C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

請求者

Meaning

a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context

Example

The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.

事故後、請求者は補償を申し立てました。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒlərɪk/

choleric

短気な

Meaning

Easily angered; irritable and hot-tempered.

Example

His choleric nature often got him into arguments.

彼の短気な性格はよく議論に巻き込まれました。

C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

カノニカル / 受け入れられた

Meaning

Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.

Example

Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.

シェイクスピアの作品は英文学においてカノニカルと見なされています。

B1 noun ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪts

candidates

候補者

Meaning

A person who applies for a job or is nominated for election; someone being considered for a position.

Example

Candidates undergo a rigorous selection process.

候補者は厳格な選考プロセスを経ます。

B1 adjective /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

cutting

鋭い

Meaning

sharp or severe, often used to describe remarks or actions

Example

Her cutting remarks made everyone feel uncomfortable.

彼女の鋭いコメントはみんなを不快にさせた。

B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

消費

Meaning

The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.

Example

High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.

高いエネルギー消費は電気料金の増加を引き起こします。

C2 verb /kənˈvɑːlv/

convolve

一緒に巻いたり、ねじったりする; 巻きつけたり、絡めたりする

Meaning

to roll or twist together; to coil or entwine

Example

The vines convolve around the tree trunk.

ツルは木の幹の周りを巻きつけます。

B1 noun /tʃɑːrm/

Charm

魅力; 魔法; 魅力的な力

Meaning

the power or quality of giving delight or arousing admiration; a magical spell or talisman

Example

Her natural charm and wit made her popular at social gatherings.

彼女の自然な魅力と機知は、社交的な集まりで彼女を人気者にした。

C1 noun sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv

cemented grave

セメントで作られた墓

Meaning

A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.

Example

The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river.

殉教者のセメントで作られた墓が川の近くで見られました。

A1 adjective /kuːl/

cool

冷たい, 落ち着いた, 印象的

Meaning

moderately cold; calm and composed; fashionable or impressive

Example

She kept a cool head during the crisis.

彼女は危機の中で冷静を保った。

B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

告白する

Meaning

to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge

Example

He confessed his mistake to his teacher.

彼は自分のミスを教師に告白した。

B1 verb /kəˈmɪt/

commit

Meaning

To carry out or perpetrate an act; to pledge or bind to a course of action.

Example

He committed a serious mistake in the report.

C1 noun /ˈkɒb.lər/

Cobbler

靴屋

Meaning

a person who repairs shoes and other leather goods

Example

The cobbler fixed my broken shoes perfectly.

靴屋は私の壊れた靴を完璧に修理しました。

B2 noun ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk ɪˈvents

catastrophic events

壊滅的な出来事

Meaning

Extremely destructive or damaging events that cause widespread devastation.

Example

Cyclones are catastrophic events in Bangladesh.

サイクロンはバングラデシュで壊滅的な出来事です。

C2 noun, verb /ˈkæŋkər/

canker

Meaning

A fungal disease of plants; an ulcerous sore in the mouth; to corrupt or destroy slowly

Example

The tree was infected with a canker that damaged its bark.

B2 noun /ˈkɒŋɡrɛs/

congress

会議

Meaning

a formal meeting or assembly, especially of representatives for discussion

Example

The international congress on climate change will be held next year.

気候変動に関する国際会議は来年開催されます。

C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

親しみやすさ

Meaning

The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.

Example

His congeniality makes him popular among friends.

彼の親しみやすさは、彼を友人の中で人気者にしています。

C2 verb /kəˈriːn/

careen

制御を失って進む

Meaning

To move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way, especially in a specific direction.

Example

The car careened down the slippery road.

車は滑りやすい道路で制御を失いながら進みました。

A1 adjective /kloʊzd/

closed

閉じた

Meaning

not open; shut

Example

The store is closed on Fridays.

その店は金曜日に閉まっています。

C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

大脳の

Meaning

Of the cerebrum of the brain.

Example

Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.

大脳機能は思考を調整します。

C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

巧妙に回避する、または障害や規則を回り道する方法を見つける

Meaning

To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.

Example

He tried to circumvent the security system.

彼はセキュリティシステムを回避しようとした。

B1 noun /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/

cottage

小屋

Meaning

a small simple house, typically in the countryside

Example

They spent their vacation in a cozy cottage by the lake.

