categorical
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C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl/

categorical

カテゴリー的
Meaning
Absolute and without exception; expressed clearly and directly.
Example
She gave a categorical denial of the allegations.
彼女はその告発に対してカテゴリー的な否定をした。
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər kleɪm/

counter-claim

反訴
Meaning
a claim made to rebut a previous claim, often in legal contexts
Example
The defendant filed a counter-claim against the plaintiff.
被告は原告に対して反訴を提起しました。
B1 verb kənˈsjuːmz

consumes

消費する
Meaning
Use up (a resource); eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink).
Example
An individual consumes around 20 kg of plastic annually.
1人の人は年間約20キロのプラスチックを消費します。
B1 noun /ˈkɒtən/

cotton

幸せ
Meaning
A soft white fibrous substance used to make cloth and thread.
Example
This shirt is made of pure cotton.
彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸せを隠すことができませんでした。
C2 verb /ˈkrɪŋ.kəl/

crinkle

しわを寄せる
Meaning
To form small creases or wrinkles.
Example
She crinkled her nose at the strange smell.
彼女は奇妙な匂いで鼻をしかめた。
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

触媒
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
彼のスピーチはコミュニティの変化の触媒となった。
B1 noun /kəmˈpænjən/

companion

仲間
Meaning
a person or animal you spend time with or travel with
Example
He was my companion during the long journey.
彼は長い旅の間、私の仲間でした。
B1 noun /kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/

cooperation

協力
Meaning
The process of working together to the same end.
Example
Cooperation ensures effective problem-solving.
協力は効果的な問題解決を確保します。
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

有罪の
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
裁判官は彼を事故の責任者として有罪としました。
B1 noun /kənˈvɛnʃən/

convention

コンベンション
Meaning
a widely accepted way of behaving or doing something; a formal meeting
Example
The annual writers' convention was held in Dhaka.
作家の年次コンベンションはダッカで開催されました。
A2 adjective /kəˈneɪdiən/

canadian

カナダの
Meaning
Relating to Canada or its people.
Example
She enjoys Canadian culture and traditions.
彼女はカナダの文化と伝統を楽しんでいます。
A2 noun kɒsts

Costs

コスト
Meaning
An amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or obtain something.
Example
Reducing costs improves profit margins.
コストを削減すると、利益率が向上します。
C2 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈluːʃən/

convolution

コンボリューション、複雑な曲線または構造
Meaning
a twist, coil, or a complex and intricate shape or arrangement
Example
The brain has many convolutions that increase its surface area.
脳には多くのコンボリューションがあり、その表面積を増加させます。
B2 adverb /ˈkæʒ.u.ə.li/

Casually

カジュアルに; リラックスして非公式に
Meaning
in a relaxed and informal way; without much thought or preparation
Example
He casually mentioned that he was leaving.
彼はカジュアルに出発することを言った。
A1 adjective /tʃiːp/

Cheap

安い; 低価格
Meaning
low in price; costing little money
Example
This restaurant serves cheap but delicious food.
このレストランは安いが美味しい料理を提供します。
A1 verb /kɔːst/

cost

費用
Meaning
to have a price of; to require payment; to cause loss
Example
This book will cost twenty dollars.
この本は二十ドルかかります。
B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

腐敗
Meaning
dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil
Example
The politician was accused of corrupt practices.
その政治家は腐敗行為で告発された。
B2 noun /kənˈsɛʃən/

concession

譲歩
Meaning
something that is granted, especially in response to demands; a compromise
Example
The company made several concessions during the negotiations.
会社は交渉中にいくつかの譲歩をしました。
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

純潔; 処女性; 節制;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
多くの宗教的伝統では、純潔は道徳的純粋さの美徳とされています。
C1 noun /kəmˈplɪsəti/

complicity

共謀
Meaning
the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
The court revealed his complicity in the fraud scheme.
裁判所は彼の詐欺計画における共謀を明らかにした。
B1 noun /kəˈnuː/

