会の秩序を保証します。

C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

クルミネーション. 何かの最高潮、特に長い時間を経て達成されたもの。

Meaning

The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.

Example

The project reached its culmination after years of effort.

プロジェクトは長年の努力の末、最高潮に達しました。

C1 noun /kənˈvʌl.ʃən/

convulsion

痙攣

Meaning

a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscles; a seizure

Example

The medicine helped prevent convulsions in children.

薬は子供たちの痙攣を防ぐのに役立ちました。

C1 noun /krɪˈden.ʃəl/

credential

資格証明書

Meaning

a qualification, achievement, or aspect of a person's background used to indicate suitability for something

Example

She presented her credentials before starting the new job.

彼女は新しい仕事を始める前に資格証明書を提示しました。

C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

触発する

Meaning

To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.

Example

The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.

新しい法律は業界全体で改革を促進した。

C1 noun ˌsɛn.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

centralization

中央集権化

Meaning

The concentration of control and decision-making power in a central authority.

Example

Excessive centralization can slow down decision-making.

過度の中央集権化は意思決定の速度を遅くすることがあります。

C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

Meaning

The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.

Example

The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.

C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

不平を言う

Meaning

to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters

Example

She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.

彼女は最小の不便さについても不平を言う傾向がある。

C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

大脳の

Meaning

Of the cerebrum of the brain.

Example

Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.

大脳機能は思考を調整します。

C1 noun /kəˈθɑːrsɪs/

catharsis

カタルシス

Meaning

The process of releasing strong emotions, providing relief.

Example

Writing in her diary was a form of catharsis for her.

彼女の日記に書くことは、彼女にとって一種のカタルシスでした。

C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

計画経済

Meaning

An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.

Example

In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.

計画経済では、政府が生産と価格を管理します。

C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

彫刻刀

Meaning

a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal

Example

The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.

大工は木を彫るために彫刻刀を使いました。

C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

Meaning

to criticize or punish severely

Example

The teacher chastised the student for being late.

C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

チャンピオン / 勝者

Meaning

an informal word for champion or winner.

Example

He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.

彼はボクシングトーナメントの新しいチャンピオンです。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

認識している

Meaning

Having knowledge or being aware of something.

Example

He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.

彼はプロジェクトを開始する前にリスクに気づいていた。

C1 adjective /kənˈdjuː.sɪv/

conducive

有益な

Meaning

Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible; contributing to or helping to bring about.

Example

A quiet environment is conducive to studying.

静かな環境は勉強に有益です。

C1 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Ceremonial

儀式的

Meaning

relating to or used in ceremonies; formal and ritualistic

Example

The ceremonial dress was worn during the royal wedding.

王室の結婚式で着用される儀式的な衣装でした。

C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

統合する / 混同する

Meaning

To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.

Example

The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.

その記事は事実と意見を混同しがちです。

C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

フランスの城

Meaning

a large French country house or castle

Example

They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.

彼らはフランスの美しい城に泊まりました。

C1 noun /kənˈkʌrəns/

concurrence

一致

Meaning

Agreement or union in action, opinion, or occurrence; simultaneous happening of events.

Example

The project was completed with the concurrence of all departments.

そのプロジェクトはすべての部門の同意のもとで完了しました。

C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

コスモロジー

Meaning

the science of the origin and development of the universe

Example

She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.

彼女は宇宙の起源を理解するためにコスモロジーを学んだ。

C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

無神経な、感受性や洗練さが欠けている

Meaning

lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence

Example

His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.

彼の無神経な発言は会議で全員を怒らせました。

C1 noun ˈkeɪ.dəns

cadence

話し言葉のリズムとトーンの上下動

Meaning

The rhythm and flow of speech with rise and fall in tone.

Example

His speech had a natural cadence that captivated the audience.

彼のスピーチには自然なケイデンスがあり、観客を魅了しました。

C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

裂け目 / 大きな違い

Meaning

a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas

Example

There was a great chasm between the two political parties.

二つの政治的党派の間には大きな裂け目がありました。

C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

コンパクトに

Meaning

In a closely packed or dense manner.

Example

Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.

陽子と中性子はコンパクトに配置されています。

C1 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsns/

convalescence

回復期

Meaning

the period of time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment

Example

His convalescence lasted for almost two months after the accident.

事故の後、彼の回復期はほぼ2ヶ月続きました。

C1 verb /kəˈleɪt/

collate

整理する

Meaning

to collect, arrange, and combine in order

Example

The secretary collated the reports before the meeting.