彼らは湖のそばの快適な小屋で休暇を過ごしました。

B2 noun ক্লাইম্যাটিক কন্ডিশন্স

climatic conditions

気候条件

Meaning

The atmospheric or weather patterns of a particular region.

Example

Specific climatic conditions are required for snowfall.

雪が降るためには特定の気候条件が必要です。

C2 noun /ˈkriːməri/

creamery

クリーム製造所

Meaning

a place where milk and cream are processed and dairy products are made

Example

The local creamery produces fresh butter and cheese daily.

地元のクリーム製造所は毎日新鮮なバターとチーズを作っています。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒŋɡruənt/

congruent

合同

Meaning

in agreement or harmony; having the same shape and size in geometry

Example

Their values are congruent with the goals of the organization.

彼らの価値観は組織の目標と一致しています。

C2 verb /kənˈdəʊl/

condole

哀悼の意を表す

Meaning

To express sympathy for someone who is suffering or grieving.

Example

Neighbors came to condole with the family after the tragedy.

隣人たちは悲劇の後、家族に哀悼の意を表しに来た。

A2 verb /kənˈteɪn/

contain

含む

Meaning

to have or include within; to restrain or control

Example

This box contains important documents.

この箱には重要な書類が含まれています。

C2 adjective /koʊˈtɜːr.mɪ.nəs/

coterminous

隣接

Meaning

having the same boundaries or extent in space, time, or meaning

Example

The two jurisdictions are coterminous, sharing the same borders.

これらの2つの管轄区域は隣接しており、同じ境界を共有しています。

B2 noun /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/

Conscience

良心, モラル, 内なる声

Meaning

an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior

Example

His conscience prevented him from lying to his parents about his grades.

彼の良心は、成績について両親に嘘をつくのを止めさせました。

C2 noun /ˈkrɪptəɡræm/

cryptogram

暗号文

Meaning

a text written in code or cipher

Example

The detective solved the cryptogram hidden in the letter.

探偵は手紙に隠された暗号文を解読しました。

A2 noun /ˈkælkjʊleɪtər/

calculator

電卓

Meaning

an electronic or mechanical device used to perform mathematical calculations

Example

She used a calculator to solve the complex equation.

彼女は複雑な方程式を解くために電卓を使った。

B2 noun ˌkʌl.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən

cultivation

栽培

Meaning

The practice of preparing and using land for crops or gardening; the action of improving or developing something.

Example

The cultivation of organic crops has increased worldwide.

有機作物の栽培は世界中で増加しています。

B1 noun /ˈkɒtən/

cotton

幸せ

Meaning

A soft white fibrous substance used to make cloth and thread.

Example

This shirt is made of pure cotton.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。

A1 verb, noun /tʃɛk/

check

チェック

Meaning

To examine, inspect, or verify something; also a written order to a bank to pay money.

Example

Please check the report before submitting it.

レポートを提出する前にチェックしてください。

B2 noun kəˈmɪʃ.ən

commission

委員会

Meaning

An official group of people entrusted by a government with a particular function.

Example

The commission recommends constitutional reforms.

委員会は憲法改正を提案します。

C2 adjective /ˌkloʊs ˈhɔːld/

close-hauled

風上に最も近い帆走

Meaning

of a sailing ship, sailing as nearly as possible towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.

Example

The yacht was close-hauled as it cut through the waves.

ヨットは波を切りながら風上に近い方向で進んでいた。

A2 verb /tʃɑːrdʒ/

charge

請求する/告発する

Meaning

to demand payment; to formally accuse; to rush forward aggressively

Example

The store charges extra for home delivery.

その店はホームデリバリーに追加料金を課します。

C2 noun /ˈkoʊ.tə.ri/

coterie

小さくて排他的なグループ

Meaning

a small, exclusive group of people with shared interests

Example

He belonged to a coterie of artists who met every Friday.

彼は毎週金曜日に会うアーティストのグループに属していました。

B2 noun /kɜːrd/

Curd

ヨーグルト

Meaning

a white dairy product made by coagulating milk; yogurt

Example

She added fresh curd to the salad for a tangy flavor.

彼女はサラダに新鮮なヨーグルトを加えて、酸味を与えました。

C2 adjective /kəˈkɒfənəs/

cacophonous

不協和音

Meaning

Producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.

