stifle
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C1 verb /ˈstaɪfl/

stifle

réprimer
Meaning
to prevent or restrain an action, idea, or emotion; to suffocate
Example
She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting.
Elle a essayé de réprimer un rire pendant la réunion sérieuse.
C1 verb /ɪmˈplɔːr/

implore

implorer
Meaning
To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something.
Example
She implored him to stay with her.
Elle lui implora de rester avec elle.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜːməri/

infirmary

infirmerie
Meaning
A hospital or place where the sick or injured are cared for.
Example
The school had an infirmary for minor injuries.
L'école avait une infirmerie pour les blessures mineures.
C1 adjective /juːˈfɔːrɪk/

euphoric

euphorique
Meaning
Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.
Example
The fans were euphoric after their team's victory.
Les fans étaient euphorique après la victoire de leur équipe.
C1 noun ˌriːˈstrʌk.tʃər.ɪŋ

restructuring

réorganisation
Meaning
The action of organizing something differently.
Example
The company underwent restructuring to improve efficiency.
L'entreprise a subi une réorganisation pour améliorer son efficacité.
C1 noun /rɪˌsɛptɪˈvɪti/

receptivity

réceptivité
Meaning
The ability or willingness to receive something, especially signals or stimuli.
Example
Her receptivity to new ideas helped improve the project.
Sa réceptivité aux nouvelles idées a contribué à améliorer le projet.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.ɡɪʤ/

Mortgage

hypothèque
Meaning
a legal agreement by which a bank lends money to buy property
Example
They took out a mortgage to buy their first house.
Ils ont pris une hypothèque pour acheter leur première maison.
C1 noun /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/

Mongoose

mangouste
Meaning
a small carnivorous mammal known for its ability to kill venomous snakes
Example
The mongoose quickly attacked the cobra to protect its young.
La mangouste a attaqué rapidement le cobra pour protéger ses petits.
C1 noun /baʊt/

Bout

combat; lutte; période;
Meaning
a short period of intense activity of a specified kind; a wrestling or boxing match
Example
After a bout of illness, she finally recovered and returned to work.
Après une période de maladie, elle s'est finalement rétablie et est retournée au travail.
C1 noun /ˌtɛknɪˈkæləti/

technicality

technicalité
Meaning
A small detail of law, rule, or procedure; a minor point that affects an outcome.
Example
The case was dismissed on a technicality.
L'affaire a été rejetée pour une question de technicité.
C1 verb /kənˈsaɪn/

consign

consigner
Meaning
to deliver something to a person or place, often for selling or safekeeping
Example
He consigned the package to the shipping company.
Il a consigné le paquet à la société de transport.
C1 noun /ˈprɒv.ɜːb/

Proverb

bonheur
Meaning
a short saying that expresses a general truth or gives advice
Example
The proverb 'Early to bed, early to rise' teaches us about good habits.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈwer.i/

Wary

prudent; méfiant
Meaning
cautious; careful to avoid danger or problems
Example
She was wary of strangers approaching her at night.
Elle était méfiante des inconnus qui s'approchaient d'elle la nuit.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

étirer
Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
La famille a essayé de faire durer ses économies pendant les mois difficiles.
C1 noun ˌsɛlf.rɪˈstreɪnt

self-restraint

autocontrôle
Meaning
The practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically an impulse or desire.
Example
Practicing self-restraint helps in avoiding impulsive decisions.
Pratiquer l'autocontrôle aide à éviter les décisions impulsives.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

indiscriminé
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
L'utilisation indiscriminée de pesticides nuit à l'environnement.
C1 verb ˈflʌk.tʃu.eɪt

fluctuate

fluctuer
Meaning
To regularly increase or decrease.
Example
Stock prices fluctuate due to market conditions.
Les prix des actions fluctuent en raison des conditions du marché.
C1 adjective, verb /ˈeɪlɪŋ/