Canoe

カヌー
Meaning
a narrow boat pointed at both ends and moved with a paddle
Example
They paddled their canoe down the peaceful stream.
彼らは穏やかな小川をカヌーで漕いだ。
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

批評家
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
映画批評家は監督の最新映画を称賛しました。
C2 verb /ˈtʃɔːrtl/

chortle

喜んで笑う
Meaning
to laugh in a breathy, gleeful way
Example
The audience chortled at the comedian's witty remarks.
観客はコメディアンのウィットに富んだコメントにクスクスと笑った。
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

巡査
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
巡査は混雑した交差点で交通を指導しました。
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

信頼できる
Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
彼女の説明は委員会を納得させるのに十分信頼できるものでした。
B2 adjective + noun kriˈeɪtɪv ɪɡˈzɪbɪts

creative exhibits

創造的な展示
Meaning
Artistic displays or presentations that show originality and imagination.
Example
The creative exhibits highlighted recycling possibilities.
創造的な展示はリサイクルの可能性を強調しました。
B1 noun /tʃɑːrt/

chart

チャート
Meaning
a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram
Example
The teacher used a chart to explain the statistics.
教師は統計を説明するためにチャートを使用しました。
A1 noun /kɑːrd/

card

Meaning
A small, flat piece of stiff paper or thin cardboard used for various purposes, such as identification, greetings, or playing games.
Example
She handed me her business card after the meeting.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

円形の
Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
子供たちはキャンプファイヤーの周りに円形の配置で座っていました。
A2 noun /keɪdʒ/

Cage

ケージ
Meaning
a structure with bars or wire for keeping birds or animals
Example
The parrot lives in a large cage.
オウムは大きなケージに住んでいます。
B1 noun/verb /koʊd/

code

コード
Meaning
a system of words, letters, or symbols used to represent information or instructions
Example
He wrote a code to solve the problem on the computer.
彼はコンピュータで問題を解決するためのコードを書きました。
C1 adjective /ˈsiːs.ləs/

Ceaseless

途切れのない; 終わりのない
Meaning
continuing without pause or interruption; endless
Example
The ceaseless rain lasted for three days.
途切れのない雨は三日間続いた。
B2 adjective /kənˈtɛmpərɛri/

contemporary

現代的な, 現代の
Meaning
belonging to the same time period; modern
Example
She enjoys contemporary art exhibitions.
彼女は現代アートの展示を楽しんでいます。
C2 noun /kəˈmɛstɪbəl/

comestible

食べられる
Meaning
An item of food that can be eaten.
Example
The picnic basket was full of delicious comestibles.
ピクニックバスケットにはおいしい食べられる食べ物が詰まっていた。
B2 noun /ˈkʌlprɪt/

culprit

犯人
Meaning
a person who is responsible for a crime or misdeed
Example
The police caught the culprit behind the robbery.
警察は強盗の背後にいる犯人を捕まえた。
A2 noun /klʌb/

club

クラブ
Meaning
an organization of people with a common interest; also a place for social gatherings or entertainment
Example
He joined the local tennis club to meet new people.
彼は新しい人々に会うために地元のテニスクラブに参加しました。
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.təmˈpleɪ.ʃən/

contemplation

深い考察
Meaning
The action of looking thoughtfully at something for a long time; deep reflective thought.
Example
She sat in contemplation before making her decision.
彼女は決断を下す前に深く考察していた。
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrətɑː̃/

contretemps

予期しない対立
Meaning
an unexpected and unfortunate event or disagreement; a minor dispute
Example
There was a small contretemps between the two colleagues during the meeting.
会議中、二人の同僚の間で小さな予期しない対立がありました。
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

温室 / 音楽と芸術の学校
Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
彼らは温室でエキゾチックな植物を育てていました。
C2 adjective /kəmˈprɛsəbl̩/

compressible

圧縮可能な
Meaning
Capable of being compressed or reduced in volume.
Example
Air is a compressible substance, unlike water.
空気は圧縮可能な物質で、水とは異なります。
B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