Example

The cacophonous sounds of the city kept her awake all night.

街の不協和音で彼女は一晩中目が覚めていた。

C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

信用しやすい

Meaning

Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.

Example

The credulous child believed every story she heard.

その信用しやすい子供は、聞いた話をすべて信じました。

B2 adjective kɒnˈtek.stju.əl

contextual

文脈の

Meaning

Depending on or relating to the circumstances or setting; context-dependent.

Example

Contextual meaning changes depending on usage.

文脈の意味は使用によって変わります。

B1 adverb /ˈkɑːm.li/

Calmly

落ち着いて

Meaning

in a peaceful way without showing strong emotions; quietly and without excitement

Example

She spoke calmly despite being angry.

彼女は怒っているにもかかわらず落ち着いて話しました。

A2 noun /koʊtʃ/

coach

コーチ

Meaning

A person who helps improve others' skills or knowledge.

Example

The football coach motivated his team before the match.

サッカーのコーチは試合前にチームを励ました。

C2 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːrt/

controvert

反論する

Meaning

to dispute or argue against; to contradict

Example

The scientist controversed the previous research findings.

その科学者は以前の研究結果に異議を唱えました。

C2 noun /ˈkæbəˌlɪzəm/

cabalism

カバリズム

Meaning

The doctrines, practices, or secretive dealings of a cabal.

Example

The historian wrote extensively about cabalism in the royal court.

歴史家は王室の宮廷でカバリズムについて広範囲に書きました。

B2 noun /ˈkʌmbæk/

comeback

カムバック

Meaning

A return to a former status or success after a period of decline.

Example

The singer made a remarkable comeback after years of silence.

歌手は何年もの沈黙の後、見事なカムバックを果たした。

B2 noun /ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

carbon footprint

カーボンフットプリント

Meaning

The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.

Example

Reducing carbon footprint is essential for combating climate change.

カーボンフットプリントを減らすことは、気候変動と戦うために重要です。

C1 noun /kuː/

coup

クーデター

Meaning

a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government

Example

The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.

軍隊は現政権を倒すためにクーデターを起こしました。

C2 adjective /kəˈrɛlətɪv/

correlative

相関的な

Meaning

having a mutual relationship; corresponding

Example

The increase in temperature is correlative with the melting of glaciers.

温度の上昇は氷河の融解と関連しています。

C1 noun /krʌˈsteɪʃən/

crustacean

硬い殻を持つ水生動物

Meaning

an aquatic animal with a hard shell, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps

Example

Crabs and lobsters are well-known crustaceans.

カニやロブスターはよく知られている甲殻類です。

C1 noun /ˈkɜːrlər/

curler

カーラー

Meaning

A small roller used for curling hair.

Example

She used a curler to style her hair for the party.

彼女はパーティーのために髪をスタイリングするためにカールラーを使った。

A2 noun /ˈkæptɪn/

Captain

キャプテン

Meaning

a military officer of middle rank; the person in command of a ship or aircraft

Example

The captain ordered his troops to advance forward.

キャプテンは部隊に前進するよう命じました。

B1 noun /kəˈnuː/

Canoe

カヌー

Meaning

a narrow boat pointed at both ends and moved with a paddle

Example

They paddled their canoe down the peaceful stream.

彼らは穏やかな小川をカヌーで漕いだ。

A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

安い; 低価格

Meaning

low in price; costing little money

Example

This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.

このレストランは安いが美味しい料理を提供します。

B2 verb /kənˈstreɪn/

constrain

制限する

Meaning

to limit or restrict someone or something; to force or compel

Example

The new regulations constrain businesses from polluting the environment.

新しい規制は企業が環境を汚染するのを制限しています。

C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

記念する

Meaning

To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.

Example

The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.

その像は、倒れた英雄たちを記念して作られました。

A1 verb, adjective /kloʊz/ (verb), /kloʊs/ (adjective)

close

閉じる, 近い

Meaning

To shut something (verb); near in space or relationship (adjective).

Example

Please close the door when you leave.

出かけるときはドアを閉めてください。

B2 noun /kɒt/

Cot

コット

Meaning

a small bed, especially a portable one or one for a baby

Example

The baby sleeps peacefully in her cot.

