clique
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C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

クリーク
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
学生たちは他の人を排除したクリークを作った。
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

音楽作品
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
彼女はオーケストラと共にモーツァルトのコンチェルトを演奏しました。
C1 noun /ˈsɪtrɪk ˈæsɪd/

Citric Acid

クエン酸
Meaning
a natural acid found in citrus fruits, used as a food preservative and flavoring agent
Example
Add a pinch of citric acid to preserve the color of the fruit jam.
果物ジャムの色を保つためにクエン酸をひとつまみ加えてください。
C1 verb /kənˈfleɪt/

conflate

統合する / 混同する
Meaning
To combine two or more things, often confusingly, into one.
Example
The article tends to conflate facts with opinions.
その記事は事実と意見を混同しがちです。
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

同時に行われる、並行する、同じ時間に行われる
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
会議では、さまざまなトピックに関する並行セッションが行われました。
C1 adjective /kənˈvɜːrdʒənt/

convergent

収束する
Meaning
tending to move toward a common point or result
Example
The two rivers have a convergent path before entering the lake.
2つの川は湖に入る前に収束する道を持っています。
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

バール
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
彼は古い釘を取り除くためにクローバーを使いました。
C1 noun /krɪpt/

crypt

地下室
Meaning
an underground chamber, especially one beneath a church, used as a burial place
Example
The tourists explored the ancient crypt beneath the cathedral.
観光客は大聖堂の下にある古代の地下室を探索しました。
C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

影響力
Meaning
influence or power, especially in politics or business
Example
The businessman has a lot of political clout.
そのビジネスマンは政治的な影響力を持っています。
C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

記念する
Meaning
To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.
Example
The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.
その像は、倒れた英雄たちを記念して作られました。
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɑːnt/

confidante

信頼できる友人
Meaning
A woman with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting her not to repeat it.
Example
The queen’s maid became her most trusted confidante.
女王の侍女は最も信頼された友人になった。
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

チェッカード
Meaning
Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.
Example
He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.
彼は多くの浮き沈みを経験したチェッカードなキャリアを持っていた。
C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

圧縮する
Meaning
to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller
Example
The file was compressed to save storage space.
ファイルは圧縮されてストレージスペースを節約しました。
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

チャイナウェア
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
高価なチャイナウェアはキャビネットに展示されていました。
C1 verb /tʃɑːr/

char

焦げる
Meaning
To burn or scorch something so that it becomes blackened.
Example
The cook accidentally charred the steak.
シェフはステーキを焼きすぎてしまった。
C1 noun /ˈkærɪkətjʊə/

caricature

風刺画
Meaning
A picture or description that exaggerates certain features for comic or satirical effect.
Example
The magazine published a caricature of the politician.
雑誌は政治家の風刺画を発表しました。
C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

誠実さ
Meaning
The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.
Example
Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.
彼女の誠実さが仕事を整理されたプロジェクトへと導いた。
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

腐食
Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
鉄のパイプは水にさらされて時間が経つにつれて腐食しました。
C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

クミン
Meaning
A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor
Example
Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.
クミンはインディア料理と中東料理で重要なスパイスです。
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

皮肉屋; 疑い深い人
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
その古い皮肉屋は政治家がただ票を得ることにしか関心がないと信じていた。
C1 noun /kənˈfɛdərəsi/

confederacy

連邦
Meaning
a group of states, people, or organizations united for a common purpose
Example
The southern states formed a confederacy during the civil war.
南部の州は南北戦争中に連邦を結成しました。
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

良心的
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
良心的な労働者は常に高品質な結果を提供します。
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

地図製作者
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
カートグラファーは新しい地域の地図を慎重に描きました。
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

腐食
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
パイプ内の腐食は漏れの原因となります。
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

虐殺
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
戦場は残虐な戦争の後、血みどろの殺戮で満ちていた。
C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

コスモロジー
Meaning
the science of the origin and development of the universe
Example
She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.
彼女は宇宙の起源を理解するためにコスモロジーを学んだ。
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

温室 / 音楽と芸術の学校
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
彼らは温室でエキゾチックな植物を育てていました。
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.ju.əns/

continuance

継続
Meaning
the state of continuing or being prolonged; persistence
Example
The continuance of the project depended on securing additional funding.
プロジェクトの継続は追加資金の確保に依存していました。
C1 noun ˌkæp.ɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

capitalization

資本化
Meaning
The total market value of a company's shares or the provision of capital for a company or activity.
Example
The company's capitalization reached $1 billion in market value.
その会社の資本化は市場価値で10億ドルに達しました。
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/

contiguous

隣接
Meaning
sharing a common border; touching
Example
The two continguous houses shared a wall.
隣接する2軒の家が壁を共有していました。
C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

