subside
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C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

diminuer
Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
Après la tempête, les eaux de l'inondation ont commencé à diminuer.
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

bouillir de colère
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
Elle bouillait de colère après la décision injuste.
C1 noun /ˈsɑːri/

Saree

sari
Meaning
a garment consisting of a length of cotton or silk elaborately draped around the body, traditionally worn by women from South Asia
Example
She looked elegant in her red silk saree at the festival.
Elle avait l'air élégante dans son sari en soie rouge lors du festival.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf ˈraɪtʃəs/

self-righteous

autojustifié
Meaning
Having or showing an attitude of moral superiority; believing one’s own beliefs are the only right ones.
Example
His self-righteous comments made everyone uncomfortable.
Ses commentaires autojustifiés ont mis tout le monde mal à l'aise.
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/

subjection

soumission
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
Le peuple a souffert sous la soumission d'un dirigeant cruel.
C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

escroc
Meaning
a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain
Example
The police finally caught the notorious swindler.
La police a finalement attrapé le célèbre escroc.
C1 noun /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/

stimulant

stimulant
Meaning
A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
Example
Coffee is a common stimulant that helps people stay awake.
Le café est un stimulant courant qui aide les gens à rester éveillés
C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

desserrer
Meaning
to make or become less tight, less active, or slower
Example
The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.
Le conducteur a ralenti sa vitesse en approchant du village.
C1 verb /ˈseɪ.vər/

savor

savourer pleinement
Meaning
To enjoy something completely, especially by dwelling on it.
Example
He savored every bite of the delicious cake.
Il savoura chaque bouchée du délicieux gâteau.
C1 verb /slɪŋk/

slink

se faufiler
Meaning
to move quietly and secretly, often to avoid being noticed
Example
The cat slunk into the room without making a sound.
Le chat est entré dans la pièce sans faire de bruit.
C1 noun sælˈveɪʃən

salvation

salut
Meaning
Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ.
Example
The story revolves around the theme of salvation.
L'histoire tourne autour du thème du salut.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs kwoʊ/

status quo

statu quo
Meaning
The existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues.
Example
The government decided to maintain the status quo until further review.
Le gouvernement a décidé de maintenir le statu quo jusqu'à un examen ultérieur.
C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

rejeter avec dédain
Meaning
To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.
Example
She spurned his offer of help.
Elle a rejeté son offre d'aide avec mépris.
C1 adjective /sɑːrˈdɒnɪk/

sardonic

bonheur
Meaning
Grimly mocking or cynical.
Example
She gave him a sardonic smile after hearing his excuse.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ʃruːd/

Shrewd

astucieux; perspicace; malin
Meaning
having or showing sharp powers of judgment; astute
Example
The shrewd businessman made a profitable deal in the competitive market.
L'homme d'affaires astucieux a conclu un accord rentable sur le marché compétitif.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːr.flu.əs/

superfluous

superflu
Meaning
Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Example
His speech contained too many superfluous details.
Son discours contenait trop de détails superflus.
C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

escroquer
Meaning
to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit
Example
The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.
L'artiste de la tromperie a tenté d'escroquer le vieil homme de ses économies.
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

sitar
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
Le sitar crée de magnifiques ragas dans la musique classique indienne.
C1 noun /skwɔːl/

squall

rafale
Meaning
a sudden violent gust of wind, often accompanied by rain, snow, or sleet
Example
A sudden squall caught the sailors off guard.
Une rafale soudaine a surpris les marins.
C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

bonbon de sucre
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
Les enfants ont adoré manger des bonbons sucrés colorés lors du festival.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

se vautrer
Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
Il se vautra dans la chaise, ayant l'air fatigué.
C1 verb /ʃraʊd/

shroud

envelopper
Meaning
to cover or hide; to wrap in cloth
Example
The mountain peak was shrouded in mist.
Le sommet de la montagne était enveloppé de brume.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

expérimenté / assaisonné
Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
Elle est une enseignante expérimentée avec plus de 20 ans d'expérience.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

de mauvaise qualité
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
L'entrepreneur a fait un travail de mauvaise qualité lors des réparations.
C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

se séparer
Meaning
To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.
Example
Several states threatened to secede from the union.
Plusieurs états ont menacé de se séparer de l'union.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪ.biːz/

Scabies

gale
Meaning
a contagious skin disease caused by mites that causes intense itching
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with scabies after examining the rash.
Le médecin lui a diagnostiqué la gale après avoir examiné l'éruption.
C1 noun /ˈswiːt.miːt/