王冠
Meaning
a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority
Example
The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.
女王は戴冠式の際に素晴らしい王冠をかぶっていました。
B1 noun /kənˈkluː.ʒən/

Conclusion

結論; 終了; 判断
Meaning
the end or finish of an event, process, or text; a judgment or decision reached by reasoning
Example
The conclusion of the research paper summarized all the important findings.
研究論文の結論は、すべての重要な発見を要約しました。
C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/

complaisance

従順
Meaning
willingness to please others; courteous compliance
Example
Her complaisance made her popular among her colleagues.
彼女の従順さは彼女を同僚の中で人気者にしました。
C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəti/

callosity

硬い皮膚
Meaning
A thickened or hardened area of skin; insensitivity or hardness of character.
Example
Years of manual labor left callosity on his hands.
何年もの肉体労働が彼の手に硬い皮膚を残した。
A2 adjective /ˈkɒmɪk/

comic

コミカル
Meaning
causing or meant to cause laughter
Example
The movie had several comic scenes.
映画にはいくつかのコミカルなシーンがありました。
C2 verb /ˈkɒsɪt/

cosset

甘やかす
Meaning
to care for and protect in an overindulgent way
Example
The little girl was cosseted by her grandparents.
小さな女の子は祖父母に甘やかされました。
B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

管理された
Meaning
managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits
Example
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
実験は管理された環境で行われました。
B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

Meaning
to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings
Example
They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.
B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

凝縮
Meaning
The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.
Example
Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.
寒い夜に窓に凝縮ができた。
C2 adjective /ˈkɒŋɡruənt/

congruent

合同
Meaning
in agreement or harmony; having the same shape and size in geometry
Example
Their values are congruent with the goals of the organization.
彼らの価値観は組織の目標と一致しています。
B2 noun /ˈkɒl.ər/

Collar

カラー
Meaning
a band of material around the neck; in jewelry context, a close-fitting necklace
Example
She wore an elegant pearl collar to the formal dinner.
彼女は正式なディナーでエレガントな真珠のカラーを着けていた。
C2 noun /ˈkɒkskoʊm/

Cockscomb

雄鶏の冠の花
Meaning
a tropical plant with bright, velvety flowers that resemble a rooster's comb
Example
The bright red cockscomb flowers added vibrant color to the garden bed.
鮮やかな赤い雄鶏の冠の花が庭の花壇に鮮やかな色を加えました。
A2 adjective /ˈkjʊriəs/

curious

好奇心旺盛な
Meaning
Eager to know or learn something.
Example
The curious explorers asked questions about Antarctica.
好奇心旺盛な探検家たちは南極について質問をした。
B2 noun /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

chamber

部屋
Meaning
a large room used for formal or public events, or a private room.
Example
The king held meetings in his private chamber.
王は自分のプライベートな部屋で会議を開きました。
B2 noun /kʌb/

Cub

子グマ
Meaning
a young bear, lion, tiger, or other large carnivorous mammal
Example
The bear cub stayed close to its mother for protection.
子グマは保護のために母親の近くにいました。
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

深紅
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
深紅の夕日が美しい色合いで空を染めました。
B1 noun /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

criticism

批判
Meaning
The expression of disapproval or judgment of the merits of something
Example
The new policy has faced a lot of criticism from the public.
新しい政策は、一般の人々から多くの批判を受けました。
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

協調した
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
労働者たちは状況改善のために協調した努力をしました。
B2 noun /kənˈvɛn.ʃən.əl ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

conventional farming

従来型農業
Meaning
Traditional farming method using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and modern technology.
Example
Conventional farming increases crop production using fertilizers.
従来型農業は肥料を使って作物の生産を増加させる。
B2 adverb /ˈkrɪtɪkli/

critically

重大に
Meaning
in a way that expresses disapproval or a very serious, important way
Example
He was critically injured in the accident.
彼は事故で重傷を負った。
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

争い, 意見の相違
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
二つの党派間での主要な争いは税制改革に関するものでした。
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

星座
Meaning
a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky
Example
Orion is one of the most famous constellations.
オリオン座は最も有名な星座の一つです。
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