戦車
Meaning
an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing
Example
The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.
戦士はその戦車に乗って勇敢に戦いに挑みました。
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

微積分
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
微積分は物理学と工学の高度な研究に不可欠です。
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

恐怖で縮こまる
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
子供は雷の間、ソファの後ろで恐怖で縮こまっていた。
C1 noun/adjective /kənˈfɛdərət/

confederate

連邦軍
Meaning
a person, group, or state joined in an alliance or union; relating to a confederacy
Example
The confederate soldiers fought bravely in the war.
連邦軍の兵士たちは戦争で勇敢に戦った。
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

封鎖線
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
警察は犯罪現場の周りにコルドンを設置しました。
C1 verb /koʊks/

coax

説得する
Meaning
to persuade someone gently or gradually to do something
Example
She managed to coax the cat out of the tree with some food.
彼女は食べ物で猫を木からおろすことができました。
C1 noun /kənˈdəʊləns/

condolence

お悔やみ
Meaning
An expression of sympathy, especially on the occasion of death.
Example
She offered her sincere condolence to the grieving family.
彼女は悲しみに沈んでいる家族に心からのお悔やみを伝えました。
C1 verb /klɪntʃ/

clinch

Meaning
To secure or settle something decisively; to grasp tightly.
Example
The team clinched the championship with a last-minute goal.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

徴兵する
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
政府は戦争中に若い男性を徴兵しました。
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

親しみやすい
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
彼らはそのカフェを、会って話すのに適した親しみやすい場所だと感じました。
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

コホート
Meaning
Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.
Example
Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.
研究者たちは異なるコホートの健康結果を比較しました。
C1 adjective /ˈkæni/

canny

抜け目のない
Meaning
Having good judgment, especially in business or practical matters; shrewd.
Example
She made a canny investment in real estate.
彼女は不動産で抜け目のない投資をしました。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

見下す
Meaning
having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
Example
Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.
彼女の見下すような口調は、同僚を怒らせた。
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

純潔; 処女性; 節制;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
多くの宗教的伝統では、純潔は道徳的純粋さの美徳とされています。
C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

交差方向
Meaning
in the form of a cross; diagonally across
Example
Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.
安定した火を作るために丸太を交差方向に置いてください。
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

計画経済
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
計画経済では、政府が生産と価格を管理します。
C1 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈviːn/

contravene

違反する
Meaning
to go against or act in opposition to a law, rule, or agreement
Example
He contravened the safety regulations and was fined.
彼は安全規則に反したため、罰金を科せられました。
C1 noun /ˈkæmi.oʊ/

cameo

カメオ
Meaning
a small but significant role in a play, film, or show, often performed by a well-known person
Example
The actor made a surprise cameo in the movie.
その俳優は映画でサプライズのカメオを果たした。
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

核心
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
問題の核心はコミュニケーション不足にあります。
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

強制的
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
政府は抗議者に対して強制的な措置を取ったことで批判を受けた。
C1 verb /kəˈluːd/

collude

共謀する
Meaning
To secretly cooperate or conspire with others, often for a deceitful purpose.
Example
The two companies colluded to fix prices in the market.
2社は市場で価格を決定するために共謀しました。
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

豊富
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
彼女は講義中に豊富なノートを取った。
C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

担保、ローンの保証として提供される資産
Meaning
Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.
Example
The bank requires collateral for loan approval.
銀行はローン承認のために担保を要求します。
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

協調した
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
労働者たちは状況改善のために協調した努力をしました。
C1 noun /kriːd/

creed

信条, 原則
Meaning
A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.
Example
Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed.
言論の自由は彼の個人的な信条の一部です。
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

治療可能な
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
医者はその病気が治療可能だと確信を持って言いました。
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

車両のシャーシ
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
整備士は車のシャーシに損傷がないか確認しました。
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

心臓の
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
患者は心臓の病状で入院しました。
C1 adjective /ˈkæn.dɪd/

Candid

率直な; 正直な; 直言
Meaning
truthful and straightforward; frank and honest in expression
Example
I appreciate your candid opinion about the project.
プロジェクトに関するあなたの率直な意見に感謝します。
C1 noun /kənˈstɪtʃuənsi/

constituency

選挙区
Meaning
A geographical area whose residents elect a representative to a legislative body.
Example
She campaigned tirelessly across her constituency.
彼女は選挙区で疲れ知らずに選挙運動を行いました。
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