Sweetmeat

confiserie
Meaning
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
Example
The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival.
Les enfants ont apprécié les sucreries traditionnelles pendant le festival.
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

la possession d'actifs supérieurs aux passifs; capacité à rembourser les dettes
Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
La solvabilité de l'entreprise s'est améliorée après la restructuration.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

stéréotypé
Meaning
Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.
Example
His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.
Ses blagues stéréotypées n'ont pas réussi à impressionner le public.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

saphir
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
La couronne royale était ornée d'un grand saphir.
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

mépriser
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
Il s'est senti blessé lorsque son invitation a été méprisée.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

aveugle; sans vision
Meaning
unable to see; blind; lacking vision
Example
The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.
L'homme aveugle a navigué dans la rue avec son chien-guide.
C1 noun /səˈrɛn.ɪ.ti/

serenity

sérénité
Meaning
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example
Meditation helps in achieving inner serenity.
La méditation aide à atteindre la sérénité intérieure.
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

germer
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
Les graines ont commencé à germer après quelques jours de pluie.
C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

souffrir de chaleur intense
Meaning
to suffer from intense heat
Example
We began to swelter in the midday sun.
Nous avons commencé à transpirer sous le soleil de midi.
C1 adjective /ˈspɑːrtn/

spartan

spartiate
Meaning
showing simplicity and lack of luxury; austere
Example
He lived in a spartan room with just a bed and a chair.
Il vivait dans une chambre spartiate avec seulement un lit et une chaise.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

stratosphère
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
La stratosphère offre un environnement unique.
C1 noun /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

smattering

connaissance superficielle
Meaning
A small amount or superficial knowledge of something.
Example
He has a smattering of Spanish.
Il a une connaissance superficielle de l'espagnol.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

utilisable
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
Le vieux vélo est encore utilisable malgré son âge.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

école de poissons
Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
Nous avons vu une école de poissons près de la côte.
C1 noun/verb /stæmˈpiːd/

stampede

panique générale
Meaning
A sudden, uncontrolled rush of people or animals; to cause a mass movement.
Example
The loud noise caused a stampede of the crowd.
Le bruit fort a causé une stampede de la foule.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

self-indulgence

auto-indulgence
Meaning
The act of allowing oneself to enjoy pleasures or desires excessively.
Example
His weekend of self-indulgence included eating sweets and watching movies nonstop.
Son week-end d'auto-indulgence comprenait manger des bonbons et regarder des films sans arrêt.
C1 adjective səˈblaɪm

sublime

sublime, magnifique, majestueux
Meaning
Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.
Example
The sublime beauty of the mountain landscape took my breath away.
La beauté sublime du paysage montagneux m'a coupé le souffle.
C1 noun/verb /ˈslʌmbər/

slumber

sommeil
Meaning
A state of sleep; to sleep lightly or rest.
Example
The child slumbered peacefully through the night.
L'enfant a dormi paisiblement toute la nuit.
C1 adjective /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/

synonymous

synonyme
Meaning
having the same or nearly the same meaning; closely associated with something
Example
For many people, her name is synonymous with generosity.
Pour beaucoup de gens, son nom est synonyme de générosité.
C1 noun /ˌsəʊʃəˈbɪləti/

sociability

sociabilité
Meaning
The quality or state of being sociable; friendliness.
Example
Her sociability made her popular in the office.
Sa sociabilité l'a rendue populaire au bureau.
C1 adjective ˈsɛd(ə)ntəri

sedentary

sédentaire
Meaning
Characterized by much sitting and little physical activity.
Example
A sedentary lifestyle can lead to numerous health problems.
Un mode de vie sédentaire peut entraîner de nombreux problèmes de santé.
C1 noun /ˈskælpəl/

scalpel

scalpel
Meaning
A small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery and dissection.
Example
The surgeon carefully used a scalpel to make the first incision.
Le chirurgien a soigneusement utilisé un scalpel pour faire la première incision.
C1 noun /sɪˈsɛʃən/

secession

sécession
Meaning
The action of formally withdrawing from membership of a federation or body.
Example
The secession of the southern states led to the Civil War.
La sécession des états du sud a conduit à la guerre civile.
C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

subsistance ou alimentation
Meaning
Food or support necessary for sustaining life
Example
Water is essential for human sustenance.
L'eau est essentielle à la subsistance humaine.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