赤ちゃんは彼女のコットで安らかに眠っています。

C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

白内障 / 滝

Meaning

A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.

Example

The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.

その高齢の男性は両目に白内障を患っていました。

C1 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsns/

convalescence

回復期

Meaning

the period of time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment

Example

His convalescence lasted for almost two months after the accident.

事故の後、彼の回復期はほぼ2ヶ月続きました。

C1 adjective /kɔɪ/

coy

控えめな, 内気な

Meaning

reluctant to give details or reveal feelings; shy or reserved

Example

She gave a coy smile when asked about her plans.

彼女は自分の計画について聞かれたとき、控えめな笑顔を見せた。

B2 noun /ˈtʃɒp.ər/

Chopper

斧

Meaning

a tool with a heavy blade for chopping wood; a helicopter

Example

The lumberjack swung the chopper to cut down the tree.

伐採者は木を切るために斧を振った。

C2 noun /koʊˈædʒətər/

coadjutor

補佐

Meaning

a person who helps or assists another, especially in a religious or official capacity

Example

The bishop appointed a coadjutor to assist him with his duties.

司教は自分の義務を手伝うために補佐を任命した。

C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

警告的な

Meaning

serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples

Example

The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.

その報告書は無計画な支出について警告的なメッセージを示している。

A1 verb /kliːn/

clean

掃除する

Meaning

To make something free from dirt, marks, or mess.

Example

She cleaned the kitchen before the guests arrived.

彼女はゲストが到着する前にキッチンを掃除しました。

C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənt/

condiment

調味料/ソース

Meaning

a substance such as salt, mustard, or ketchup that is used to add flavor to food

Example

Ketchup is a popular condiment in many countries.

ケチャップは多くの国で人気の調味料です。

C2 noun /ʃɪˈkeɪnəri/

chicanery

詐欺

Meaning

The use of trickery or deception to achieve a purpose.

Example

The politician was accused of chicanery to win the election.

その政治家は選挙に勝つために詐欺を使ったとして非難された。

C1 noun /krɪpt/

crypt

地下室

Meaning

an underground chamber, especially one beneath a church, used as a burial place

Example

The tourists explored the ancient crypt beneath the cathedral.

観光客は大聖堂の下にある古代の地下室を探索しました。

C2 noun /ˈkɒksweɪn/

coxswain

舵手

Meaning

the person in charge of navigating and steering a boat, especially a racing or small boat

Example

The coxswain shouted instructions to the rowing team.

コックスウェインはローイングチームに指示を出した。

B2 verb /tʃænt/

chant

唱える

Meaning

to sing or recite in a rhythmic way

Example

The monks chant prayers in the temple.

僧侶たちは寺で祈りを唱える。

B1 noun /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/

ceremony

Meaning

A formal event or occasion, often with rituals and traditions.

Example

The graduation ceremony was held in the university hall.

A2 noun /ˈkʊki/

cookie

クッキー

Meaning

a small sweet baked food, usually with flour, sugar, and butter

Example

She offered me a chocolate chip cookie.

彼女は私にチョコチップクッキーをくれました。

B2 noun /ˈkʌlprɪt/

culprit

犯人

Meaning

a person who is responsible for a crime or misdeed

Example

The police caught the culprit behind the robbery.

警察は強盗の背後にいる犯人を捕まえた。

C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

松葉杖, 支え

Meaning

a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help

Example

He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.

彼は足を骨折した後、松葉杖を使わなければならなかった。

A2 noun /ˈkɒf.i ˈmeɪ.kər/

Coffee maker

コーヒーメーカー

Meaning

an electric appliance used to brew coffee automatically

Example

I use my coffee maker every morning to brew fresh coffee.

私は毎朝コーヒーメーカーを使って新鮮なコーヒーを淹れます。

C1 verb /ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt/

correlate

creature

生物

Meaning

A living being, especially an animal.

Example

The forest is full of strange creatures.

森は奇妙な生物でいっぱいです。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒndʒʊɡəl/

conjugal

婚姻の

Meaning

relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife

Example

They enjoyed a long life of conjugal happiness.

彼らは長い結婚生活を楽しみました。

C2 noun /ˈklɔɪstər/

cloister

回廊

Meaning

a covered walk in a convent, monastery, or cathedral, typically with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other.