ailing

malade
Meaning
suffering from illness or poor health; experiencing problems or decline
Example
The ailing patient slowly began to recover after treatment.
Le patient malade a commencé à se rétablir lentement après le traitement.
C1 noun /ˈblɛm.ɪʃ/

blemish

imperfection
Meaning
A small mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something.
Example
The mirror had a small blemish on the surface.
Le miroir avait une petite imperfection sur la surface.
C1 noun /trækt/

tract

terrain
Meaning
an area of land; a system of organs in the body; a written pamphlet
Example
The forest tract was preserved as a wildlife sanctuary.
Le terrain forestier a été préservé en tant que sanctuaire pour la faune.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/

invasive

invasif
Meaning
Tending to spread harmfully, intruding aggressively, or encroaching beyond proper boundaries.
Example
The doctor explained that the procedure was minimally invasive.
Le médecin a expliqué que la procédure était peu invasive.
C1 adjective /ˈpruː.dənt/

Prudent

prudent; sage; prudent;
Meaning
wise; careful; cautious;
Example
It's prudent to save money for the future.
Il est prudent d'économiser de l'argent pour l'avenir.
C1 adjective /ʌlˈtɪəriər/

ulterior

motif caché
Meaning
hidden or secret, often with a selfish motive
Example
He invited her with an ulterior motive.
Il l'a invitée avec un motif caché.
C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

critiquer sévèrement / punir sévèrement
Meaning
to criticize or punish severely
Example
The teacher chastised the student for being late.
Le professeur a sévèrement réprimandé l'étudiant pour son retard.
C1 noun /ˈkænən/

canon

canon
Meaning
A general law, rule, principle, or collection of sacred books accepted as genuine.
Example
The book is now considered part of the literary canon.
Le livre est désormais considéré comme faisant partie du canon littéraire.
C1 adjective /ˈɡɔːri/

gory

sanglant
Meaning
involving or showing a lot of bloodshed and violence
Example
The movie was too gory for children.
Le film était trop sanglant pour les enfants.
C1 adjective /ˈdɑːsəl/ or /ˈdəʊsaɪl/

docile

docile
Meaning
easily managed, taught, or controlled; submissive
Example
The docile puppy quickly learned new tricks.
Le chiot docile a rapidement appris de nouveaux tours.
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

fissure / grande différence
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
Il y avait une grande fissure entre les deux partis politiques.
C1 noun kəˈlæt.ər.əl

collateral

garantie, bien offert comme sécurité pour un prêt
Meaning
Something pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event of a default.
Example
The bank requires collateral for loan approval.
La banque exige une garantie pour l'approbation du prêt.
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

prospecteur minier
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
Le prospecteur a passé des années dans les montagnes à chercher de l'or.
C1 noun /fɪˈziːk/

physique

physique
Meaning
the form, size, and development of a person's body
Example
He has an athletic physique due to years of training.
Il a une silhouette athlétique grâce à des années d'entraînement.
C1 adjective ˌnɒnˈvɜːr.bəl

nonverbal

non verbal
Meaning
Communication using body language, facial expressions, or gestures instead of words
Example
Nonverbal cues play a crucial role in effective communication.
Les indices non verbaux jouent un rôle crucial dans la communication efficace.
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

culbuter
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
Le petit bateau de pêche s'est renversé pendant la tempête.
C1 noun (plural of fungus) /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/

fungi

champignon
Meaning
a group of spore-producing organisms such as mushrooms, molds, and yeasts
Example
Fungi play an important role in breaking down organic matter in nature.
Les champignons jouent un rôle important dans la dégradation de la matière organique dans la nature.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

entre les étoiles, interstellaire, cosmique
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
Les scientifiques étudient les possibilités de voyages interstellaires.
C1 noun /ˈmædʒɪstreɪt/

magistrate

magistrat
Meaning
A civil officer who administers the law, often with limited judicial authority.
Example
The magistrate presided over the minor criminal case.
Le magistrat a présidé l'affaire criminelle mineure.
C1 noun /ˈtaɪ.rənt/