auto-affirmation
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
L'auto-affirmation quotidienne peut augmenter votre confiance.
C1 verb /ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/

streamlining

rationalisation
Meaning
The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Example
Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs.
La rationalisation des processus peut réduire considérablement les coûts opérationnels.
C1 verb /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/

scrutinize

examiner ou inspecter de près et en profondeur
Meaning
Examine or inspect closely and thoroughly.
Example
The scientist scrutinized the data before publishing his findings.
Le scientifique a scruté les données avant de publier ses conclusions.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛr.aɪl/

sterile

stérile
Meaning
Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; incapable of producing offspring.
Example
The surgeon worked in a sterile environment to avoid infection.
Le chirurgien a travaillé dans un environnement stérile pour éviter l'infection.
C1 noun /sleɪ/

sleigh

traîneau
Meaning
A vehicle pulled by horses or reindeer over snow or ice.
Example
Children were excited to ride in the sleigh through the snowy village.
Les enfants étaient excités de monter dans le traîneau à travers le village enneigé.
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

souverain, suprême
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
Le gouvernement souverain a le contrôle de sa monnaie.
C1 noun /ˈstæl.i.ən/

stallion

étalon pour la reproduction
Meaning
An adult male horse that is not castrated, often used for breeding.
Example
The farm owns a powerful stallion for breeding purposes.
La ferme possède un puissant étalon pour la reproduction.
C1 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/

Supersonic

plus rapide que la vitesse du son; lié aux vitesses supérieures à celle du son
Meaning
faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound
Example
The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier.
Le jet supersonique a franchi le mur du son.
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

solidifier
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
L'entreprise a solidifié sa position sur le marché.
C1 noun /spæt/

spat

dispute mineure
Meaning
a short, petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a brief spat about who should do the dishes.
Ils ont eu une petite dispute sur qui devait faire la vaisselle.
C1 noun /sɪˈkriː.ʃən/

Secretion

sécrétion
Meaning
a process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell or gland
Example
Insulin secretion is crucial for blood sugar regulation.
La sécrétion d'insuline est cruciale pour la régulation de la glycémie.
C1 noun /ˈsʌtlti/

subtlety

subtilité
Meaning
The quality or state of being subtle.
Example
She understood the subtlety of the situation.
Elle comprit la subtilité de la situation.
C1 verb /sərˈpæs/

surpass

dépasser
Meaning
to exceed or go beyond
Example
Her performance surpassed all expectations.
Sa performance a dépassé toutes les attentes.
C1 noun /ˈspɛktər/

specter

spectre
Meaning
A ghost or spirit; something that causes fear or dread.
Example
The specter of war still haunts the region.
Le spectre de la guerre hante toujours la région.
C1 verb /səbˈsɪst/

subsist

subsister
Meaning
To maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.
Example
Many villagers still subsist on fishing and farming.
Beaucoup de villageois subsistent encore grâce à la pêche et à l'agriculture.
C1 noun ˌsteɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

stabilization

stabilisation
Meaning
The process of making or becoming stable.
Example
The stabilization of the structure was essential after the earthquake.
La stabilisation de la structure était essentielle après le tremblement de terre.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌltri/

sultry

chaud et humide, attrayant
Meaning
Uncomfortably hot and humid; also describes someone attractive in a passionate or sensual way.
Example
The sultry weather made it hard to focus on work.
Le temps chaud et humide rendait difficile de se concentrer sur le travail.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈplɪstɪk/

simplistic

trop simplifié
Meaning
treating complex issues as if they were much simpler than they really are
Example
His explanation was too simplistic and ignored key details.
Son explication était trop simplifiée et ignorait des détails clés.
C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

stoïcisme
Meaning
The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.
Example
His stoicism during hardship was admirable.
Son stoïcisme pendant les épreuves était admirable.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

serein et paisible
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Le lac avait une atmosphère sereine et paisible.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈstɜː.lɪŋ/

sterling

monnaie britannique / excellent
Meaning
British money, especially pounds; of excellent quality.
Example
She was praised for her sterling work on the project.
Elle a été félicitée pour son excellent travail sur le projet.
C1 noun ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈseɪvɪŋz

systematic savings

économies systématiques
Meaning
A structured and organized approach to regularly saving money according to a planned schedule
Example
Systematic savings can mitigate financial crises in old age.
Les économies systématiques peuvent atténuer les crises financières à un âge avancé.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