Example

The monks walked silently through the cloister.

修道士たちは静かに回廊を歩いていた。

C2 adjective /ˈkɒs.ɪ.tɪd/

cosseted

甘やかされた

Meaning

pampered, treated with excessive care and attention

Example

The cosseted child always got what he wanted.

甘やかされた子供は、いつも欲しいものを手に入れていた。

B1 noun /ˈkɒstjuːm/

costume

衣装

Meaning

a set of clothes worn to represent a particular character, culture, or occasion

Example

She wore a beautiful costume for the Halloween party.

彼女はハロウィンパーティーのために素晴らしい衣装を着ていた。

B2 verb /kənˈvɜːs/

converse

会話する

Meaning

to have a conversation; to talk together

Example

They conversed about literature for hours.

彼らは何時間も文学について話し合った。

C1 noun /sɛˈseɪʃən/

cessation

停止

Meaning

The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.

Example

There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.

敵対行為は一時的に停止しました。

C2 adjective /kəˈnaɪ.vɪŋ/

conniving

陰険な

Meaning

secretly scheming or plotting to help in wrongdoing

Example

He is a conniving politician who manipulates people for power.

彼は権力のために人々を操る陰険な政治家です。

C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

綿布

Meaning

textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable

Example

Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.

綿布は夏の衣服に最適です。

C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

振付

Meaning

The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.

Example

The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.

バレエの振付は息を呑むほど素晴らしかった。

C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

概念化する

Meaning

to form an idea or concept of something in your mind

Example

The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.

アーティストは展示のために新しいデザインを構想しました。

C2 verb /ˈkʌzən/

cozen

だます, 騙す

Meaning

to deceive, cheat, or trick someone

Example

He cozened the old man out of his money.

彼は老人をだましてお金を取った。

C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

力を入れて登る

Meaning

to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet

Example

The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.

子供たちは洞窟に到達するために岩を登った。

B2 verb /kəmˈplaɪ/

comply

従う

Meaning

to act in accordance with a rule, request, or law

Example

All companies must comply with safety regulations.

すべての企業は安全規則を遵守しなければなりません。

B2 noun /ˈklær.ɪ.ti/

clarity

明確さ

Meaning

The quality of being coherent and intelligible; transparency or lucidity.

Example

The speaker's clarity made the concept easy to understand.

スピーカーの明確さが概念を理解しやすくしました。

C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

結束

Meaning

The action or fact of forming a united whole.

Example

The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.

チームはプロジェクト全体を通して素晴らしい結束を見せました。

B1 noun /ˈtʃæmpiən/

champion

チャンピオン

Meaning

a person who has defeated all rivals in a competition or fight.

Example

She became the champion after winning the final match.

彼女は決勝戦に勝った後、チャンピオンになった。

B1 noun /ˈkemɪst/

chemist

化学者; 薬剤師

Meaning

a scientist who studies chemistry; a person trained to prepare and dispense medicines

Example

The chemist analyzed the sample to determine its composition.

化学者は成分を特定するために試料を分析した。

C1 noun /kæpˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

Captivity

監禁

Meaning

the condition of being imprisoned or confined

Example

After years of captivity, the prisoner was finally released.

長年の監禁の後、囚人は最終的に解放されました。

C2 noun /ˈkæʒuɪstri/

casuistry

詭弁

Meaning

The use of clever but false reasoning, especially in relation to moral questions.

Example

The lawyer’s argument was dismissed as mere casuistry.

弁護士の主張は単なる詭弁として退けられました。

A2 noun /ˈkɒmədi/

comedy

コメディ

Meaning

A type of entertainment that is intended to make people laugh.

Example

We watched a hilarious comedy at the theater.

私たちは劇場で面白いコメディを見ました。

A2 noun /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/

challenges

挑戦

Meaning

Difficult tasks or situations that test someone's abilities or resources.

Example

Overcoming challenges is the key to personal growth.

挑戦を乗り越えることは、個人的な成長の鍵です。

A2 noun, verb /kɔɪn/

coin

Meaning

A flat piece of metal used as money; as a verb, to invent a new word or phrase.

Example

The government decided to coin a new term for the program.