秘書は会議前に報告書を整理した。

C1 adjective /kənˈɡrɛʃənl/

congressional

議会の

Meaning

relating to a congress, especially the US Congress

Example

The bill received strong congressional support.

その法案は強力な議会の支持を得た。

C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

警告的な

Meaning

serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples

Example

The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.

その報告書は無計画な支出について警告的なメッセージを示している。

C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

コホート

Meaning

Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.

Example

Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.

研究者たちは異なるコホートの健康結果を比較しました。

C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

概念化する

Meaning

to form an idea or concept of something in your mind

Example

The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.

アーティストは展示のために新しいデザインを構想しました。

C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

チャプレン

Meaning

A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.

Example

The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.

軍のチャプレンは戦闘前に祈りを捧げました。

C1 verb /ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

codify

体系化する

Meaning

to arrange laws, rules, or ideas into a clear and systematic code

Example

The committee worked to codify the existing laws.

委員会は既存の法律を体系化するために取り組みました。

C1 adjective /ˈsiːs.ləs/

Ceaseless

途切れのない; 終わりのない

Meaning

continuing without pause or interruption; endless

Example

The ceaseless rain lasted for three days.

途切れのない雨は三日間続いた。

C1 noun /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/

consulate

領事館

Meaning

the building or office where a consul works

Example

He went to the consulate to renew his visa.

彼はビザを更新するために領事館に行きました。

C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

最高潮に達する

Meaning

To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.

Example

Years of hard work culminated in his success.

長年の努力が彼の成功に集約された。

C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

和解的

Meaning

intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing

Example

She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.

彼女は緊張を和らげるために和解的な口調で話した。

C1 adjective /ˈkæn.dɪd/

Candid

率直な; 正直な; 直言

Meaning

truthful and straightforward; frank and honest in expression

Example

I appreciate your candid opinion about the project.

プロジェクトに関するあなたの率直な意見に感謝します。

C1 noun /kəˈmoʊʃən/

commotion

騒ぎ

Meaning

A state of noisy confusion or disturbance.

Example

The sudden commotion in the market drew everyone's attention.

市場での突然の騒ぎがみんなの注目を集めた。

C1 noun /ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/

compilation

コンピレーション

Meaning

a collection of things, especially pieces of writing or music, gathered together

Example

The book is a compilation of his best essays.

その本は彼の最高のエッセイのコンピレーションです。

C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

自己満足

Meaning

Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.

Example

His complacency led to a decline in his performance.

彼の自己満足は彼のパフォーマンスの低下を招いた。

C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

子馬

Meaning

a young male horse, especially one under four years old

Example

The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.

農夫は若いコルトを鞍を受け入れるように訓練しました。

C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

軽蔑的, 侮辱的

Meaning

showing or expressing contempt; scornful

Example

She gave him a contemptuous glance.

彼女は彼に軽蔑のまなざしを向けた。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒnvɛks/

convex

凸状の、外向きに丸みを帯びた

Meaning

curved or rounded outward

Example

The lens has a convex shape to focus light.

レンズは光を焦点を合わせるために凸の形状をしています。

C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

共謀する

Meaning

To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.

Example

The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.

2社は市場で価格を決定するために共謀しました。

C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

コスモスの花

Meaning

a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage

Example

The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.

コスモスの花は夏の風にそよいで、草地を横切っていました。

C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

鑑定家

Meaning

an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine

Example

She is a true connoisseur of fine art.

彼女は本物の芸術の鑑定家です。

C1 noun /ʃəˈmiːz/

Chemise

シェミーズ

Meaning

a woman's loose-fitting undergarment or dress hanging straight from the shoulders

Example

The vintage chemise was made of delicate lace and silk.

ヴィンテージのシェミーズは、繊細なレースとシルクで作られていました。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

百年記念

Meaning

The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.

Example

The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.

学校は百年記念を盛大なイベントで祝いました。

C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

炭素の固定化と長期貯蔵

Meaning

The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.

Example

Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.

森林は炭素の固定化において重要な役割を果たします。

C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

機密に

Meaning

in a confidential manner; secretly; privately

Example

The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.

その情報は2人のマネージャーの間で機密に共有されました。

C1 verb /ˈkælɪˌbreɪt/

calibrate

Meaning

To adjust or mark something so it can be used accurately; to standardize.

Example

The technician calibrated the machine before starting the experiment.

C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

キャッシュ

Meaning

A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.

Example

The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.