巧妙に回避する、または障害や規則を回り道する方法を見つける
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
彼はセキュリティシステムを回避しようとした。
C2 noun /ˈkælvɪnɪzəm/

calvinism

カルヴァン主義
Meaning
A Protestant theological system based on John Calvin’s teachings, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.
Example
Calvinism played a major role in shaping Protestant theology.
カルヴァン主義はプロテスタント神学の形成に重要な役割を果たした。
C1 noun /kəˈloʊkwiəˌlɪzəm/

colloquialism

口語表現
Meaning
a word or phrase used in informal speech or writing
Example
The novel is full of regional colloquialisms.
その小説は地域の口語表現で満ちている。
C1 adjective /kɔɪ/

coy

控えめな, 内気な
Meaning
reluctant to give details or reveal feelings; shy or reserved
Example
She gave a coy smile when asked about her plans.
彼女は自分の計画について聞かれたとき、控えめな笑顔を見せた。
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

同時
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
フェスティバルは国民の祝日と同時でした。
A2 noun ˈsen.tərz

centers

センター
Meaning
The middle point of a circle or sphere, equidistant from every point on the circumference or surface; a place or group of buildings where a specified activity is concentrated.
Example
Centers drive regional development.
センターは地域の発展を促進します。
C2 verb /ˈtʃeɪfɪŋ/

chafing

擦れて痛む
Meaning
To make sore by rubbing; to become irritated.
Example
The rough shoes were chafing his heels.
荒れた靴が彼のかかとを擦っていた。
C2 adjective /ˈkrɒtʃ.ə.ti/

crotchety

不機嫌
Meaning
bad-tempered, easily annoyed, and often complaining
Example
The crotchety old man yelled at the children for playing near his house.
不機嫌な老人は、自分の家の近くで遊んでいる子供たちに叫んだ。
C1 adjective ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs

conscientious

良心的
Meaning
Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.
Example
A conscientious worker always delivers high-quality results.
良心的な労働者は常に高品質な結果を提供します。
A2 verb /kəˈlɛkt/

collect

集める
Meaning
to gather together; to accumulate items
Example
I collect stamps as a hobby.
私は趣味で切手を集めます。
B1 adjective /kəˈlɛktɪd/

collected

冷静
Meaning
calm and in control of oneself
Example
She remained calm and collected during the crisis.
危機の間、彼女は冷静でコレクテッドでした。
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

同棲する
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
彼らは結婚前に同居することを決めました。
C1 adjective /kənˈvɜːrdʒənt/

convergent

収束する
Meaning
tending to move toward a common point or result
Example
The two rivers have a convergent path before entering the lake.
2つの川は湖に入る前に収束する道を持っています。
C2 noun /ˈkɒmɪti/

comity

礼儀、相互尊重
Meaning
Courtesy and considerate behavior towards others; mutual respect.
Example
The meeting was conducted with comity and respect.
会議は礼儀と尊重の精神で行われました。
C1 noun /ˈklɛmənsi/

clemency

寛容
Meaning
mercy, leniency, or forgiveness shown towards someone
Example
The judge showed clemency and reduced his sentence.
裁判官は寛容を示し、彼の判決を軽減しました。
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

無頓着
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
彼は安全規制に対して無頓着な態度を持っていた。
B2 noun ক্লাইম্যাটিক কন্ডিশন্স

climatic conditions

気候条件
Meaning
The atmospheric or weather patterns of a particular region.
Example
Specific climatic conditions are required for snowfall.
雪が降るためには特定の気候条件が必要です。
C1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

centiliter

Meaning
A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.
Example
The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk.
B1 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

compliment

賛辞
Meaning
a polite expression of praise or admiration; to politely praise someone
Example
She complimented him on his excellent presentation.
彼女は彼の素晴らしいプレゼンテーションを褒めました。
B2 noun /ˈsel.ər.i/

Celery

セロリ
Meaning
a green vegetable with long crisp stems that can be eaten raw or cooked
Example
I added chopped celery to the soup for extra flavor.
私はスープにセロリを加えて、さらに風味を増しました。
B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