Tyrant

tyran
Meaning
a cruel and oppressive ruler; a person who exercises power in a harsh manner
Example
The people rebelled against the cruel tyrant.
Le peuple s'est rebellé contre le tyran cruel.
C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

susceptible ou vulnérable à être influencé ou endommagé par quelque chose de particulier
Meaning
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Example
Children are more susceptible to infections.
Les enfants sont plus susceptibles aux infections.
C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

couper
Meaning
to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears
Example
The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.
L'agriculteur shear le mouton au printemps.
C1 noun /blɪs/

Bliss

bonheur parfait; grande joie
Meaning
perfect happiness; great joy
Example
She felt pure bliss while watching the beautiful sunset.
Elle a ressenti un bonheur pur en regardant le magnifique coucher du soleil.
C1 adjective /ˈdɔːr.mənt/

Dormant

inactif; dormant; temporairement suspendu; pas actuellement actif
Meaning
inactive; sleeping; temporarily suspended; not currently active
Example
The volcano has been dormant for over a century.
Le volcan est inactif depuis plus d'un siècle.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɪŋ.ɡəl/

Jingle

un son léger produit par des objets métalliques qui s'entrechoquent ; une chanson courte et accrocheuse
Meaning
a light ringing sound such as that made by metal objects being shaken together; a short catchy song
Example
The jingle of keys could be heard as she walked down the hallway.
Le bruit des clés pouvait être entendu pendant qu'elle marchait dans le couloir.
C1 verb /əˈbriːvieɪt/

abbreviate

abréger
Meaning
To shorten a word, phrase, or text by leaving out letters or parts.
Example
We often abbreviate 'Doctor' to 'Dr'.
Nous abrégons souvent 'Docteur' en 'Dr'.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːv/

reprieve

délai temporaire / suspension de la punition
Meaning
A temporary relief or delay from something unpleasant; to postpone or cancel punishment.
Example
The prisoner was granted a last-minute reprieve from execution.
Le prisonnier a obtenu un sursis de dernière minute avant l'exécution.
C1 adjective /ˈflæʃi/

flashy

voyant, ostentatoire
Meaning
ostentatious or showy in a way that attracts attention
Example
He drove a flashy sports car through the city streets.
Il a conduit une voiture de sport voyante dans les rues de la ville.
C1 adjective /əˈniːmɪk/

anemic

anémique
Meaning
Suffering from anemia; lacking in vitality, strength, or color.
Example
The doctor prescribed iron supplements for her anemic condition.
Le médecin a prescrit des suppléments de fer pour sa condition anémique.
C1 adjective /ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd/

multifaceted

multifacette
Meaning
Having many different aspects or features
Example
The multifaceted approach to the problem resulted in innovative solutions.
L'approche multifacette du problème a abouti à des solutions innovantes.
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/

outstrip

dépasser
Meaning
To go faster or do better than someone or something; to surpass.
Example
The company outstripped its competitors in sales last year.
L'entreprise a dépassé ses concurrents en ventes l'année dernière.
C1 noun /ˈken.əl/

Kennel

cabane pour chien; établissement pour l'élevage ou l'hébergement des chiens
Meaning
a small shelter for a dog; an establishment for the breeding or boarding of dogs
Example
The dog slept comfortably in his wooden kennel in the backyard.
Le chien a dormi confortablement dans son chenil en bois dans le jardin arrière.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntɪmeɪtɪŋ/

unintimating

sans indices
Meaning
Not giving a hint or suggestion; not indicating.
Example
His unintimating tone gave no clue of his true feelings.
Son ton sans indices n'a donné aucun indice de ses véritables sentiments.
C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/

cholera

choléra
Meaning
An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Example
The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.
Le village a connu une épidémie de choléra après l'inondation.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nɪʃ/

garnish

garnir
Meaning
To decorate food with small items for added flavor or visual appeal.
Example
She garnished the dish with fresh coriander leaves.
Elle a garni le plat avec des feuilles fraîches de coriandre.
C1 verb /ˈbɑːrtər/