深紅
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
深紅の夕日が美しい色合いで空を染めました。
C1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

centiliter

Meaning
A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.
Example
The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

理解できる
Meaning
able to be understood; intelligible
Example
The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.
先生はそのトピックを理解しやすい方法で説明しました。
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

口語表現
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
その小説は地域の口語表現で満ちている。
C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

Meaning
The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.
Example
The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

犬に関する / 犬歯
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
警察は捜索活動のために警察犬ユニットを訓練した。
C1 noun /kəˈnʌn.drəm/

conundrum

複雑な問題やパズル
Meaning
A complex problem or puzzle without an easy solution
Example
The ethical conundrum puzzled the researchers.
倫理的なジレンマは研究者たちを困惑させた。
C1 noun, verb /klɒt/

clot

血栓
Meaning
a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood; to form such a mass.
Example
The doctor removed a blood clot from the patient.
医者は患者から血栓を取り除きました。
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

輸送
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
悪天候のため、商品の輸送が遅れました。
C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

子馬
Meaning
a young male horse, especially one under four years old
Example
The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.
農夫は若いコルトを鞍を受け入れるように訓練しました。
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

腐食性、有害
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
この化学物質は非常に腐食性が高く、注意して取り扱う必要があります。
C1 verb /kɜːrˈteɪl/

curtail

制限する
Meaning
to reduce or limit something, especially something considered undesirable
Example
The company had to curtail its spending due to budget cuts.
予算削減のため、会社は支出を削減しなければなりませんでした。
C1 noun /kəˈluːʒən/

collusion

共謀
Meaning
A secret agreement or cooperation, especially for an illegal or dishonest purpose.
Example
There was evidence of collusion between the officials and the contractors.
役人と契約者の間で共謀の証拠がありました。
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

袋小路
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
彼らは静かな袋小路の先に家を買いました。
C1 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/

Ceremonial

儀式的
Meaning
relating to or used in ceremonies; formal and ritualistic
Example
The ceremonial dress was worn during the royal wedding.
王室の結婚式で着用される儀式的な衣装でした。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrəl/

choral

合唱に関連する
Meaning
Relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or chorus.
Example
The church hosted a choral performance on Sunday.
教会は日曜日に合唱のパフォーマンスを開催しました。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

cosmopolitan

コスモポリタン
Meaning
familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures
Example
He has a cosmopolitan outlook due to his extensive travels.
彼は広範な旅行のおかげで、コスモポリタン的な視点を持っています。
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənts/

condiments

調味料やソース
Meaning
Seasonings or sauces used to add flavor to food.
Example
Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments for burgers.
ケチャップとマスタードはハンバーガーによく使われる調味料です。
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

自己満足
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
彼の自己満足は彼のパフォーマンスの低下を招いた。
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

力を入れて登る
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
子供たちは洞窟に到達するために岩を登った。
C1 verb /kənˈfaʊnd/

confound

Meaning
to confuse or surprise someone, often by acting against their expectations
Example
The magician's trick seemed to confound the entire audience.
C1 adjective kəʊˈhiː.sɪv

cohesive

結束力のある
Meaning
Characterized by or causing cohesion; forming a united whole.
Example
The team displayed a cohesive strategy.
チームは一体感のある戦略を示しました。
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

同国人
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
彼は国際会議で同国人に会えて誇りに思った。
C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

逆効果
Meaning
Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.
Example
Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.
反生産的な活動は、不満から生じることが多いです。
C1 noun kənˈsjuː.mə.rɪ.zəm

consumerism

消費主義
Meaning
The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.
Example
Modern consumerism leads to increased demand for luxury goods.
現代の消費主義は高級品の需要の増加を引き起こします。
C1 noun /kʌˈstoʊ.di.ən/

Custodian

守衛; 管理人; 監督者
Meaning
a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; a caretaker or guardian
Example
The school custodian ensures that all buildings are clean and secure.
学校の管理人はすべての建物が清潔で安全であることを確認します。
C1 adjective ˌkɑːr.sɪ.nəˈdʒen.ɪk

carcinogenic

発癌性の
Meaning
Having the potential to cause cancer in living tissue.
Example
Processed meat contains carcinogenic compounds.
加工肉には発癌性の化合物が含まれています。
C1 noun /ˌkɔr.diˈæl.ɪ.ti/

Cordiality

友情; 優しさ
Meaning
sincere affection and kindness; warm and friendly behavior
Example
The host's cordiality made all the guests feel welcome and comfortable.
ホストのコーディアリティはすべてのゲストが歓迎され、快適に感じさせました。
C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl

celestial

天体
Meaning
Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
Example
The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.
空にある天体は昨夜はっきりと見えました。
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