暗号通貨
Meaning
Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.
Example
Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.
ビットコインは市場で最も人気のある暗号通貨です。
B2 verb /kəmˈplaɪ/

comply

従う
Meaning
to act in accordance with a rule, request, or law
Example
All companies must comply with safety regulations.
すべての企業は安全規則を遵守しなければなりません。
B1 noun /tʃiːf/

chief

首長
Meaning
a leader or person in charge of a group or organization
Example
The chief of the village made an important decision.
村の首長は重要な決定を下しました。
A2 noun ˈkɜːrɪdʒ

courage

勇気
Meaning
The ability to do something that frightens one; bravery.
Example
Courage is essential in the face of challenges.
挑戦に直面したとき、勇気が不可欠です。
B2 noun ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən

consultation

相談
Meaning
The action of consulting or discussing; a meeting with an expert or professional to seek advice.
Example
Consultation was essential.
相談は重要でした。
B1 noun /səˈlɛbrɪti/

celebrity

有名人
Meaning
a famous person, especially in entertainment or sports
Example
The celebrity was surrounded by fans at the airport.
その有名人は空港でファンに囲まれていた。
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

相殺する
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
運動はストレスの悪影響を相殺できます。
B2 noun ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl ˈθɪŋ.kɪŋ

critical thinking

批判的思考
Meaning
The objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a judgment.
Example
Critical thinking helps in making informed decisions.
批判的思考は情報に基づいた意思決定に役立ちます。
C2 noun /ˈkɔːrnɪs/

cornice

コーニス
Meaning
an ornamental molding around the wall of a room just below the ceiling
Example
The elegant cornice added a classical touch to the living room.
エレガントなコーニスはリビングルームにクラシックなタッチを加えました。
B1 adjective /ˈkɒn.stənt/

Constant

一定の; 変わらない; 安定した
Meaning
occurring continuously over a period of time; unchanging; steady
Example
The machine runs at a constant speed.
機械は一定の速度で動作します。
B1 noun /kræft/

craft

技術、工芸、手工芸
Meaning
an activity involving skill in making things by hand; a trade or occupation
Example
She has mastered the craft of pottery.
彼女は陶芸の技術を習得しています。
B1 adjective /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/

Casual

リラックスして無頓着; 偶然の; 非公式
Meaning
relaxed and unconcerned; happening by chance; informal
Example
He wore casual clothes to the party.
彼はパーティーにカジュアルな服を着て行った。
C2 verb /ʧeɪf/

chafe

Meaning
To make or become sore by rubbing; to feel irritation or impatience.
Example
The tight shoes began to chafe his heels.
C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

カナリア
Meaning
a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions
Example
The canary sang beautifully in its cage.
カナリアは自分の檻の中で美しく歌っていました。
A2 noun, verb /kɔɪn/

coin

Meaning
A flat piece of metal used as money; as a verb, to invent a new word or phrase.
Example
The government decided to coin a new term for the program.
C2 verb /kənˈvɑːlv/

convolve

一緒に巻いたり、ねじったりする; 巻きつけたり、絡めたりする
Meaning
to roll or twist together; to coil or entwine
Example
The vines convolve around the tree trunk.
ツルは木の幹の周りを巻きつけます。
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

補完的な
Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
二人のパートナーは補完的なスキルを持っています。
C2 noun/verb /ˈkætˌkɔːl/

catcall

不快な口笛や叫び声
Meaning
A loud whistle or shout of disapproval or sexual harassment directed at someone.
Example
The actress ignored the catcalls from the crowd.
女優は群衆からのキャットコールを無視しました。
B2 noun /ˈkʌt.lət/

Cutlet

カツレツ
Meaning
a small piece of meat, especially veal or lamb, for frying or grilling
Example
She served delicious chicken cutlets for dinner.
彼女は夕食に美味しいチキンカツレツを出しました。
B2 noun /ˈkæt fɪʃ/