barter

troc
Meaning
To exchange goods or services without using money.
Example
They bartered their crops for handmade tools.
Ils ont échangé leurs récoltes contre des outils faits à la main.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɔːrɪfaɪ/

glorify

glorifier
Meaning
to praise or honor someone or something; to make something seem better than it is
Example
The movie glorifies war heroes.
Le film glorifie les héros de guerre.
C1 noun/verb ˈpɪv.ət

pivot

changement stratégique, pivot, changement de processus
Meaning
A significant change in business strategy or direction.
Example
The company decided to pivot its business strategy.
L'entreprise a décidé de modifier sa stratégie commerciale.
C1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.moʊ.ni/

alimony

pension alimentaire
Meaning
financial support that a person is ordered by a court to give to their spouse after separation or divorce
Example
He was ordered by the court to pay monthly alimony to his ex-wife.
Le tribunal a ordonné de payer une pension alimentaire mensuelle à son ex-femme.
C1 adverb /ˈhɒtli/

hotly

avec colère
Meaning
in an intense, angry, or passionate way
Example
She hotly denied the accusations.
Elle a nié les accusations avec colère.
C1 noun /ˈæpəθi/

apathy

apathie
Meaning
a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
Example
The students showed apathy towards the new rules.
Les étudiants ont montré de l'apathie envers les nouvelles règles.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/

Invariable

invariable; constant; toujours le même
Meaning
never changing; constant; always the same
Example
His invariable routine includes morning exercise and coffee.
Sa routine invariable comprend des exercices matinaux et du café.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

foreword

préface
Meaning
a short introduction at the beginning of a book, typically written by someone other than the author
Example
The foreword of the book was written by a famous historian.
La préface du livre a été écrite par un historien célèbre.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈfaɪnd/

unrefined

non raffiné
Meaning
not processed or purified; lacking polish or sophistication
Example
The unrefined oil must be processed before it can be used as fuel.
Le pétrole non raffiné doit être traité avant d’être utilisé comme carburant.
C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

évaluation
Meaning
An estimation of the worth of something.
Example
The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.
L'évaluation de la propriété était bien plus élevée que prévu.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrɪkeɪt/

extricate

dégager
Meaning
To free someone or something from a constraint or difficulty.
Example
The firefighters extricated the passengers from the wrecked car.
Les pompiers ont extriqué les passagers de la voiture accidentée.
C1 noun /nɔːrm/

Norm

norme; standard; règle; tradition
Meaning
a standard of behavior; what is typical or expected
Example
Working late has become the norm in this company.
Travailler tard est devenu la norme dans cette entreprise.
C1 verb /wɑːft/

waft

flotter dans l'air
Meaning
to move gently through the air, carried by a breeze
Example
The smell of fresh bread wafted through the kitchen.
L'odeur du pain frais flottait dans la cuisine.
C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

pilon
Meaning
A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.
Example
She used a pestle to grind the spices.
Elle a utilisé un pilon pour moudre les épices.
C1 noun /ˌʌnriˈælɪti/

unreality

irréalité
Meaning
the state or quality of being unreal; lack of reality or truth
Example
The dreamlike setting gave the story a sense of unreality.
Le décor onirique a donné à l’histoire un sentiment d’irréalité.
C1 adjective /ˈhɛlθfəl/

healthful

salubre
Meaning
Promoting good health; beneficial to health.
Example
A healthful diet includes fresh fruits and vegetables.
Un régime salubre comprend des fruits et des légumes frais.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

imbed

enfoncer
Meaning
To fix firmly or deeply in a surrounding mass.
Example
The journalist imbedded himself with the troops to report firsthand.
Le journaliste s'est enfoncé dans les troupes pour rapporter de première main.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

réunion politique
Meaning
A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.
Example
The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.
Le parti a tenu une réunion pour nommer son candidat à la présidence.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɛmbrəns/