C2 adjective /ˈkʌvətəs/

covetous

欲張り

Meaning

having or showing a strong desire for someone else's possessions

Example

She gave him a covetous look when he showed his new watch.

彼は新しい時計を見せたとき、彼女は欲しがる目を向けた。

C2 adjective /tʃəˈruːbɪk/

cherubic

天使のような

Meaning

Innocent, sweet, and angelic, like a cherub.

Example

The baby had a cherubic smile that melted everyone’s heart.

その赤ちゃんは、みんなの心を溶かす天使のような笑顔をしていた。

B2 adjective /kɒzˈmɛt.ɪk/

cosmetic

化粧品

Meaning

relating to beauty or appearance; intended to improve looks

Example

She bought a new cosmetic cream for her skin.

彼女は肌のために新しいコスメティッククリームを買いました。

B1 noun /tʃɪl/

Chill

寒さ; 恐れや不安の感情; リラックスする

Meaning

an unpleasant feeling of coldness; a feeling of fear or anxiety; to relax

Example

There was a chill in the air as autumn approached.

秋が近づくにつれて、空気の中に寒さを感じた。

B2 noun ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən

comprehension

理解

Meaning

The ability to understand something; understanding or grasp of knowledge.

Example

Reading improves vocabulary and comprehension skills.

読書は語彙力と理解力を向上させます。

C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

星座

Meaning

a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky

Example

Orion is one of the most famous constellations.

オリオン座は最も有名な星座の一つです。

B2 adjective /kəmˈpoʊzd/

composed

冷静

Meaning

calm and in control of oneself; made up of or formed from

Example

He remained composed even under pressure.

彼はプレッシャーの下で冷静さを保ちました。

C2 noun /sɛnˈtjʊəriən/

centurion

百人隊長

Meaning

A commander of a unit of one hundred soldiers in the ancient Roman army.

Example

The centurion led his men into battle with courage.

セントゥリオンは勇気を持って戦いに臨んだ。

B2 verb /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

characterize

Meaning

to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something

Example

The author characterizes the hero as brave and selfless.

B2 noun /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

catalog

カタログ

Meaning

a complete list of items, typically arranged systematically

Example

The library provides an online catalog of all available books.

図書館はすべての利用可能な本のオンラインカタログを提供しています。

C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tjʊ.mə.li/

contumely

侮辱, 軽蔑

Meaning

insulting or humiliating treatment

Example

He endured the contumely of his colleagues with patience.

彼は同僚の軽蔑を忍耐強く耐えました。

C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

転覆する

Meaning

to overturn in the water

Example

The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.

小さな漁船が嵐の中で転覆した。

C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

詰まる / 木靴

Meaning

to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe

Example

The sink was clogged with food waste.

シンクは食べ物のゴミで詰まっていました。

B1 noun /ˈkæmpəs/

campus

キャンパス

Meaning

The grounds and buildings of a university, college, or school.

Example

The university campus is filled with students during the fall semester.

大学のキャンパスは秋学期中に学生でいっぱいです。

A2 noun/verb /ˈsɜːrkəl/

circle

円

Meaning

a round shape; to move all the way around something

Example

The children sat in a circle.

子供たちは円形に座っていました。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

認識している

Meaning

Having knowledge or being aware of something.

Example

He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.

彼はプロジェクトを開始する前にリスクに気づいていた。

C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

徴兵する

Meaning

to force someone into military service

Example

The government conscripted young men during the war.

政府は戦争中に若い男性を徴兵しました。

B2 noun /ˈkɒləni/

colony

植民地

Meaning

a territory or community controlled by another country or group of people

Example

India was once a British colony.

インディアはかつてイギリスの植民地でした。

C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk/

cataclysmic

壊滅的

Meaning

Relating to or denoting a violent natural event or upheaval.

Example

The war had cataclysmic effects on the nation's economy.

戦争は国の経済に壊滅的な影響を与えた。

B1 adjective /ˈkəʊstəl/

coastal

海岸の

Meaning

relating to or near a coast or shoreline

Example

They built a resort in a coastal area.

彼らは海岸の地域にリゾートを建てました。

C1 verb /ˈkrɪsən/

christen

洗礼名を付ける

Meaning

to give a name to someone at baptism or to name something officially

Example

They christened the ship after the queen.

彼らは船に女王の名前を付けました。