stoïque, implacable
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Elle est restée stoïque pendant la crise, sans montrer de peur ni de panique.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

bonheur
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher sa joie lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /ˈstæɡ.neɪt/

stagnate

stagner
Meaning
to stop developing, progressing, or moving
Example
Without innovation, the business will stagnate.
sans innovation, l'entreprise stagnnera.
C1 noun, verb /strænd/

strand

fil / bloqué
Meaning
Noun: A single thin length of thread, wire, or similar. Verb: To leave someone or something without a way of moving or leaving.
Example
The storm stranded many tourists on the island.
La tempête a laissé de nombreux touristes bloqués sur l'île.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪfl/

stifle

réprimer
Meaning
to prevent or restrain an action, idea, or emotion; to suffocate
Example
She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting.
Elle a essayé de réprimer un rire pendant la réunion sérieuse.
C1 noun ˈsɛlfləsnɪs

selflessness

altruisme
Meaning
The quality of being concerned more with the needs of others than with one's own.
Example
Selflessness is a key value for community building.
L'altruisme est une valeur clé pour la construction de la communauté.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪtəs/

serendipitous

chanceux et inattendu
Meaning
Occurring or discovered by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Their meeting at the café was purely serendipitous.
Leur rencontre au café était totalement chanceuse.
C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

subversif
Meaning
seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority
Example
The group was banned for its subversive activities.
Le groupe a été interdit pour ses activités subversives.
C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

supplanter
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
Les plateformes numériques ont supplanté les journaux traditionnels.
C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

subsistance
Meaning
The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.
Example
Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.
De nombreux agriculteurs dépendent de l'agriculture de subsistance.
C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

statisticien
Meaning
A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
Example
The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.
Le statisticien a présenté les résultats du sondage avec grande clarté.
C1 adjective /səbˈmɪs.ɪv/

Submissive

soumis; obéissant; humble
Meaning
ready to obey others; yielding to authority; humble and compliant
Example
She became submissive after years of harsh treatment.
Elle est devenue soumise après des années de traitement sévère.
C1 noun /səbˈmɪtəl/

submittal

soumission
Meaning
the act of submitting something, especially a document for consideration or approval
Example
The contractor sent the submittal to the client for approval.
L'entrepreneur a envoyé la soumission au client pour approbation.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrpənˌtiːn/

serpentine

serpentin
Meaning
Having the shape, movement, or qualities of a serpent; winding or twisting.
Example
The road took a serpentine path through the mountains.
La route suivait un chemin serpentin à travers les montagnes.
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

épongeux
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
Le gâteau avait une texture légère et spongieuse.
C1 verb /struː/

strew

répandre
Meaning
to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area
Example
Clothes were strewn across the floor.
Les vêtements étaient éparpillés sur le sol.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /ʃæm/

sham

supercherie
Meaning
something that is not what it appears to be; a false or fake thing; to pretend
Example
The deal turned out to be a sham.
L'accord s'est avéré être une supercherie.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

spatial
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
Le scientifique a étudié l'agencement spatial des étoiles.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.ɚ.dʒaɪz

synergize

synergiser, combiner de manière à améliorer l'efficacité.
Meaning
combine in such a way as to enhance effectiveness.
Example
The departments must synergize to improve efficiency.
Les départements doivent synergie pour améliorer l'efficacité.
C1 adjective /sɔɪld/

soiled

sale
Meaning
dirty or stained; not clean
Example
His clothes were soiled after playing in the mud.
Ses vêtements étaient sales après avoir joué dans la boue.
C1 noun /ˈslændər/

Slander

calomnie
Meaning
the action of making false spoken statements damaging to someone's reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for slander.
Le politicien a poursuivi le journal pour calomnie.
C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

schiste
Meaning
a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers
Example
The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.
La région est riche en schiste et en dépôts de gaz naturel.
C1 adjective /ˈskɛtʃi/

sketchy

incomplet
Meaning
not thorough or detailed; suspicious or unsafe
Example
The details of the project were still sketchy.
Les détails du projet étaient encore incomplets.
C1 verb /ˈstɪntɪŋ/

stinting

donner avec parcimonie
Meaning
to supply sparingly or with restrictions
Example
He never stinting his efforts to help the poor.
Il ne fait jamais de restrictions dans ses efforts pour aider les pauvres.
C1 adjective/noun /ˈsʌkjələnt/

succulent

juteux
Meaning
Juicy or full of juice; also refers to a plant with thick, fleshy leaves adapted to storing water.
Example
The steak was so succulent that everyone enjoyed it.
Le steak était tellement juteux que tout le monde l'a apprécié.
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

ridé
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
Les fleurs se sont ridées sous le soleil chaud.
C1 noun stɔːrm ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

storm intensification

intensification de la tempête
Meaning
The process by which storms become stronger and more severe in intensity.
Example
Storm intensification is linked to climate change.
L'intensification de la tempête est liée au changement climatique.
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪn.ləs/