remembrance

souvenir
Meaning
the act of remembering or honoring someone or something
Example
A service was held in remembrance of the fallen soldiers.
Un service a été organisé en souvenir des soldats tombés.
C1 noun /ˈhɜːrbɪsaɪd/

herbicide

herbicide
Meaning
A chemical substance used to kill unwanted plants, especially weeds.
Example
Farmers used herbicide to protect their crops from invasive weeds.
Les agriculteurs ont utilisé des herbicides pour protéger leurs cultures des mauvaises herbes envahissantes.
C1 adverb /ˈnoʊɪŋli/

knowingly

consciemment
Meaning
in a way that shows you are aware of something; intentionally
Example
She knowingly kept the secret from her friends.
Elle a consciemment gardé le secret de ses amis.
C1 adjective /ˈliː.θəl/

Lethal

fatal; mortel;
Meaning
deadly; fatal; capable of causing death
Example
The snake's venom is lethal to humans if not treated immediately.
Le venin du serpent est fatal pour les humains s'il n'est pas traité immédiatement.
C1 verb /ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt/

liquidate

liquider
Meaning
To sell assets in order to pay off debts; to close a business and convert assets into cash.
Example
The company decided to liquidate its assets to pay creditors.
L'entreprise a décidé de liquider ses actifs pour payer ses créanciers.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/

innocuous

inoffensif
Meaning
Not harmful or offensive.
Example
His remark was completely innocuous and not meant to offend anyone.
Son commentaire était totalement inoffensif et n'avait pas l'intention d'offenser qui que ce soit.
C1 noun /əˈtaɪər/

attire

vêtement
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or elegant wear.
Example
She wore traditional attire at the wedding ceremony.
Elle portait un vêtement traditionnel lors de la cérémonie du mariage.
C1 verb /trʌdʒ/

trudge

marcher péniblement
Meaning
To walk slowly and with heavy steps, typically because of exhaustion or harsh conditions.
Example
They had to trudge through the snow to reach the village.
Ils ont dû marcher péniblement dans la neige pour atteindre le village.
C1 noun /ɡaɪz/

guise

déguisement
Meaning
An external form, appearance, or manner of presentation, often hiding the true nature
Example
He approached in the guise of a friend.
Il s'est approché sous le déguisement d'un ami.
C1 adjective /ˈdɪn.dʒi/

Dingy

sale et sombre; de couleur terne
Meaning
dark and dirty; gloomy; dull in color
Example
The old building had dingy walls that needed painting.
Le vieux bâtiment avait des murs sales qui avaient besoin d'être peints.
C1 noun /ˈwɪndfɔːl/

windfall

gain imprévu
Meaning
an unexpected piece of good fortune, typically a large amount of money
Example
The startup received a windfall when a major client paid for a full year in advance.
La start-up a reçu un gain imprévu lorsqu'un client majeur a payé un an entier d'avance.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdiːsənt/

indecent

indécent
Meaning
not conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality; improper or offensive
Example
He was warned for making an indecent remark during the meeting.
Il a été averti pour une remarque indécente.
C1 adjective /ˈstɔːlwərt/

stalwart

fidèle, robuste
Meaning
Loyal, reliable, and hardworking; strongly built or sturdy.
Example
She has always been a stalwart supporter of the community.
Elle a toujours été une fidèle partisane de la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənt/

condiment

condiment
Meaning
a substance such as salt, mustard, or ketchup that is used to add flavor to food
Example
Ketchup is a popular condiment in many countries.
Le ketchup est un condiment populaire dans de nombreux pays.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/