コカトゥ
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
白いコカトゥは美しい冠羽を上げました。
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

口語
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
彼の口語表現はスピーチをより身近なものにしました。
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

肉食動物
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
ライオンは他の動物を狩って食べる肉食動物です。
C1 adjective /ˈkɜːrsəri/

cursory

ざっとした
Meaning
Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.
Example
He gave the report only a cursory glance before the meeting.
彼は会議の前に報告書をざっと見た。
C1 noun /ˈkælɪbər/

caliber

カリバー
Meaning
The quality of someone's ability or character; the internal diameter of a gun barrel.
Example
The university attracts students of high caliber.
その大学は高いカリバーの学生を引き付けます。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

腐食性の、鋭い皮肉な
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
彼女の鋭い皮肉な発言は彼の感情を傷つけた。
C1 verb /kənˈkɒkt/

concoct

作る、考案する
Meaning
to make something, especially food or a story, by mixing or inventing
Example
He concocted a story to explain his absence.
彼は自分の不在を説明するために話を作り上げました。
C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

炭素の固定化と長期貯蔵
Meaning
The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.
Example
Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.
森林は炭素の固定化において重要な役割を果たします。
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

一族
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
一族全員が祭りを祝うために集まりました。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

警告的な
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
その報告書は無計画な支出について警告的なメッセージを示している。
C1 verb /kənˈvɜːrdʒ/

converge

合流する
Meaning
to come together from different directions; to meet at a point
Example
The roads converge at the city center.
道路は市の中心で合流します。
C1 noun koʊˈhisɪv ˈjunɪts

cohesive units

結束した単位
Meaning
Groups or organizations that work together as unified wholes, with members closely bound together.
Example
Early humans formed cohesive units for survival.
初期の人類は生存のために結束した単位を作った。
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

譲渡する
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
その国は戦争に負けた後、領土を譲渡した。
C1 noun /kənˈtentmənt/

contentment

満足感
Meaning
a state of happiness and satisfaction with what one has
Example
She felt a deep sense of contentment after helping others.
他人を助けた後、彼女は深い満足感を感じた。
C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

率直
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward
Example
Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.
会議中の彼女の率直さは皆に感銘を与えました。
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

信頼できる友人
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
彼女は子供時代の友人の中に本当の信頼できる友人を見つけました。
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

軽蔑すべき, 嫌悪すべき
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
彼の欺瞞的な行動は本当に軽蔑すべきものでした。
C1 adjective, verb, noun /ˈkaʊntərfɪt/

counterfeit

偽造
Meaning
made to look like something genuine in order to deceive
Example
The police seized a batch of counterfeit currency.
警察は偽札の一群を押収しました。
C1 noun /ˈkæləs/

callus

皮膚の硬化部分
Meaning
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
Example
A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day.
毎日道具を使うことで、彼の手のひらにカラスができました。
C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

累積的な
Meaning
Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.
Example
The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.
ストレスの累積的な影響は健康に害を与える可能性があります。
C1 noun /krʌst/

crust

外皮
Meaning
the hard outer surface of something, especially bread or the Earth's outer layer
Example
He cut off the crust of the bread before eating.
彼は食べる前にパンの外皮を切り取った。
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

コラムニスト
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
コラムニストは気候変動に関する記事を書きました。
C1 noun /ˈsɪvɪks/

civics

公民
Meaning
the study of the rights and duties of citizens and how government works
Example
Civics helps students understand their responsibilities as citizens.
公民は市民としての責任を理解するのに役立つ。
C1 adjective /klænˈdɛstaɪn/

clandestine

Meaning
kept secret or done secretly, especially for illicit purposes
Example
They held a clandestine meeting late at night.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

鎖骨
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
事故で鎖骨を骨折しました。
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

結束
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
チームはプロジェクト全体を通して素晴らしい結束を見せました。
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

最高司令官
Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
大統領は軍隊の最高司令官として務めています。
C1 verb /ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/

confiscate

Meaning
to take something away officially, often as a punishment
Example
The teacher confiscated the student's phone during class.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

軽蔑的, 侮辱的
Meaning
showing or expressing contempt; scornful
Example
She gave him a contemptuous glance.
彼女は彼に軽蔑のまなざしを向けた。
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

契約
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
家主と借家人は財産を維持するために契約に署名しました。
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

対比点
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
彼女の落ち着いた態度は彼の怒りの対比点だった。
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

詰まる / 木靴
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
シンクは食べ物のゴミで詰まっていました。