ハイカーたちは岩の下に隠された物資のキャッシュを見つけました。

C1 phrase ˌkæt.əˈɡɒr.ɪ.kəl.i rɪˈfjuː.tɪd

categorically refuted

完全に否定された

Meaning

Completely and absolutely denied or disproved.

Example

The claims were categorically refuted by officials.

その主張は公式に完全に否定されました。

C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

高い音できしむ音を立てる

Meaning

to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved

Example

The old door creaked as she opened it.

古いドアは彼女が開けるときにきしんだ。

C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

袋小路

Meaning

A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.

Example

They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.

彼らは静かな袋小路の先に家を買いました。

C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

発癌性の

Meaning

Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.

Example

Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.

加工肉には発癌性の化合物が含まれています。

C1 verb /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛnd/

condescend

上から目線で親切にする

Meaning

to behave as if one is superior while being gracious to others

Example

He would not condescend to answer such a trivial question.

彼はそんな些細な質問に答えることをしなかった。

C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

過酷な試練、溶鉱炉

Meaning

a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures

Example

The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.

チームは競争の過酷な試練を乗り越えて、より強くなった。

C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/

conundrum

複雑な問題やパズル

Meaning

A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution

Example

The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.

倫理的なジレンマは研究者たちを困惑させた。

C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

同国人

Meaning

a person from one's own country or rural area

Example

He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.

彼は国際会議で同国人に会えて誇りに思った。

C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

開始

Meaning

The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.

Example

The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.

卒業式は新しい旅の始まりを意味していました。

C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

複雑な

Meaning

Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.

Example

His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.

彼の議論は非常に複雑で、誰も理解できませんでした。

C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

決定的な; 最終的な; 問題を完全に解決する

Meaning

final; decisive; settling a matter completely

Example

The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.

その証拠は決定的であり、疑う余地を残さなかった。

C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

クエン酸

Meaning

a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent

Example

Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.

果物ジャムの色を保つためにクエン酸をひとつまみ加えてください。

C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrəl/

choral

合唱に関連する

Meaning

Relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or chorus.

Example

The church hosted a choral performance on Sunday.

教会は日曜日に合唱のパフォーマンスを開催しました。

C1 noun /ˌkɑːr.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

cardiologist

心臓専門医

Meaning

A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.

Example

She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain.

彼女は胸の痛みのために心臓専門医に予約を取りました。

C1 verb /ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/

correlate

cardinal

基本的な / 重要な

Meaning

As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.

Example

Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.

正直は人生における重要な美徳です。

C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

隣接

Meaning

sharing a common border; touching

Example

The two continguous houses shared a wall.

隣接する2軒の家が壁を共有していました。

C1 verb /ˈsenʃər/

censure

非難する, 厳しく批判する

Meaning

to criticize severely; to express strong disapproval

Example

The committee censured the politician for his misconduct.

委員会は彼の不正行為に対して政治家を非難しました。

C1 noun /ˈkɒndjuɪt/ or /ˈkɑːnduɪt/

conduit

導管 / 手段

Meaning

a channel or pipe for conveying water, electricity, or information

Example

The cable was placed inside a protective conduit.

ケーブルは保護された導管内に配置されました。

C1 noun /tʃɪt/

Chit

メモ、控え

Meaning

a short note, typically a brief informal letter; a voucher for a sum owed

Example

She left a chit on the table asking him to call her back.

彼女はテーブルにチットを置いて、彼に戻って電話するように頼んだ。

C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

集会

Meaning

a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose

Example

The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.

集会は説教を聞くために集まりました。

C1 noun /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

confinement

監禁

Meaning

the state of being confined or restricted

Example

The prisoner endured years of confinement.

囚人は何年もの間監禁されていた。

C1 noun /ˈkliː.vər/

Cleaver

大きな包丁

Meaning

a heavy knife with a broad blade used for chopping meat or vegetables

Example

The chef used a cleaver to chop the chicken bones.

シェフはチキンの骨を切るために大きな包丁を使いました。

C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

チェッカード

Meaning

Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.

Example

He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.

彼は多くの浮き沈みを経験したチェッカードなキャリアを持っていた。

C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

親しみやすい

Meaning

pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities

Example

They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.

彼らはそのカフェを、会って話すのに適した親しみやすい場所だと感じました。

C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

肉食動物

Meaning

feeding on other animals; meat-eating

Example

Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.

ライオンは他の動物を狩って食べる肉食動物です。

C1 noun /kəmˈpəʊ.ʒər/

composure

冷静と自己管理の状態

Meaning

The state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.

Example

She maintained her composure during the interview.

彼女はインタビュー中に冷静さを保ちました。