Mural

fresque murale
Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
L'artiste a peint une magnifique fresque sur le mur de l'école.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒnvɛks/

convex

convexe, arrondi vers l'extérieur
Meaning
curved or rounded outward
Example
The lens has a convex shape to focus light.
La lentille a une forme convexe pour focaliser la lumière.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌrʌnər/

forerunner

précurseur
Meaning
A person or thing that comes before another; a predecessor or harbinger.
Example
The Wright brothers were the forerunners of modern aviation.
Les frères Wright étaient les précurseurs de l'aviation moderne.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv/

exploitative

exploitant
Meaning
making use of a situation or people unfairly and unethically for one's own advantage
Example
The workers protested against the exploitative practices of the factory.
Les travailleurs ont protesté contre les pratiques exploitantes de l'usine.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪ.kɪʃ/

Rakish

désinvolte
Meaning
having a dashing, jaunty, or slightly disreputable quality or appearance
Example
He wore his hat at a rakish angle that gave him a charming appearance.
Il portait son chapeau dans un angle désinvolte qui lui donnait une apparence charmante.
C1 noun /frɪˈvɒləti/

frivolity

frivolité
Meaning
Lack of seriousness; silly or trivial behavior.
Example
The teacher discouraged frivolity during the exam.
Le professeur a découragé la frivolité pendant l'examen.
C1 noun /kwɪnˈtɛt/

quintet

quintette
Meaning
A group of five people or things, especially musicians.
Example
The jazz quintet performed beautifully.
Le quintette de jazz a joué magnifiquement.
C1 adverb /ˈpiːs.miːl/

Piecemeal

par morceaux; en petits morceaux
Meaning
done or made gradually, one piece at a time; fragmentary; unsystematic
Example
The renovation was done piecemeal over several years due to budget constraints.
La rénovation a été faite petit à petit sur plusieurs années en raison des contraintes budgétaires.
C1 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈbɛrɪŋ/

overbearing

autoritaire
Meaning
unpleasantly or arrogantly domineering
Example
His overbearing attitude made everyone uncomfortable.
Son attitude autoritaire a mis tout le monde mal à l'aise.
C1 noun /lɒft/

loft

loft
Meaning
An upper room or space, often under the roof of a building.
Example
She converted the old loft into a modern studio.
Elle a transformé l'ancien loft en un studio moderne.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

imminent
Meaning
about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening
Example
The villagers were worried about the impending flood.
Les villageois étaient inquiets de l'inondation imminente.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

prosterné
Meaning
lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion
Example
He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.
Il s'est allongé prosterné après la longue bataille.
C1 verb /ˈpæri/

parry

parer une attaque
Meaning
to ward off or deflect an attack, especially in fencing or conversation
Example
He managed to parry the opponent’s sword with quick reflexes.
Il a réussi à parer l'épée de l'adversaire avec des réflexes rapides.
C1 phrase lɪˈdʒɪt.ɪ.mət sɛlf dɪˈfens

legitimate self-defense

légitime défense
Meaning
Lawful protection of oneself from harm or attack.
Example
The country claimed it was legitimate self-defense.
Le pays a affirmé qu'il s'agissait d'une légitime défense.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

leadership proactif
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
Le leadership proactif garantit des décisions opportunes.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛn.ju.əs/

tenuous

faible / mince
Meaning
Very weak, thin, or slight; lacking a strong basis.
Example
The evidence against him is quite tenuous.
La preuve contre lui est assez faible.
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

niveau élevé de complexité ou de raffinement
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
La sophistication de la technologie moderne de l'IA est remarquable.
C1 noun /ˈbɛd.rɒk/

bedrock

fondation
Meaning
the solid rock layer beneath the soil; the fundamental basis of something
Example
Trust is the bedrock of a healthy relationship.
La confiance est la fondation d'une relation saine.
C1 noun /ɡæsˈtrɒnəmi/

gastronomy

gastronomie
Meaning
The art or science of good eating and fine cuisine.
Example
Paris is famous for its rich tradition of gastronomy.
Paris est célèbre pour sa riche tradition gastronomique.
C1 noun /ruːz/