Spineless

sans courage; de volonté faible; lâche
Meaning
lacking courage or determination; weak-willed
Example
He was too spineless to stand up for his beliefs.
Il était trop sans colonne vertébrale pour défendre ses croyances.
C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

suppression
Meaning
the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions
Example
The suppression of free speech led to protests.
La suppression de la liberté d'expression a conduit à des manifestations.
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

isolement
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
Elle a passé le week-end en complète isolement dans sa cabine.
C1 verb /səˈkʌm/

succumb

céder
Meaning
To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.
Example
He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
Il a finalement succombé à sa maladie après une longue lutte.
C1 adjective /ˈsek.j ə.l ər/

Secular

laïque
Meaning
not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
Example
The country maintains a secular government that separates religion from politics.
Le pays maintient un gouvernement laïque qui sépare la religion de la politique.
C1 verb ˈsɪŋ.krə.naɪz

synchronize

synchroniser
Meaning
To coordinate in time; to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.
Example
The dancers need to synchronize their movements.
Les danseurs doivent synchroniser leurs mouvements.
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

immersion
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
L'immersion des zones côtières est une préoccupation majeure en raison de l'élévation du niveau de la mer.
C1 noun /ˈstɔːrhaʊs/

storehouse

entrepôt
Meaning
A place where goods, supplies, or valuables are stored; a repository
Example
The warehouse acted as a storehouse for all the imported goods.
L'entrepôt servait de storehouse pour tous les produits importés.
C1 noun /ˈsɛdətɪv/

sedative

sédatif
Meaning
A substance that calms the nerves or induces sleep.
Example
The doctor prescribed a sedative to help the patient sleep.
Le médecin a prescrit un sédatif pour aider le patient à dormir.
C1 adjective /ˈswɛltərɪŋ/

sweltering

accablant
Meaning
uncomfortably hot
Example
The sweltering heat made it hard to work.
La chaleur accablante rendait le travail difficile.
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

se promener lentement
Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
Nous avons flâné le long de la rivière, nous arrêtant de temps en temps pour observer les bateaux.
C1 verb /səbˈvɜːrt/

subvert

renverser
Meaning
to undermine or overthrow an established system, authority, or institution
Example
The rebels tried to subvert the government.
Les rebelles ont essayé de renverser le gouvernement.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

plein de graines; sale et dégradant; en mauvais état
Meaning
squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds
Example
They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.
Ils évitaient de marcher dans la partie sale et dégradante de la ville la nuit.
C1 adjective /ˈsæljʊˌtɛri/

salutary

salutaire
Meaning
Producing good effects; beneficial, especially after something unpleasant.
Example
The accident was a salutary reminder to drive carefully.
L'accident a été un rappel salutaire de conduire prudemment.
C1 adjective ˌsɪmbɪˈɒtɪk

symbiotic

symbiotique
Meaning
Involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
Example
The relationship between the bee and the flower is symbiotic.
La relation entre l'abeille et la fleur est symbiotique.
C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

tamis / examiner soigneusement
Meaning
to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely
Example
She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.
Elle tamisait la farine avant de l'ajouter au mélange de gâteau.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

souterrain
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
Les sources d'eau souterraines aident à soutenir l'agriculture.
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

cabane
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
Le pêcheur vivait dans une petite cabane près de la plage.
C1 noun səˌsɛp.təˈbɪl.ə.ti

susceptibility

sensibilité
Meaning
The quality of being likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing; vulnerability.
Example
High susceptibility to infections requires extra care.
Une susceptibilité élevée aux infections nécessite des soins supplémentaires.
C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

surmonter
Meaning
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
Example
He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.
Il a surmonté tous les défis pour atteindre son rêve.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

synthétiser, combiner, présenter de manière cohérente
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
Il excelle à synthétiser des idées provenant de différentes sources.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

éclat
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Il s'est coupé le doigt avec un éclat de verre.