Cat fish

ナマズ
Meaning
a freshwater fish with whisker-like barbels around the mouth, commonly found in ponds and rivers
Example
Catfish is often fried and served with rice in Bengali cuisine.
ナマズはしばしば揚げられ、ベンガル料理ではご飯と一緒に出されます。
B2 verb /kənˈsiːl/

conceal

隠す
Meaning
to hide something or keep it secret
Example
He tried to conceal his disappointment behind a smile.
彼は微笑みの背後に自分の失望を隠そうとした。
B1 noun kəˈmɪt.mənts

commitments

約束
Meaning
Formal pledges or promises to do something, especially in terms of obligations or agreements.
Example
Global commitments to renewable energy are increasing.
再生可能エネルギーに対する世界的な約束が増加しています。
B2 noun /ˈkɒn.trɪ.bjʊ.tər/

contributor

貢献者
Meaning
a person who gives something to help achieve a result
Example
He was a regular contributor to the local newspaper.
彼は地元の新聞の定期的な貢献者でした。
C2 adjective /ˈkreɪvən/

craven

臆病
Meaning
cowardly; lacking courage
Example
He was too craven to stand up for his beliefs.
彼は自分の信念のために立ち上がるにはあまりにも臆病でした。
C1 noun ˌsɛn.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

centralization

中央集権化
Meaning
The concentration of control and decision-making power in a central authority.
Example
Excessive centralization can slow down decision-making.
過度の中央集権化は意思決定の速度を遅くすることがあります。
B1 noun /ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/

contribution

貢献
Meaning
A gift or payment to a common fund or collection.
Example
His contribution to the project was vital.
彼の貢献はプロジェクトにとって重要でした。
C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

クミン
Meaning
A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor
Example
Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.
クミンはインディア料理と中東料理で重要なスパイスです。
A2 verb /ˈkʌvər/

cover

カバー
Meaning
to put something over or upon something else to protect or conceal
Example
Please cover the food to keep it fresh.
食べ物をカバーして、新鮮さを保ってください。
B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət əˌdæp.teɪ.ʃən/

climate adaptation

気候適応
Meaning
The process of adjusting to current or expected climate change and its effects.
Example
Climate adaptation ensures resilience to change.
気候適応は変化に対する回復力を確保します。
B2 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

commonplace

ありふれた
Meaning
ordinary or unremarkable; something that is usual or commonly found
Example
Smartphones have become commonplace in modern life.
スマートフォンは現代生活でありふれたものになった。
A1 verb /keɪm/

came

来た
Meaning
past tense of 'come'
Example
She came to the party on time.
彼女はパーティーに時間通りに来た。
C2 noun /kəˈkɒfəni/

cacophony

耳障りな音
Meaning
A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Example
The cacophony of horns made it impossible to concentrate.
クラクションの耳障りな音は集中を不可能にした。
B1 noun /ˈkriːtʃər/

creature

生物
Meaning
A living being, especially an animal.
Example
The forest is full of strange creatures.
森は奇妙な生物でいっぱいです。
B1 noun /ˈklɪn.ɪk/

clinic

クリニック
Meaning
A place where people receive medical treatment without staying overnight.
Example
She went to the clinic for a health check-up.
彼女は健康診断のためにクリニックに行った。
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

肉食動物
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
ライオンは他の動物を狩って食べる肉食動物です。
A2 adverb /kəˈrɛktli/

correctly

正しく
Meaning
in a way that is true, accurate, or without mistakes
Example
She answered all the questions correctly.
彼女はすべての質問に正しく答えました。
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

結合された
Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
チームの共同の努力は成功をもたらしました。
C1 adjective /ˈkɜːrsəri/

cursory

ざっとした
Meaning
Hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed.
Example
He gave the report only a cursory glance before the meeting.
彼は会議の前に報告書をざっと見た。
B2 noun kənˈtrækʃən

contraction

収縮
Meaning
The process of becoming smaller; a decrease in size or quantity.
Example
The economic contraction resulted in a rise in unemployment.
経済の収縮は失業率の上昇を招いた。