Ruse

ruse; stratagème
Meaning
an action intended to deceive someone; a trick or stratagem
Example
The thief used a clever ruse to distract the guard.
Le voleur a utilisé une ruse astucieuse pour distraire le garde.
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

intérimaire
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
Les gouvernements intérimaires gèrent les phases de transition.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊtəri/

rotary

rotatif
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by rotation; revolving around an axis.
Example
The machine uses a rotary engine to function efficiently.
La machine utilise un moteur rotatif pour fonctionner efficacement.
C1 noun, verb /bʌldʒ/

bulge

gonflement / protubérance
Meaning
A swelling or protruding part; to swell outward or protrude.
Example
The bag began to bulge with too many books inside.
Le sac a commencé à gonfler avec trop de livres à l'intérieur.
C1 verb/noun /pərˈvɜːrt/

pervert

pervertir / personne pervertie
Meaning
As a verb: to distort the meaning or purpose of something; as a noun: a person with abnormal or immoral sexual behavior.
Example
He tried to pervert the truth to escape punishment.
Il a tenté de pervertir la vérité pour échapper à la punition.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.njənt/

poignant

émouvant, poignant
Meaning
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; deeply touching
Example
The movie's ending was so poignant that many in the audience were moved to tears.
La fin du film était tellement émouvante que beaucoup dans le public ont été émus aux larmes.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrs ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

resource-efficient

économe en ressources
Meaning
Using resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes productivity.
Example
Resource-efficient farming conserves water and energy.
L'agriculture économe en ressources conserve l'eau et l'énergie.
C1 noun /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɒlədʒi/

gynecology

gynécologie
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with women's reproductive health
Example
She decided to specialize in gynecology after medical school.
Elle a décidé de se spécialiser en gynécologie après l'école de médecine.
C1 adjective /ɪˈklɛktɪk/

eclectic

éclectique
Meaning
Selecting or deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources.
Example
Her taste in music is eclectic, ranging from classical to hip-hop.
Ses goûts en musique sont éclectiques, allant de la musique classique au hip-hop.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

sermon
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
Le pasteur a donné un sermon émouvant sur la compassion et le pardon.
C1 adjective lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk

linguistic

linguistique
Meaning
Related to language or linguistics; concerning the scientific study of language.
Example
The AI model learns from linguistic patterns.
Le modèle d'IA apprend des modèles linguistiques.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈkwaɪtɪd/

unrequited

non réciproque
Meaning
Not returned or reciprocated, especially in the context of love or affection.
Example
He suffered from unrequited love for years.
Il a souffert d'un amour non réciproque pendant des années.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊdiətrɪst/

podiatrist

podiatre
Meaning
a doctor specializing in foot care
Example
I have an appointment with the podiatrist for my ankle pain.
J'ai un rendez-vous chez le podiatre pour la douleur à la cheville.
C1 noun dɪˈtætʃ.mənt

detachment

détachement
Meaning
The state of being objective or aloof; not being emotionally involved.
Example
Buddhist philosophy encourages detachment from material desires.
La philosophie bouddhiste encourage le détachement des désirs matériels.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnkɒnstɪˈtuːʃənəl/

Unconstitutional

inconstitutionnel
Meaning
not in accordance with a political constitution; violating constitutional principles
Example
The court declared the new law unconstitutional.
Le tribunal a déclaré que la nouvelle loi était inconstitutionnelle.
C1 noun /moʊˈzeɪɪk/

mosaic

mosaïque
Meaning
A picture or pattern produced by arranging together small pieces of stone, tile, or glass.
Example
The church ceiling was decorated with a beautiful mosaic.
Le plafond de l'église était décoré d'une magnifique mosaïque.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

autumnal

automnal
Meaning
relating to or characteristic of autumn; occurring in autumn
Example
The autumnal colors of red and gold filled the forest.
Les couleurs automnales de rouge et d'or ont rempli la forêt.
C1 noun /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdər/

Gunpowder

poudre à canon
Meaning
explosive powder used in guns and fireworks
Example
Gunpowder was invented in ancient China.
La poudre à canon a été inventée dans la Chine ancienne.